Computational Analysis Of Facial Expressions
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Computational Analysis Of Facial Expressions
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Author : A. Shenoy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Computational Analysis Of Facial Expressions written by A. Shenoy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
This PhD work constitutes a series of inter-disciplinary studies that use biologically plausible computational techniques and experiments with human subjects in analyzing facial expressions. The performance of the computational models and human subjects in terms of accuracy and response time are analyzed. The computational models process images in three stages. This includes: Preprocessing, dimensionality reduction and Classification. The pre-processing of face expression images includes feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. Gabor filters are used for feature extraction as they are closest biologically plausible computational method. Various dimensionality reduction methods: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Curvilinear Component Analysis (CCA) and Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) are used followed by the classification by Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Six basic prototypical facial expressions that are universally accepted are used for the analysis. They are: angry, happy, fear, sad, surprise and disgust. The performance of the computational models in classifying each expression category is compared with that of the human subjects. The Effect size and Encoding face enable the discrimination of the areas of the face specific for a particular expression. The Effect size in particular emphasizes the areas of the face that are involved during the production of an expression. This concept of using Effect size on faces has not been reported previously in the literature and has shown very interesting results. The detailed PCA analysis showed the significant PCA components specific for each of the six basic prototypical expressions. An important observation from this analysis was that with Gabor filtering followed by non linear CCA for dimensionality reduction, the dataset vector size may be reduced to a very small number, in most cases it was just 5 components. The hypothesis that the average response time (RT) for the human subjects in classifying the different expressions is analogous to the distance measure of the data points from the classification hyper-plane was verified. This means the harder a facial expression is to classify by human subjects, the closer to the classifying hyper-plane of the classifier it is. A bi-variate correlation analysis of the distance measure and the average RT suggested a significant anti-correlation. The signal detection theory (SDT) or the d-prime determined how well the model or the human subjects were in making the classification of an expressive face from a neutral one. On comparison, human subjects are better in classifying surprise, disgust, fear, and sad expressions. The RAW computational model is better able to distinguish angry and happy expressions. To summarize, there seems to some similarities between the computational models and human subjects in the classification process.
Computational Techniques For Human Smile Analysis
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Author : Hassan Ugail
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-04-17
Computational Techniques For Human Smile Analysis written by Hassan Ugail and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-17 with Computers categories.
In this book, the authors discuss the recent developments in computational techniques for automated non-invasive facial emotion detection and analysis with particular focus on the smile. By way of applications, they discuss how genuine and non-genuine smiles can be inferred, how gender is encoded in a smile and how it is possible to use the dynamics of a smile itself as a biometric feature. It is often said that the face is a window to the soul. Bearing a metaphor of this nature in mind, one might find it intriguing to understand, if any, how the physical, behavioural as well as emotional characteristics of a person could be decoded from the face itself. With the increasing deductive power of machine learning techniques, it is becoming plausible to address such questions through the development of appropriate computational frameworks. Though there are as many as over twenty five categories of emotions one could express, regardless of the ethnicity, gender or social class, across humanity, there exist six common emotions – namely happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger and disgust - all of which can be inferred from facial expressions. Of these facial expressions, the smile is the most prominent in social interactions. The smile bears important ramifications with beliefs such as it makes one more attractive, less stressful in upsetting situations and employers tending to promote people who smile often. Even pockets of scientific research appear to be forthcoming to validate such beliefs and claims, e.g. the smile intensity observed in photographs positively correlates with longevity, the ability to win a fight and whether a couple would stay married. Thus, it appears that many important personality traits are encoded in the smile itself. Therefore, the deployment of computer based algorithms for studying the human smiles in greater detail is a plausible avenue for which the authors have dedicated the discussions in this book.
Understanding Facial Expressions In Communication
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Author : Manas K. Mandal
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-10
Understanding Facial Expressions In Communication written by Manas K. Mandal and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-10 with Psychology categories.
This important volume provides a holistic understanding of the cultural, psychological, neurological and biological elements involved in human facial expressions and of computational models in the analyses of expressions. It includes methodological and technical discussions by leading scholars across the world on the subject. Automated and manual analysis of facial expressions, involving cultural, gender, age and other variables, is a growing and important area of research with important implications for cross-cultural interaction and communication of emotion, including security and clinical studies. This volume also provides a broad framework for the understanding of facial expressions of emotion with inputs drawn from the behavioural sciences, computational sciences and neurosciences.
The Computer Analysis Of Facial Expressions
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Author : Gordon James McIntyre
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Computer Analysis Of Facial Expressions written by Gordon James McIntyre and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Computer vision categories.
Significant advances have been made in the field of computer vision in the last few years. The mathematical underpinnings have evolved in conjunction with increases in computer processing speed. Many researchers have attempted to apply these improvements to the field of Facial Expression Recognition (FER).
Handbook Of Face Recognition
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Author : Stan Z. Li
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-08-22
Handbook Of Face Recognition written by Stan Z. Li and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-22 with Computers categories.
This highly anticipated new edition provides a comprehensive account of face recognition research and technology, spanning the full range of topics needed for designing operational face recognition systems. After a thorough introductory chapter, each of the following chapters focus on a specific topic, reviewing background information, up-to-date techniques, and recent results, as well as offering challenges and future directions. Features: fully updated, revised and expanded, covering the entire spectrum of concepts, methods, and algorithms for automated face detection and recognition systems; provides comprehensive coverage of face detection, tracking, alignment, feature extraction, and recognition technologies, and issues in evaluation, systems, security, and applications; contains numerous step-by-step algorithms; describes a broad range of applications; presents contributions from an international selection of experts; integrates numerous supporting graphs, tables, charts, and performance data.
Facial Analysis From Continuous Video With Applications To Human Computer Interface
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Author : Antonio J. Colmenarez
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-12-17
Facial Analysis From Continuous Video With Applications To Human Computer Interface written by Antonio J. Colmenarez and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-17 with Computers categories.
Computer vision algorithms for the analysis of video data are obtained from a camera aimed at the user of an interactive system. It is potentially useful to enhance the interface between users and machines. These image sequences provide information from which machines can identify and keep track of their users, recognize their facial expressions and gestures, and complement other forms of human-computer interfaces. Facial Analysis from Continuous Video with Applications to Human-Computer Interfaces presents a learning technique based on information-theoretic discrimination which is used to construct face and facial feature detectors. This book also describes a real-time system for face and facial feature detection and tracking in continuous video. Finally, this book presents a probabilistic framework for embedded face and facial expression recognition from image sequences. Facial Analysis from Continuous Video with Applications to Human-Computer Interfaces is designed for a professional audience composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable as a secondary text for graduate-level students in computer science and engineering.
Facial Expression Analysis By Computational Intelligence Techniques
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Author : Maja Pantic
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Facial Expression Analysis By Computational Intelligence Techniques written by Maja Pantic and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Face Image Analysis By Unsupervised Learning
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Author : Marian Stewart Bartlett
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2001-06-30
Face Image Analysis By Unsupervised Learning written by Marian Stewart Bartlett and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-06-30 with Computers categories.
Face Image Analysis by Unsupervised Learning explores adaptive approaches to image analysis. It draws upon principles of unsupervised learning and information theory to adapt processing to the immediate task environment. In contrast to more traditional approaches to image analysis in which relevant structure is determined in advance and extracted using hand-engineered techniques, Face Image Analysis by Unsupervised Learning explores methods that have roots in biological vision and/or learn about the image structure directly from the image ensemble. Particular attention is paid to unsupervised learning techniques for encoding the statistical dependencies in the image ensemble. The first part of this volume reviews unsupervised learning, information theory, independent component analysis, and their relation to biological vision. Next, a face image representation using independent component analysis (ICA) is developed, which is an unsupervised learning technique based on optimal information transfer between neurons. The ICA representation is compared to a number of other face representations including eigenfaces and Gabor wavelets on tasks of identity recognition and expression analysis. Finally, methods for learning features that are robust to changes in viewpoint and lighting are presented. These studies provide evidence that encoding input dependencies through unsupervised learning is an effective strategy for face recognition. Face Image Analysis by Unsupervised Learning is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate-level course, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.
Emotion Recognition
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Author : Amit Konar
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-01-27
Emotion Recognition written by Amit Konar and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A timely book containing foundations and current research directions on emotion recognition by facial expression, voice, gesture and biopotential signals This book provides a comprehensive examination of the research methodology of different modalities of emotion recognition. Key topics of discussion include facial expression, voice and biopotential signal-based emotion recognition. Special emphasis is given to feature selection, feature reduction, classifier design and multi-modal fusion to improve performance of emotion-classifiers. Written by several experts, the book includes several tools and techniques, including dynamic Bayesian networks, neural nets, hidden Markov model, rough sets, type-2 fuzzy sets, support vector machines and their applications in emotion recognition by different modalities. The book ends with a discussion on emotion recognition in automotive fields to determine stress and anger of the drivers, responsible for degradation of their performance and driving-ability. There is an increasing demand of emotion recognition in diverse fields, including psycho-therapy, bio-medicine and security in government, public and private agencies. The importance of emotion recognition has been given priority by industries including Hewlett Packard in the design and development of the next generation human-computer interface (HCI) systems. Emotion Recognition: A Pattern Analysis Approach would be of great interest to researchers, graduate students and practitioners, as the book Offers both foundations and advances on emotion recognition in a single volume Provides a thorough and insightful introduction to the subject by utilizing computational tools of diverse domains Inspires young researchers to prepare themselves for their own research Demonstrates direction of future research through new technologies, such as Microsoft Kinect, EEG systems etc.
Affective Information Processing
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Author : Jianhua Tao
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-12-02
Affective Information Processing written by Jianhua Tao and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-02 with Computers categories.
Affective information processing assigns computers the human-like capabilities of observation, interpretation and generation of affect features. It is an important topic for harmonious human-computer interaction, by increasing the quality of human-computer communication and improving the intelligence of the computer. Discussing state of art of the research in affective information processing, this book summarises key technologies researched, such as facial expression recognition, face animation, emotional speech synthesis, intelligent agent, and virtual reality. The detailed discussion covers a wide range of topics including hot topics which look to challenge and improve current research work. Written to provide an opportunity for scientists, engineers and graduate students to learn problems, solutions and technologies in the topic area, this book will provide insight and prove a valuable reference tool.