Concepts And Models
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Conceptual Modeling Of Information Systems
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Author : Antoni Olivé
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-08-15
Conceptual Modeling Of Information Systems written by Antoni Olivé and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-15 with Computers categories.
It is now more than fifty years since the first paper on formal specifications of an information system was published by Young and Kent. Even if the term “conceptual model” was not used at that time, the basic intention of the abstract specification was to a large extent the same as for developing conceptual models today: to arrive at a precise, abstract, and hardware - dependent model of the informational and time characteristics of a data processing problem. The abstract notation should enable the analyst to - ganize the problem around any piece of hardware. In other words, the p- pose of an abstract specification was for it to be used as an invariant basis for designing different alternative implementations, perhaps even using different hardware components. Research and practice of abstract modeling of information systems has since the late fifties progressed through many milestones and achie- ments. In the sixties, pioneering work was carried out by the CODASYL Development committee who in 1962 presented the “Information Al- bra”. At about the same time Börje Langefors published his elementary message and e-file approach to specification of information systems. The next decade, the seventies, was characterized by the introduction of a large number of new types of, as they were called, “data models”. We saw the birth of, for instance, Binary Data Models, Entity Relationship Models, Relational Data Models, Semantic Data Models, and Temporal Deductive Models.
Understanding And Evaluating Research
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Author : Sue L. T. McGregor
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2017-10-25
Understanding And Evaluating Research written by Sue L. T. McGregor and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-25 with Social Science categories.
Understanding and Evaluating Research: A Critical Guide shows students how to be critical consumers of research and to appreciate the power of methodology as it shapes the research question, the use of theory in the study, the methods used, and how the outcomes are reported. The book starts with what it means to be a critical and uncritical reader of research, followed by a detailed chapter on methodology, and then proceeds to a discussion of each component of a research article as it is informed by the methodology. The book encourages readers to select an article from their discipline, learning along the way how to assess each component of the article and come to a judgment of its rigor or quality as a scholarly report.
Conceptual Design
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Author : Mogens Myrup Andreasen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-07-03
Conceptual Design written by Mogens Myrup Andreasen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Maximising reader insights into the theory, models, methods and fundamental reasoning of design, this book addresses design activities in industrial settings, as well as the actors involved. This approach offers readers a new understanding of design activities and related functions, properties and dispositions. Presenting a ‘design mindset’ that seeks to empower students, researchers, and practitioners alike, it features a strong focus on how designers create new concepts to be developed into products, and how they generate new business and satisfy human needs. Employing a multi-faceted perspective, the book supplies the reader with a comprehensive worldview of design in the form of a proposed model that will empower their activities as student, researcher or practitioner. We draw the reader into the core role of design conceptualisation for society, for the development of industry, for users and buyers of products, and for citizens in relation to public systems. The book also features original contributions related to exploration, conceptualisation and product synthesis. Exploring both the power and limitations of formal design process models, methods, and tools viewed in the light of human ingenuity and cognition, the book develops a unique design mindset that adds human understanding to the list of methods and tools essential to design. This insight is distilled into useful mindset heuristics included throughout the book.
Interpretable Machine Learning
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Author : Christoph Molnar
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2020
Interpretable Machine Learning written by Christoph Molnar and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Computers categories.
This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.
Decision Theory Models For Applications In Artificial Intelligence Concepts And Solutions
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Author : Sucar, L. Enrique
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2011-10-31
Decision Theory Models For Applications In Artificial Intelligence Concepts And Solutions written by Sucar, L. Enrique and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-31 with Computers categories.
One of the goals of artificial intelligence (AI) is creating autonomous agents that must make decisions based on uncertain and incomplete information. The goal is to design rational agents that must take the best action given the information available and their goals. Decision Theory Models for Applications in Artificial Intelligence: Concepts and Solutions provides an introduction to different types of decision theory techniques, including MDPs, POMDPs, Influence Diagrams, and Reinforcement Learning, and illustrates their application in artificial intelligence. This book provides insights into the advantages and challenges of using decision theory models for developing intelligent systems.
Handbook Of Conceptual Modeling
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Author : David W. Embley
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-04-23
Handbook Of Conceptual Modeling written by David W. Embley and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-23 with Computers categories.
Conceptual modeling is about describing the semantics of software applications at a high level of abstraction in terms of structure, behavior, and user interaction. Embley and Thalheim start with a manifesto stating that the dream of developing information systems strictly by conceptual modeling – as expressed in the phrase “the model is the code” – is becoming reality. The subsequent contributions written by leading researchers in the field support the manifesto's assertions, showing not only how to abstractly model complex information systems but also how to formalize abstract specifications in ways that let developers complete programming tasks within the conceptual model itself. They are grouped into sections on programming with conceptual models, structure modeling, process modeling, user interface modeling, and special challenge areas such as conceptual geometric modeling, information integration, and biological conceptual modeling. The Handbook of Conceptual Modeling collects in a single volume many of the best conceptual-modeling ideas, techniques, and practices as well as the challenges that drive research in the field. Thus it is much more than a traditional handbook for advanced professionals, as it also provides both a firm foundation for the field of conceptual modeling, and points researchers and graduate students towards interesting challenges and paths for how to contribute to this fundamental field of computer science.
Conceptual Models
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Author : Jeff Johnson
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2011-11-01
Conceptual Models written by Jeff Johnson and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-01 with Computers categories.
People make use of software applications in their activities, applying them as tools in carrying out tasks. That this use should be good for people--easy, effective, efficient, and enjoyable--is a principal goal of design. In this book, we present the notion of Conceptual Models, and argue that Conceptual Models are core to achieving good design. From years of helping companies create software applications, we have come to believe that building applications without Conceptual Models is just asking for designs that will be confusing and difficult to learn, remember, and use. We show how Conceptual Models are the central link between the elements involved in application use: people's tasks (task domains), the use of tools to perform the tasks, the conceptual structure of those tools, the presentation of the conceptual model (i.e., the user interface), the language used to describe it, its implementation, and the learning that people must do to use the application. We further show that putting a Conceptual Model at the center of the design and development process can pay rich dividends: designs that are simpler and mesh better with users' tasks, avoidance of unnecessary features, easier documentation, faster development, improved customer uptake, and decreased need for training and customer support.
Business Models In The Circular Economy
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Author : Roberta De Angelis
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave Pivot
Release Date : 2018-02-20
Business Models In The Circular Economy written by Roberta De Angelis and has been published by Palgrave Pivot this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-20 with Business & Economics categories.
This book focuses on the role of corporations in the transition towards an economy that works more in line with ecological limits. It is centred on business model innovation in the context of the circular economy, which is gaining consensus across business, policy and academic circles by proposing more resource efficient industrial processes. Interest in circular business models is growing within academic and practitioner literature yet the concept is not clearly understood, with potential negative consequences for theory building and practical implementation. Therefore, this book conceptualises circular business models and investigates their theoretical foundations in relation to the rationale for adopting them, drawing on circular economy, business model, strategic management and neo-institutional literature and secondary data.
The Great Mental Models General Thinking Concepts
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Author : Farnam Street
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-12-16
The Great Mental Models General Thinking Concepts written by Farnam Street and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-16 with categories.
The old saying goes, ''To the man with a hammer, everything looks like a nail.'' But anyone who has done any kind of project knows a hammer often isn't enough. The more tools you have at your disposal, the more likely you'll use the right tool for the job - and get it done right. The same is true when it comes to your thinking. The quality of your outcomes depends on the mental models in your head. And most people are going through life with little more than a hammer. Until now. The Great Mental Models: General Thinking Concepts is the first book in The Great Mental Models series designed to upgrade your thinking with the best, most useful and powerful tools so you always have the right one on hand. This volume details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making, productivity, and how clearly you see the world. You will discover what forces govern the universe and how to focus your efforts so you can harness them to your advantage, rather than fight with them or worse yet- ignore them. Upgrade your mental toolbox and get the first volume today. AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Farnam Street (FS) is one of the world's fastest growing websites, dedicated to helping our readers master the best of what other people have already figured out. We curate, examine and explore the timeless ideas and mental models that history's brightest minds have used to live lives of purpose. Our readers include students, teachers, CEOs, coaches, athletes, artists, leaders, followers, politicians and more. They're not defined by gender, age, income, or politics but rather by a shared passion for avoiding problems, making better decisions, and lifelong learning. AUTHOR HOME Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
It And Business Models
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Author : Jonas Hedman
language : en
Publisher: CBS Press
Release Date : 2002
It And Business Models written by Jonas Hedman and has been published by CBS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Business planning categories.
"Understanding how IT affects organizations and businesses and how organizations and managers act when engaging in IT investments are important issues. At best, IT is a source that helps individuals and organizations to improve their performance and meet their objectives. At worst, and often, it is an obstacle that costs more to manage than it brings back. This book focuses on how organizations manage IT."