Computational Methods Of Modeling Vascular Geometry And Tracking Pulmonary Motion From Medical Images

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Computational Methods Of Modeling Vascular Geometry And Tracking Pulmonary Motion From Medical Images

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Author : Guanglei Xiong
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011

Computational Methods Of Modeling Vascular Geometry And Tracking Pulmonary Motion From Medical Images written by Guanglei Xiong and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.

Modern anatomical medical imaging technologies, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance, capture structures of the human body in exquisite detail. Computational anatomy is a developing discipline to extract and characterize the anatomy from images. Unfortunately, anatomical images do not reveal the functional behavior. Computational physiology shows great potential to link the structure-function relationship by considering both the anatomical information and the physical governing laws. The simulated physiology can be used to assess physiological states, and more importantly predict the outcomes of interventions. On the other hand, advances in the functional imaging techniques provide measured physiology information and should be utilized together with computational physiology. In the theme of computational anatomy and physiology, this dissertation describes computational methods of modeling vascular geometry for image-based blood flow computation and tracking pulmonary motion for image-guided radiation therapy. Blood flow computation is a useful tool to quantify in vivo hemodynamics. The essential first step is to model vascular geometry from medical imaging data. I have developed a new workflow for this task. The geometric model construction is based on 3D image segmentation and geometric processing. To represent the topology of the constructed model, I have developed a novel centerline extraction method. To account for compliant vessels, methods to assign spatially-varying mechanical properties of the vessel wall are also developed. The workflow greatly increases the modeling efficiency. The combination of the patient-specific geometry and wall deformation can enhance the fidelity of blood flow simulation. Image-based blood flow computation also holds great promise for device design and surgical procedure evaluation. Next, I have developed novel virtual intervention methods to deploy stents or stent grafts to patient-specific pre-operative geometric models constructed from medical images. These methods enable prospective model construction and may be used to evaluate the outcomes of alternative treatment options. Respiratory motion is closely related to the physiology of the lung. Finally, I have developed a novel framework to track patient-specific pulmonary motion from 4D computed tomography images. A large set of vascular junction structures in the lung are identified as landmarks and tracked to obtain their motion trajectories. This framework can provide accurate motion information, which is important in radiation therapy to reduce healthy tissue irradiation while allowing target dose escalation. This work demonstrates the importance of the geometry and motion modeling tools in computational anatomy and physiology. Accurate physiological information, whether simulated or measured, will benefit the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.

Computational Methods Of Modeling Vascular Geometry And Tracking Pulmonary Motion From Medical Images

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Author : Guanglei Xiong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

Computational Methods Of Modeling Vascular Geometry And Tracking Pulmonary Motion From Medical Images written by Guanglei Xiong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.

Modern anatomical medical imaging technologies, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance, capture structures of the human body in exquisite detail. Computational anatomy is a developing discipline to extract and characterize the anatomy from images. Unfortunately, anatomical images do not reveal the functional behavior. Computational physiology shows great potential to link the structure-function relationship by considering both the anatomical information and the physical governing laws. The simulated physiology can be used to assess physiological states, and more importantly predict the outcomes of interventions. On the other hand, advances in the functional imaging techniques provide measured physiology information and should be utilized together with computational physiology. In the theme of computational anatomy and physiology, this dissertation describes computational methods of modeling vascular geometry for image-based blood flow computation and tracking pulmonary motion for image-guided radiation therapy. Blood flow computation is a useful tool to quantify in vivo hemodynamics. The essential first step is to model vascular geometry from medical imaging data. I have developed a new workflow for this task. The geometric model construction is based on 3D image segmentation and geometric processing. To represent the topology of the constructed model, I have developed a novel centerline extraction method. To account for compliant vessels, methods to assign spatially-varying mechanical properties of the vessel wall are also developed. The workflow greatly increases the modeling efficiency. The combination of the patient-specific geometry and wall deformation can enhance the fidelity of blood flow simulation. Image-based blood flow computation also holds great promise for device design and surgical procedure evaluation. Next, I have developed novel virtual intervention methods to deploy stents or stent grafts to patient-specific pre-operative geometric models constructed from medical images. These methods enable prospective model construction and may be used to evaluate the outcomes of alternative treatment options. Respiratory motion is closely related to the physiology of the lung. Finally, I have developed a novel framework to track patient-specific pulmonary motion from 4D computed tomography images. A large set of vascular junction structures in the lung are identified as landmarks and tracked to obtain their motion trajectories. This framework can provide accurate motion information, which is important in radiation therapy to reduce healthy tissue irradiation while allowing target dose escalation. This work demonstrates the importance of the geometry and motion modeling tools in computational anatomy and physiology. Accurate physiological information, whether simulated or measured, will benefit the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.

Image Based Computational Modeling Of The Human Circulatory And Pulmonary Systems

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Author : Krishnan B. Chandran
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-11-18

Image Based Computational Modeling Of The Human Circulatory And Pulmonary Systems written by Krishnan B. Chandran and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Image-Based Computational Modeling of the Human Circulatory and Pulmonary Systems provides an overview of the current modeling methods and applications enhancing interventional treatments and computer-aided surgery. A detailed description of the techniques behind image acquisition, processing and three-dimensional reconstruction are included. Techniques for the computational simulation of solid and fluid mechanics and structure interaction are also discussed, in addition to various cardiovascular and pulmonary applications. Engineers and researchers involved with image processing and computational modeling of human organ systems will find this a valuable reference.

Studying Computational Methods For Biomedical Geometry Extraction And Patient Specific Hemodynamics

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Author : Zhiqiang Wang (Computer scientist)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

Studying Computational Methods For Biomedical Geometry Extraction And Patient Specific Hemodynamics written by Zhiqiang Wang (Computer scientist) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.

With the development of medical imaging and numerical simulation techniques, image based Patient Specific Computational Hemodynamics (PSCH) has become a powerful approach to non-invasively quantify vascular fluid mechanics in human arteries. However, most existing PSCH methods are currently impractical for real clinic applications due to time consuming computation. In clinic applications, an image based efficient PSCH approach is needed to offer Patient-Specific diagnosis information in a timely manner and also to make large population studies possible. Without these studies, the correlation between Patient-Specific clinical symptom and hemodynamic patterns cannot be assessed. In the image based PSCH processing procedure, there are three main parts responsible for the bulk of the computation. The first one is obtaining the anatomic geometry. The second is converting the geometry into a suitable mesh or grid for simulation. The third hotspot is the large numbers of calculations in hemodynamics simulation.To address above problems, in this thesis, some efficient algorithms have been proposed to speed up image based PSCH computations.First, a fully parallel numerical method is proposed to quickly extract anatomical geometry from medical images. This method can efficiently solve the level set equations of active contour based on Lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) for image segmentation. And a parallel distance field regularization algorithm is integrated to the LBM computing scheme to keep computation stable. This approach avoids external regularization which has been a major impediment to direct parallelization of level set evolution with LBM. It allows the whole computing process to be efficiently executed on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Further, this method can be incorporated with different image features for various image segmentation tasks.Second, a new method is proposed by utilizing fluid features, particularly the mean flow intensity, to extract the blood flow field in a target vessel from 4D flow MRI images which encode blood velocity information in vessels. This approach is computational efficient and robust to blood flow changes in a cardiac cycle even in relatively small arteries. The extracted velocity field can be used as inlet and outlet conditions facilitating the hemodynamics simulation and for evaluating simulation result. Moreover, the target artery wall deformation factors at a few spatial locations of the artery and time steps in one cardiac cycle can be estimated. These factors enable the generation of high quality and deforming artery walls by morphing the wall acquired from accurate but static Time of Flight (TOF) MRI images. The dynamic artery wall benefits blood flow visualization tasks and also has potential to be used as moving boundary for hemodynamic simulations.Third, after image segmentation, the anatomical geometry is implicitly represented by zero level set of distance field. Based on segmentation result, a method is first proposed to directly generate simulation grids for Volumetric Lattice Boltzmann Method (VLBM) based hemodynamic simulation. There is no surface reconstruction and mesh generation needed. Therefore, it can avoid extra computational cost and inaccuracy during the two transforms: from volume to mesh, then from mesh to volume grids. Further, surface normal direction at artery wall can also be directly estimated to calculate Wall Shear Stress (WSS) .Finally, VLBM has been GPU accelerated to simulate hemodynamics in human arteries by using a uniform computing scheme for both fluid and boundary grids. For traditional computational fluid simulation method, its boundary conditions have to be separately performed over boundary nodes from fluid nodes, where large number of branching operations are inefficient for GPU parallel computation due to its Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) architecture. For complicated biomechanics structure, this situation would be worse, as there are a lot of boundary cells in the computation domain. The proposed parallel VLBM implementation does not need to distinguish fluid and boundary cells in the computation so that branching is minimized and the GPU kernel execution is accelerated.

Computational Hemodynamics Theory Modelling And Applications

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Author : Jiyuan Tu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-02-24

Computational Hemodynamics Theory Modelling And Applications written by Jiyuan Tu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book discusses geometric and mathematical models that can be used to study fluid and structural mechanics in the cardiovascular system. Where traditional research methodologies in the human cardiovascular system are challenging due to its invasive nature, several recent advances in medical imaging and computational fluid and solid mechanics modelling now provide new and exciting research opportunities. This emerging field of study is multi-disciplinary, involving numerical methods, computational science, fluid and structural mechanics, and biomedical engineering. Certainly any new student or researcher in this field may feel overwhelmed by the wide range of disciplines that need to be understood. This unique book is one of the first to bring together knowledge from multiple disciplines, providing a starting point to each of the individual disciplines involved, attempting to ease the steep learning curve. This book presents elementary knowledge on the physiology of the cardiovascular system; basic knowledge and techniques on reconstructing geometric models from medical imaging; mathematics that describe fluid and structural mechanics, and corresponding numerical/computational methods to solve its equations and problems. Many practical examples and case studies are presented to reinforce best practice guidelines for setting high quality computational models and simulations. These examples contain a large number of images for visualization, to explain cardiovascular physiological functions and disease. The reader is then exposed to some of the latest research activities through a summary of breakthrough research models, findings, and techniques. The book’s approach is aimed at students and researchers entering this field from engineering, applied mathematics, biotechnology or medicine, wishing to engage in this emerging and exciting field of computational hemodynamics modelling.

Geometric Modeling And Mesh Generation From Scanned Images

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Author : Yongjie Jessica Zhang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-09-03

Geometric Modeling And Mesh Generation From Scanned Images written by Yongjie Jessica Zhang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-03 with Computers categories.

Cutting-Edge Techniques to Better Analyze and Predict Complex Physical Phenomena Geometric Modeling and Mesh Generation from Scanned Images shows how to integrate image processing, geometric modeling, and mesh generation with the finite element method (FEM) to solve problems in computational biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. Based on the author’s recent research and course at Carnegie Mellon University, the text explains the fundamentals of medical imaging, image processing, computational geometry, mesh generation, visualization, and finite element analysis. It also explores novel and advanced applications in computational biology, medicine, materials science, and other engineering areas. One of the first to cover this emerging interdisciplinary field, the book addresses biomedical/material imaging, image processing, geometric modeling and visualization, FEM, and biomedical and engineering applications. It introduces image-mesh-simulation pipelines, reviews numerical methods used in various modules of the pipelines, and discusses several scanning techniques, including ones to probe polycrystalline materials. The book next presents the fundamentals of geometric modeling and computer graphics, geometric objects and transformations, and curves and surfaces as well as two isocontouring methods: marching cubes and dual contouring. It then describes various triangular/tetrahedral and quadrilateral/hexahedral mesh generation techniques. The book also discusses volumetric T-spline modeling for isogeometric analysis (IGA) and introduces some new developments of FEM in recent years with applications.

Medical Image Computing And Computer Assisted Intervention Miccai 2009

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Author : Guang-Zhong Yang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-09-07

Medical Image Computing And Computer Assisted Intervention Miccai 2009 written by Guang-Zhong Yang and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-07 with Computers categories.

The two-volume set LNCS 5761 and LNCS 5762 constitute the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2009, held in London, UK, in September 2009. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 259 revised papers from 804 submissions for presentation in two volumes. The first volume includes 125 papers divided in topical sections on cardiovascular image guided intervention and robotics; surgical navigation and tissue interaction; intra-operative imaging and endoscopic navigation; motion modelling and image formation; image registration; modelling and segmentation; image segmentation and classification; segmentation and atlas based techniques; neuroimage analysis; surgical navigation and robotics; image registration; and neuroimage analysis: structure and function.

Topics In Medical Image Processing And Computational Vision

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Author : Joao Manuel R.S. Tavares
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-27

Topics In Medical Image Processing And Computational Vision written by Joao Manuel R.S. Tavares and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The sixteen chapters included in this book were written by invited experts of international recognition and address important issues in Medical Image Processing and Computational Vision, including: Object Recognition, Object Detection, Object Tracking, Pose Estimation, Facial Expression Recognition, Image Retrieval, Data Mining, Automatic Video Understanding and Management, Edges Detection, Image Segmentation, Modelling and Simulation, Medical thermography, Database Systems, Synthetic Aperture Radar and Satellite Imagery. Different applications are addressed and described throughout the book, comprising: Object Recognition and Tracking, Facial Expression Recognition, Image Database, Plant Disease Classification, Video Understanding and Management, Image Processing, Image Segmentation, Bio-structure Modelling and Simulation, Medical Imaging, Image Classification, Medical Diagnosis, Urban Areas Classification, Land Map Generation. The book brings together the current state-of-the-art in the various multi-disciplinary solutions for Medical Image Processing and Computational Vision, including research, techniques, applications and new trends contributing to the development of the related areas.

Computational Fluid And Particle Dynamics In The Human Respiratory System

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Author : Jiyuan Tu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-15

Computational Fluid And Particle Dynamics In The Human Respiratory System written by Jiyuan Tu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Traditional research methodologies in the human respiratory system have always been challenging due to their invasive nature. Recent advances in medical imaging and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have accelerated this research. This book compiles and details recent advances in the modelling of the respiratory system for researchers, engineers, scientists, and health practitioners. It breaks down the complexities of this field and provides both students and scientists with an introduction and starting point to the physiology of the respiratory system, fluid dynamics and advanced CFD modeling tools. In addition to a brief introduction to the physics of the respiratory system and an overview of computational methods, the book contains best-practice guidelines for establishing high-quality computational models and simulations. Inspiration for new simulations can be gained through innovative case studies as well as hands-on practice using pre-made computational code. Last but not least, students and researchers are presented the latest biomedical research activities, and the computational visualizations will enhance their understanding of physiological functions of the respiratory system.

Handbook Of Medical Image Processing And Analysis

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Author : Isaac Bankman
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2008-12-24

Handbook Of Medical Image Processing And Analysis written by Isaac Bankman and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-24 with Computers categories.

The Handbook of Medical Image Processing and Analysis is a comprehensive compilation of concepts and techniques used for processing and analyzing medical images after they have been generated or digitized. The Handbook is organized into six sections that relate to the main functions: enhancement, segmentation, quantification, registration, visualization, and compression, storage and communication.The second edition is extensively revised and updated throughout, reflecting new technology and research, and includes new chapters on: higher order statistics for tissue segmentation; tumor growth modeling in oncological image analysis; analysis of cell nuclear features in fluorescence microscopy images; imaging and communication in medical and public health informatics; and dynamic mammogram retrieval from web-based image libraries.For those looking to explore advanced concepts and access essential information, this second edition of Handbook of Medical Image Processing and Analysis is an invaluable resource. It remains the most complete single volume reference for biomedical engineers, researchers, professionals and those working in medical imaging and medical image processing.Dr. Isaac N. Bankman is the supervisor of a group that specializes on imaging, laser and sensor systems, modeling, algorithms and testing at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He received his BSc degree in Electrical Engineering from Bogazici University, Turkey, in 1977, the MSc degree in Electronics from University of Wales, Britain, in 1979, and a PhD in Biomedical Engineering from the Israel Institute of Technology, Israel, in 1985. He is a member of SPIE. Includes contributions from internationally renowned authors from leading institutions NEW! 35 of 56 chapters have been revised and updated. Additionally, five new chapters have been added on important topics incluling Nonlinear 3D Boundary Detection, Adaptive Algorithms for Cancer Cytological Diagnosis, Dynamic Mammogram Retrieval from Web-Based Image Libraries, Imaging and Communication in Health Informatics and Tumor Growth Modeling in Oncological Image Analysis. Provides a complete collection of algorithms in computer processing of medical images Contains over 60 pages of stunning, four-color images