Complexities 2
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Unpacking Complexity In Informational Texts
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Author : Sunday Cummins
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Release Date : 2014-11-12
Unpacking Complexity In Informational Texts written by Sunday Cummins and has been published by Guilford Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-12 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
To acquire content knowledge through reading, students must understand the complex components and diverse purposes of informational texts, as emphasized in the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). This practical book illuminates the ways in which a text?s purpose, structure, details, connective language, and construction of themes combine to create meaning. Classroom-tested instructional recommendations and "kid-friendly" explanations guide teachers in helping students to identify and understand the role of these elements in different types of informational texts. Numerous student work samples, excerpts from exemplary books and articles, and a Study Guide with discussion questions and activities for professional learning add to the book?s utility. ÿ
Mathematical Approach To Fluctuations Complexity And Nonlinearity Vol Ii Proceedings Of The Iias Workshop
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Author : Takeyuki Hida
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1995-01-10
Mathematical Approach To Fluctuations Complexity And Nonlinearity Vol Ii Proceedings Of The Iias Workshop written by Takeyuki Hida and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-01-10 with categories.
Contents:Trace Formulae for Levy-Gaussian Measures and Their Application (L Accardi & O G Smolyanov)Mathematical Theory of Early Vision: Historical Note (J J Atick)Unidirectional versus Bi-directional Theory for Trajectory Planning and Control (M Kawato)Relaxations in the Electronic Excited States of Complex Systems (T Kushida)Coherent Approach to Fluctuations (M Suzuki)Simulational and Analytic Studies of Anomalous Relaxation in Disordered Systems (F Yonezawa et al)Work with Pavel Bleher on Eigenvalue Statistics in Integrable Dynamical Systems (F Dyson)and other papers Readership: Applied mathematicians.keywords:
Complexities 2
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Author : Jean-Pierre Briffaut
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2024-07-03
Complexities 2 written by Jean-Pierre Briffaut and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-03 with Social Science categories.
Awareness of complexity in science and technology dates back to the 1970s. However, all social systems tend to develop structures that become more complex over time, be it within families, tribes, cities, states, or societal and economic organizations. Complexities 2 covers a broad array of fields, from justice and linguistics to education and organizational management. The aim of this book is to show, without aiming to provide a comprehensive overview, the diversity of approaches and behaviors towards the obstacle of complexity in understanding and achieving human actions. When we see complexity as the incompleteness of knowledge and the uncertainty of the future, we realize that simplifying is not an adequate approach to complexity, even in the humanities and social sciences. This book explores the relationship between order and disorder in this field of knowledge.
Text Complexity
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Author : Douglas Fisher
language : en
Publisher: Corwin Press
Release Date : 2016-01-28
Text Complexity written by Douglas Fisher and has been published by Corwin Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-28 with Education categories.
There is a big difference between assigning complex texts and teaching complex texts No matter what discipline you teach, learn how to use complexity as a dynamic, powerful tool for sliding the right text in front of your students’ at just the right time. Updates to this new edition include How-to’s for measuring countable features of any written work A rubric for analyzing the complexity of both literary and informational texts Classroom scenarios that show the difference between a healthy struggle and frustration The authors’ latest thinking on teacher modeling, close reading, scaffolded small group reading, and independent reading
Evaluation Complexity Of Algorithms For Nonconvex Optimization
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Author : Coralia Cartis
language : en
Publisher: SIAM
Release Date : 2022-07-06
Evaluation Complexity Of Algorithms For Nonconvex Optimization written by Coralia Cartis and has been published by SIAM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-06 with Mathematics categories.
A popular way to assess the “effort” needed to solve a problem is to count how many evaluations of the problem functions (and their derivatives) are required. In many cases, this is often the dominating computational cost. Given an optimization problem satisfying reasonable assumptions—and given access to problem-function values and derivatives of various degrees—how many evaluations might be required to approximately solve the problem? Evaluation Complexity of Algorithms for Nonconvex Optimization: Theory, Computation, and Perspectives addresses this question for nonconvex optimization problems, those that may have local minimizers and appear most often in practice. This is the first book on complexity to cover topics such as composite and constrained optimization, derivative-free optimization, subproblem solution, and optimal (lower and sharpness) bounds for nonconvex problems. It is also the first to address the disadvantages of traditional optimality measures and propose useful surrogates leading to algorithms that compute approximate high-order critical points, and to compare traditional and new methods, highlighting the advantages of the latter from a complexity point of view. This is the go-to book for those interested in solving nonconvex optimization problems. It is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in courses on advanced numerical analysis, data science, numerical optimization, and approximation theory.
Understanding And Measuring Morphological Complexity
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Author : Matthew Baerman
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2015-03-26
Understanding And Measuring Morphological Complexity written by Matthew Baerman and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-26 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book aims to assess the nature of morphological complexity, and the properties that distinguish it from the complexity manifested in other components of language. Of the many ways languages have of being complex, perhaps none is as daunting as what can be achieved by inflectional morphology: this volume examines languages such as Archi, which has a 1,000,000-form verb paradigm, and Chinantec, which has over 100 inflection classes. Alongside this complexity, inflection is notable for its variety across languages: one can take two unrelated languages and discover that they share similar syntax or phonology, but one would be hard pressed to find two unrelated languages with the same inflectional systems. In this volume, senior scholars and junior researchers highlight novel perspectives on conceptualizing morphological complexity, and offer concrete means for measuring, quantifying and analysing it. Examples are drawn from a wide range of languages, including those of North America, New Guinea, Australia, and Asia, alongside a number of European languages. The book will be a valuable resource for all those studying complexity phenomena in morphology, and for theoretical linguists more generally, from graduate level upwards.
Engineering Of Polymers And Chemical Complexity
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Author : Walter W. Focke
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-05-21
Engineering Of Polymers And Chemical Complexity written by Walter W. Focke and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-21 with Science categories.
This book provides a vast amount of information on new approaches, limitations, and control on current polymers and chemicals complexity of various origins, on scales ranging from single molecules and nano-phenomena to macroscopic chemicals. Starting with a detailed introduction, the book is comprised of chapters that survey the current progress in particular research fields. The chapters, prepared by leading international experts, yield together a fascinating picture of a rapidly developing research discipline that brings chemical technology and polymers to new frontiers.
Information Complexity And Control In Quantum Physics
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Author : A. Blaquiere
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-05-04
Information Complexity And Control In Quantum Physics written by A. Blaquiere and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-04 with Science categories.
Classic Graph Problems Made Temporal A Parameterized Complexity Analysis
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Author : Molter, Hendrik
language : en
Publisher: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
Release Date : 2020
Classic Graph Problems Made Temporal A Parameterized Complexity Analysis written by Molter, Hendrik and has been published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Computers categories.
This thesis investigates the parameterized computational complexity of six classic graph problems lifted to a temporal setting. More specifically, we consider problems defined on temporal graphs, that is, a graph where the edge set may change over a discrete time interval, while the vertex set remains unchanged. Temporal graphs are well-suited to model dynamic data and hence they are naturally motivated in contexts where dynamic changes or time-dependent interactions play an important role, such as, for example, communication networks, social networks, or physical proximity networks. The most important selection criteria for our problems was that they are well-motivated in the context of dynamic data analysis. Since temporal graphs are mathematically more complex than static graphs, it is maybe not surprising that all problems we consider in this thesis are NP-hard. We focus on the development of exact algorithms, where our goal is to obtain fixed-parameter tractability results, and refined computational hardness reductions that either show NP-hardness for very restricted input instances or parameterized hardness with respect to “large” parameters. In the context of temporal graphs, we mostly consider structural parameters of the underlying graph, that is, the graph obtained by ignoring all time information. However, we also consider parameters of other types, such as ones trying to measure how fast the temporal graph changes over time. In the following we briefly discuss the problem setting and the main results. Restless Temporal Paths. A path in a temporal graph has to respect causality, or time, which means that the edges used by a temporal path have to appear at non-decreasing times. We investigate temporal paths that additionally have a maximum waiting time in every vertex of the temporal graph. Our main contributions are establishing NP-hardness for the problem of finding restless temporal paths even in very restricted cases, and showing W[1]-hardness with respect to the feedback vertex number of the underlying graph. Temporal Separators. A temporal separator is a vertex set that, when removed from the temporal graph, destroys all temporal paths between two dedicated vertices. Our contribution here is twofold: Firstly, we investigate the computational complexity of finding temporal separators in temporal unit interval graphs, a generalization of unit interval graphs to the temporal setting. We show that the problem is NP-hard on temporal unit interval graphs but we identify an additional restriction which makes the problem solvable in polynomial time. We use the latter result to develop a fixed-parameter algorithm with a “distance-to-triviality” parameterization. Secondly, we show that finding temporal separators that destroy all restless temporal paths is Σ-P-2-hard. Temporal Matchings. We introduce a model for matchings in temporal graphs, where, if two vertices are matched at some point in time, then they have to “recharge” afterwards, meaning that they cannot be matched again for a certain number of time steps. In our main result we employ temporal line graphs to show that finding matchings is NP-hard even on instances where the underlying graph is a path. Temporal Coloring. We lift the classic graph coloring problem to the temporal setting. In our model, every edge has to be colored properly (that is,the endpoints are colored differently) at least once in every time interval of a certain length. We show that this problem is NP-hard in very restricted cases, even if we only have two colors. We present simple exponential-time algorithms to solve this problem. As a main contribution, we show that these algorithms presumably cannot be improved significantly. Temporal Cliques and s-Plexes. We propose a model for temporal s-plexes that is a canonical generalization of an existing model for temporal cliques. Our main contribution is a fixed-parameter algorithm that enumerates all maximal temporal s-plexes in a given temporal graph, where we use a temporal adaptation of degeneracy as a parameter. Temporal Cluster Editing. We present a model for cluster editing in temporal graphs, where we want to edit all “layers” of a temporal graph into cluster graphs that are sufficiently similar. Our main contribution is a fixed-parameter algorithm with respect to the parameter “number of edge modifications” plus the “measure of similarity” of the resulting clusterings. We further show that there is an efficient preprocessing procedure that can provably reduce the size of the input instance to be independent of the number of vertices of the original input instance.
Stochastic Complexity In Statistical Inquiry
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Author : Jorma Rissanen
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1998-10-07
Stochastic Complexity In Statistical Inquiry written by Jorma Rissanen and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-10-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book describes how model selection and statistical inference can be founded on the shortest code length for the observed data, called the stochastic complexity. This generalization of the algorithmic complexity not only offers an objective view of statistics, where no prejudiced assumptions of 'true' data generating distributions are needed, but it also in one stroke leads to calculable expressions in a range of situations of practical interest and links very closely with mainstream statistical theory. The search for the smallest stochastic complexity extends the classical maximum likelihood technique to a new global one, in which models can be compared regardless of their numbers of parameters. The result is a natural and far reaching extension of the traditional theory of estimation, where the Fisher information is replaced by the stochastic complexity and the Cramer-Rao inequality by an extension of the Shannon-Kullback inequality. Ideas are illustrated with applications from parametric and non-parametric regression, density and spectrum estimation, time series, hypothesis testing, contingency tables, and data compression.