Conjunctive Explanations

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Explanations Accounts And Illusions
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Author : John McClure
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1991-07-25
Explanations Accounts And Illusions written by John McClure and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-07-25 with Psychology categories.
A survey of the major viewpoints in social psychology concerning peoples's self-awareness, explanations of their actions, cognitive illusions and self-misunderstandings.
A Franciscan Theological Metaphysical Foundation Of Emergence
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Author : Alessandro Mantini
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-11-23
A Franciscan Theological Metaphysical Foundation Of Emergence written by Alessandro Mantini and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-23 with Religion categories.
This book proposes a broad synthesis of the state of the art regarding the debate on the phenomenon of Emergence. Discussing from a theoretical and a theological perspective, it aims to propose a new interpretation, according to the theological and metaphysical framework offered by St Bonaventure and the Franciscan school. Identifying the main concepts, the salient, and questions that characterize the phenomenon of Emergence, the book employs a complex, multilevel and wide-ranging analysis between the wisdom of Bonaventurean theology, metaphysics, and modern scientific and metaphysical knowledge. This book is a must read for scholars and academics interested in new sapiential depths to extract and make the new and the ancient interact.
Calling For Explanation
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Author : Dan Baras
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-07-26
Calling For Explanation written by Dan Baras and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-26 with Philosophy categories.
This book is the first comprehensive treatment of the idea that some facts call for explanation. This idea serves as a premise in influential arguments for the inexistence of moral facts, for the inexistence of mathematical facts, for the existence of a god, for the existence of multiple universes, and other topics. Despite its prevalence and importance in debates across fields of study, however, this premise is rarely questioned, and the distinction between facts that call for explanation and those that do not has thus far received little careful attention. According to what Baras calls the naïve picture, facts possess a certain property, which he calls strikingness, to different degrees. To the extent that a fact has this property, it calls for explanation. We feel compelled to figure out what this property is, and what special explanation amounts to, but this approach, Baras argues, leads to a dead end. Attending to this essential and yet strangely neglected issue, Baras argues that if calling for explanation is thought of as a fixed property of facts that justifies explanatory inferences, as many believe it to be, this leads to a futile philosophical project and confusions in reasoning. He develops the view that calling for explanation is merely a figurative form of speech without a fixed meaning. There is no unified property shared by all facts that call for explanation, and there is no unified kind of explanation that all such facts call for.
A Practical Logic Of Cognitive Systems
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Author : Dov M. Gabbay
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2005-05-02
A Practical Logic Of Cognitive Systems written by Dov M. Gabbay and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-05-02 with Psychology categories.
The present work is a continuation of the authors' acclaimed multi-volume APractical Logic of Cognitive Systems. After having investigated the notion ofrelevance in their previous volume, Gabbay and Woods now turn to abduction. Inthis highly original approach, abduction is construed as ignorance-preservinginference, in which conjecture plays a pivotal role. Abduction is a response to acognitive target that cannot be hit on the basis of what the agent currently knows.The abducer selects a hypothesis which were it true would enable the reasoner to attain his target. He concludes from this fact that the hypothesis may be conjectured. In allowing conjecture to stand in for the knowledge he fails to have, the abducer reveals himself to be a satisficer, since an abductive solution is not a solution from knowledge. Key to the authors' analysis is the requirement that a conjectured proposition is not just what a reasoner might allow himself to assume, but a proposition he must defeasibly release as a premiss for further inferences in the domain of enquiry in which the original abduction problem has arisen.The coverage of the book is extensive, from the philosophy of science tocomputer science and AI, from diagnostics to the law, from historical explanation to linguistic interpretation. One of the volume's strongest contributions is its exploration of the abductive character of criminal trials, with special attention given to the standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt.Underlying their analysis of abductive reasoning is the authors' conception ofpractical agency. In this approach, practical agency is dominantly a matter of thecomparative modesty of an agent's cognitive agendas, together with comparatively scant resources available for their advancement. Seen in these ways, abduction has a significantly practical character, precisely because it is a form of inference that satisfices rather than maximizes its response to the agent's cognitive target.The Reach of Abduction will be necessary reading for researchers, graduatestudents and senior undergraduates in logic, computer science, AI, belief dynamics, argumentation theory, cognitive psychology and neuroscience, linguistics, forensic science, legal reasoning and related areas.Key features:- Reach of Abduction is fully integrated with a background logic of cognitive systems.- The most extensive coverage compared to competitive works.- Demonstrates not only that abduction is a form of ignorance preservinginference but that it is a mode of inference that is wholly rational.- Demonstrates the satisficing rather than maximizing character ofabduction.- The development of formal models of abduction is considerably more extensive than one finds in existing literature. It is an especially impressive amalgam of sophisticatedconceptual analysis and extensive logical modelling.· Reach of Abduction is fully integrated with a background logic of cognitive systems.· The most extensive coverage compared to competitive works· Demonstrates not only that abduction is a form of ignorance preservinginference but that it is a mode of inference that is wholly rational.· Demonstrates the satisficing rather than maximizing character ofabduction.· The development of formal models of abduction is considerably more extensive than one finds in existing literature. It is an especially impressive amalgam of sophisticatedconceptual analysis and extensive logical modelling.
Explaining One S Self To Others
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Author : Margaret L. McLaughlin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-12-16
Explaining One S Self To Others written by Margaret L. McLaughlin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-16 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
To date, the study of communicated explanations has been, at best, unsystematic. There has been little recognition that many, if not most, explanations are eventually delivered to a hearer or hearers. These potential audiences constrain the way the explanation is ultimately shaped. Similarly, researchers have devoted themselves to the study of "accounts," for the most part without an accompanying interest in the fundamental processes of event comprehension. This volume is devoted to bridging the gap between these two traditions.
Abductive Reasoning
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Author : Atocha Aliseda
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-02-16
Abductive Reasoning written by Atocha Aliseda and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-16 with Philosophy categories.
Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation is a much awaited original contribution to the study of abductive reasoning, providing logical foundations and a rich sample of pertinent applications. Divided into three parts on the conceptual framework, the logical foundations, and the applications, this monograph takes the reader for a comprehensive and erudite tour through the taxonomy of abductive reasoning, via the logical workings of abductive inference ending with applications pertinent to scientific explanation, empirical progress, pragmatism and belief revision.
Proceedings Of The Sixteenth Annual Conference Of The Cognitive Science Society
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Author : Ashwin Ram
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-05-23
Proceedings Of The Sixteenth Annual Conference Of The Cognitive Science Society written by Ashwin Ram and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-23 with Psychology categories.
This volume features the complete text of all regular papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the 16th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning
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Author : Michael Waldmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-03-30
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning written by Michael Waldmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-30 with Psychology categories.
Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Although causal reasoning is a component of most of our cognitive functions, it has been neglected in cognitive psychology for many decades. The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning offers a state-of-the-art review of the growing field, and its contribution to the world of cognitive science. The Handbook begins with an introduction of competing theories of causal learning and reasoning. In the next section, it presents research about basic cognitive functions involved in causal cognition, such as perception, categorization, argumentation, decision-making, and induction. The following section examines research on domains that embody causal relations, including intuitive physics, legal and moral reasoning, psychopathology, language, social cognition, and the roles of space and time. The final section presents research from neighboring fields that study developmental, phylogenetic, and cultural differences in causal cognition. The chapters, each written by renowned researchers in their field, fill in the gaps of many cognitive psychology textbooks, emphasizing the crucial role of causal structures in our everyday lives. This Handbook is an essential read for students and researchers of the cognitive sciences, including cognitive, developmental, social, comparative, and cross-cultural psychology; philosophy; methodology; statistics; artificial intelligence; and machine learning.
Doing Research In Political Science
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Author : Paul Pennings
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2006
Doing Research In Political Science written by Paul Pennings and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Political Science categories.
This is an immensely helpful book for students starting their own research... an excellent introduction to the comparative method giving an authoritative overview over the research process - Klaus Armingeon, University of Bern Doing Research in Political Science is the book for mastering the comparative method in all the social sciences - Jan-Erik Lane, University of Geneva This book has established itself as a concise and well-readable text on comparative methods and statistics in political science I...strongly recommend it. - Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Philipps-University Marburg This thoroughly revised edition of the popular textbook offers an accessible but comprehensive introduction to comparative research methods and statistics for students of political science. Clearly organized around three parts, the text introduces the main theories and methodologies used in the discipline. Part 1 frames the comparative approach within the methodological framework of the political and social sciences. Part 2 introduces basic descriptive and inferential statistical methods as well as more advanced multivariate methods used in quantitative political analysis. Part 3 applies the methods and techniques of Parts 1 & 2 to research questions drawn from contemporary themes and issues in political science. Incorporating practice exercises, ideas for further reading and summary questions throughout, Doing Research in Political Science provides an invaluable step-by-step guide for students and researchers in political science, comparative politics and empirical political analysis.
Social Cognition
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Author : Susan T. Fiske
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2020-11-11
Social Cognition written by Susan T. Fiske and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-11 with Psychology categories.
The social world is complicated and our minds are limited, so we take shortcuts. You have to make quick decisions – this person is dangerous, this one is not. The shortcuts we take mostly work well enough, because, after all, we survive. But some are deeply unjust, including racial or social class categories or other unfair stereotypes. This book will help you understand how these shortcuts work, why they exist, and how they are changing. There are examples in each chapter which * Show applications in the real world to help with your understanding * Highlight significant pieces of research to help you demonstrate knowledge of a wide range of sources * Explain researching in social cognition to improve your skills and give ideas for your own research. Check out the accompanying online resources for more.