Compounding And Processing Approaches For The Fabrication Of Shape Memory Ppolymers
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Compounding And Processing Approaches For The Fabrication Of Shape Memory Ppolymers
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Author : Marcos Pantoja
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Compounding And Processing Approaches For The Fabrication Of Shape Memory Ppolymers written by Marcos Pantoja and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Aerogels categories.
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a type of material capable of indefinitely holding a deformed shape and recovering their original shape upon the application of an external stimulus, such as temperature. SMPs contain at least two networks consisting of a permanent crosslinked polymer matrix and a second reversible, shape fixing network. These networks could be chemically bonded in single chemistry systems such as block copolymers containing elastic and glassy or crystalline phases or be blended together through elastomer and crystalline small molecule mixtures. This dissertation primarily focuses on SMP blends derived from fatty acid-elastomer blends with the aim being to further simplify the fabrication of these materials. The mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of a series of different blends, along with several styrenic block copolymers, were studied to understand the structure-property relationships between their permanent and reversible networks. In Chapter II, fatty acid swollen natural rubber shape memory polymers were investigated as a function of swelling extent, acid polarity, and applied deformation. The fatty acid-rubber systems demonstrate a 40-50 wt% effective fatty acid solid phase loading range where the fixity of a programmed shape remained > 95% while maintaining structural integrity. The strength of the crystalline fatty acid networks were determined through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) moduli measurements where, under large uniaxial deformations, the modulus of the fatty acid was found to increase compared to the unstrained material. This was consistent with preferential alignment of crystal platelets along the strain direction as determined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. In Chapter III, SMP foams were fabricated by immersing a polyurethane foam inside stearic acid-isopropyl alcohol solutions of varying concentration. Samples were programmed using DMA or a compression press. It was determined that fixity increases with increasing wt% stearic acid, reaching 95% fixity with 29 wt% (1 vol%) stearic acid. Pre- and post-submersion volume measurements reveal that the foam volume increases after the solution treatment. Optical microscopy images illustrate that the stearic acid coats the foam struts, eventually filling the pores at higher stearic acid loading forming a percolating network whose strength increases with increasing stearic acid concentration. Chapter IV demonstrates that neat ABA thermoplastic elastomers are able to act as SMPs without the addition of an additional small molecule additive. It will be discussed how the shape memory properties depend on the molecular weight and shape programming conditions of the SMP, which is in turn related to the chain dynamics and reorganization of the block copolymer morphology under load. The shape memory performance was investigated using DMA. Optimum properties were obtained using a shape programming temperature of 90 °C, yielding fixity (the ability of the polymer to hold the applied deformation) and recovery (the ability of the polymer to recover its original shape) values of ca. 80 and 90%, respectively. Overall, a tradeoff between fixity and recovery was observed for all cases, achieving higher fixities at the expense of recovery and vice versa. Based on these findings a model explaining the shape memory mechanism of neat block copolymer SMPs is proposed. Chapter V presents a different project focusing and the synthesis and characterization of flexible polyimide aerogels. Aliphatic linkages were introduced into the backbone of polyimides through the synthesis of aromatic diamines containing aliphatic spacers. These linkages were varied between 4, 6, and 10 methylene carbons to tune the properties of the resulting aerogels. The density, dielectric constants, thermal and moisture stability, and mechanical properties (including compression, tensile, and three-point bending) of these aerogels were assessed to understand the effect of the amount and length of the methylene spacers on these properties. Overall, the polyimides were flexible at thicknesses up to 2-3 mm.
Shape Memory Polymers Blends And Composites
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Author : Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-07-01
Shape Memory Polymers Blends And Composites written by Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book explores the recent advances in the field of shape memory polymers, whose ease of manufacturing and wide range of potential applications have spurred interest in the field. The book presents details about the synthesis, processing, characterization, and applications of shape memory polymers, their blends and composites. It provides a correlation of physical properties of shape memory polymers with macro, micro and nano structures. The contents of this book will be of interest to researchers across academia and industry.
Shape Memory Composites Based On Polymers And Metals For 4d Printing
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Author : Muni Raj Maurya
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-18
Shape Memory Composites Based On Polymers And Metals For 4d Printing written by Muni Raj Maurya and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Shape Memory Composites Based on Polymers and Metals for 4D Printing is a thorough discussion of the physics and chemistry behind this developing area of materials science. It provides readers with a clear exposition of shape-memory-composite (SMC) preparation techniques for 3D and 4D printing processes and explains how intelligent manufacturing technology may be applied in fields such as robotics, construction, medical science, and smart sensors. The book covers fundamental background knowledge on the synthesis of shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape memory alloys (SMAs), and additive manufacturing techniques. Polymers and metals and their roles in 4D printing are dealt with separately, and applications of 4D printing are treated in their own chapter. The different alloy compositions and nanoparticle fillers in polymer composites are examined in detail, along with the key mechanisms involved in their processing. Hybrid nanofillers and synergistic composite mixtures, which are either in extensive current use or have shown promising outcomes in the field of 4D printing, are thoroughly discussed. Differences between these novel SMCs and traditional metal alloys, organic and inorganic composites are presented, and means by which they can improve mechanical properties that are triggered by external sources like magnetic field, temperature, and pH of solvent, are set out. This book provides practitioners, industrial researchers, and scholars with a state-of-the-art overview of SMP/SMA synthesis, additive manufacturing, modification in synthesis of SMCs for 4D printing, and their likely future applications.
Shape Memory Polymers
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Author : Jinlian Hu
language : en
Publisher: Smithers Rapra
Release Date : 2014-05-27
Shape Memory Polymers written by Jinlian Hu and has been published by Smithers Rapra this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-27 with Science categories.
Shape-memory polymers (SMP) are a unique branch of the smart materials family which are capable of changing shape on-demand upon exposure to external stimulus. The discovery of SMP made a significant breakthrough in the developments of novel smart materials for a variety of engineering applications, superseded the traditional materials, and also influenced the current methods of product designing. This book provides the latest advanced information of on-going research domains of SMP. This will certainly enlighten the reader to the achievements and tremendous potentials of SMP. The basic fundamentals of SMP, including shape-memory mechanisms and mechanics are described. This will aid reader to become more familiar with SMP and the basic concepts, thus guiding them in undergoing independent research in the SMP field. The book also provides the reader with associated challenges and existing application problems of SMP. This could assist the reader to focus more on these issues and further exploit their knowledge to look for innovative solutions. Future outlooks of SMP research are discussed as well. This book should prove to be extremely useful for academics, R&D managers, researcher scientists, engineers, and all others related to the SMP research.
Shape Memory Polymers For Aerospace Applications
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Author : Gyaneshwar Tandon
language : en
Publisher: DEStech Publications, Inc
Release Date : 2015-11-20
Shape Memory Polymers For Aerospace Applications written by Gyaneshwar Tandon and has been published by DEStech Publications, Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Shape memory polymer chemistry and design for active materials and morphing structuresCovers shape memory in polymers, alloys and composites, including models and testing Essential equations for analysis of the structure, behavior and properties of SMPsMany graphs and figures in full color A technical analysis of shape-memory polymers (SMPs) and their composites, particularly in adaptive materials, this volume introduces designs linking SMPs to metals, elastomers, foams, nanoparticles and other materials, as well as the engineering of SMPs directly into parts and active (morphing) components. Attention is given to controlled structures activated by light, heat, electricity and other energy sources, as well as the connection of SMPs with actuators. Part one discusses the activation and analysis of the shape memory response, including shape recovery. Subsequent chapters offer modeling and other tools for investigating the SMP response, including shape recovery. Part three combines the response with micro- and macro-scale reinforcing phases for producing SMP composites, and the following section discusses synthetic and nanostructured customization of the shape memory polymer response. The final section focuses on specific SMP concepts in aircraft, including morphing skins, wings, unimorph composite actuators for deployment, and variable stiffness elements.
Post Polymerization Cure Shape Memory Polymers
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Post Polymerization Cure Shape Memory Polymers written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
This invention relates to chemical polymer compositions, methods of synthesis, and fabrication methods for devices regarding polymers capable of displaying shape memory behavior (SMPs) and which can first be polymerized to a linear or branched polymeric structure, having thermoplastic properties, subsequently processed into a device through processes typical of polymer melts, solutions, and dispersions and then crossed linked to a shape memory thermoset polymer retaining the processed shape.
Shape Memory Polymers And Multifunctional Composites
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Author : Jinsong Leng
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-08-30
Shape Memory Polymers And Multifunctional Composites written by Jinsong Leng and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-30 with categories.
Admired for their extraordinary stimuli-sensitive behavior and shape-changing capabilities, shape-memory polymers (SMPs) and multifunctional composites are among the most important smart materials. They continue to be widely applied in many diverse fields to create things such as self-deployable spacecraft structures, morphing structures, SMP foams, smart textiles, and intelligent medical devices. Written by renowned authors, Shape-Memory Polymers and Multifunctional Composites is a broad overview of the systematic progress associated with this emerging class of materials. The book presents an overview of SMPs and a detailed discussion of their structural, thermo-mechanical, and electrical properties, and their applications in fields including aeronautics, astronautics, biomedicine, and the automotive industry. Covering topics ranging from synthesis procedures to ultimate applications, this is a sound instructional text that serves as a guide to smart materials and offers an in-depth exploration of multifunctional SMPs and SMP composites, outlining their important role in the materials field. In each chapter, industry experts discuss different key aspects of novel smart materials, from their properties and fabrication to the actuation approaches used to trigger shape recovery. This comprehensive analysis explores the different functions of SMPs, the fundamentals behind them, and the ways in which polymers may reshape product design in general.
Optimization Of Mechanical Properties And Manufacturing Techniques To Enable Shape Memory Polymer Processing
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Author : Walter Everett Voit
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Optimization Of Mechanical Properties And Manufacturing Techniques To Enable Shape Memory Polymer Processing written by Walter Everett Voit and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Acrylates categories.
This research investigates the synthesis and manufacture of shape-memory polymer (SMP) systems for use in biomedical and commodity applications. The research centers on improving the mechanical properties of thermoset acrylate copolymers with memory properties at reasonable cost through various design and manufacturing techniques: high-strain polymer synthesis and radiation crosslinking. The research assesses combinations of linear monomers and a low density of crosslinker to characterize new functional materials and optimize emerging mechanical properties such as the glass transition temperature (Tg) and rubbery modulus (ER). Exploring materials with large recoverable strains, a model copolymer of photo-polymerized methyl acrylate (MA), isobornyl acrylate and crosslinker bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate was shown to strain above 800%, twice the previously published value for SMPs, and recover fully. In the quest to maximize fully recoverable strains, a new hybrid molecule nicknamed Xini, which serves as both an initiator and a crosslinker, was also theorized, synthesized, polymerized into SMP networks and characterized.
Advances In Elastomers I
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Author : P. M. Visakh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-29
Advances In Elastomers I written by P. M. Visakh and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This is the first volume of a two-volume work which summarizes in an edited format and in a fairly comprehensive manner many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of Elastomers. “Advances in Elastomers” discusses the various attempts reported on solving these problems from the point of view of the chemistry and the structure of elastomers, highlighting the drawbacks and advantages of each method. It summarize the importance of elastomers and their multiphase systems in human life and industry, and covers all the topics related to recent advances in elastomers, their blends, IPNs, composites and nanocomposites. This first volume focuses on advances on the blends and interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of elastomers.
Shape Memory Materials
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Author : Arun D I
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-04-27
Shape Memory Materials written by Arun D I and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This work addresses the basic principles, synthesis / fabrication and applications of smart materials, specifically shape memory materials Based on origin, the mechanisms of transformations vary in different shape memory materials and are discussed in different chapters under titles of shape memory alloys, ceramics, gels and polymers Complete coverage of composite formation with polymer matrix and reinforcement filler conductive materials with examples