Connecting Visual Perception Attention And Probabilistic Models Of Task Performance With Eeg Measured Brain Activity
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Connecting Visual Perception Attention And Probabilistic Models Of Task Performance With Eeg Measured Brain Activity
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Author : Sarah S. Sheldon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Connecting Visual Perception Attention And Probabilistic Models Of Task Performance With Eeg Measured Brain Activity written by Sarah S. Sheldon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Attention categories.
The neural mechanisms underlying visual perception and attention continue to elude researchers despite decades of research. Developing novel methodology and improved analytical techniques may provide key insights into these processes that traditional approaches have been unable to reveal. In this dissertation, we pursue this idea in a series of studies whose overall aim is to better understand visual perception, attention, and their underlying neural mechanisms. First, we demonstrate how the novel adaptation of visual working memory probabilistic models can turn simple performance measures into metrics that quantify the quality of participants' internal perceptual representations. When paired with EEG analysis, we find evidence that perceptual representations will vary only within a fixed range of values, but where in that range its precision falls changes from trial-to-trial as a function of post-stimulus neural activity. Next, we extend this approach to test the effects of covert attention modulation while simultaneously questioning previous assumptions about the role of periodic oscillatory activity, particularly in the alpha (8-14 Hz) frequency, during the cued version of the orientation perception task. From this novel combination, we find evidence that the conflicting reports on the role of alpha oscillations in visual perception and attention are, at least partially, due to measures being confounded by the overlapping and task-related 1/f aperiodic activity. Finally, we used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to address a long-standing question regarding how alpha-related brain activity prior to the presentation of a visual stimulus corresponds to attention, perception, and subsequent task performance. Our results suggest that it is the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of alpha amplitude that best represents what makes trials with covert spatial attention distinguishable from trials without. However, we found little evidence that those same spatiotemporal patterns of activity are predictive of subsequent behavioral responses. Overall, this series of studies demonstrate the value of using novel techniques that can take full advantage of the inherent multidimensionality of EEG data as well as highlights the opportunities these methods present for future research.
The Oxford Handbook Of Event Related Potential Components
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Author : Steven J. Luck
language : en
Publisher: OUP USA
Release Date : 2012-01-12
The Oxford Handbook Of Event Related Potential Components written by Steven J. Luck and has been published by OUP USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-12 with Psychology categories.
The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the major ERP components. It covers components related to multiple research domains, including perception, cognition, emotion, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and lifespan development.
Flow Experience
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Author : László Harmat
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-15
Flow Experience written by László Harmat and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-15 with Psychology categories.
This volume provides updates and informs the reader about the development of the current empirical research on the flow experience. It opens up some new research questions at the frontiers of the field. The book offers an overview on the latest findings in flow research in several fields such as social psychology, neuropsychology, performing arts and sport, education, work and everyday experiences. It integrates the latest knowledge on experimental studies of optimal experience with the theoretical foundation of psychological flow that was laid down in the last decades.
Cumulated Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Cumulated Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Medicine categories.
Research Awards Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Research Awards Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Medicine categories.
Research Grants Index
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Author : National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Medicine categories.
Working Memory Capacity
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Author : Nelson Cowan
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2016-04-14
Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-14 with Psychology categories.
The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Visual Mismatch Negativity Vmmn A Prediction Error Signal In The Visual Modality
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Author : Gabor Stefanics
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-06-04
Visual Mismatch Negativity Vmmn A Prediction Error Signal In The Visual Modality written by Gabor Stefanics and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-04 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Current theories of visual change detection emphasize the importance of conscious attention to detect unexpected changes in the visual environment. However, an increasing body of studies shows that the human brain is capable of detecting even small visual changes, especially if such changes violate non-conscious probabilistic expectations based on repeating experiences. In other words, our brain automatically represents statistical regularities of our visual environmental. Since the discovery of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential (ERP) component, the majority of research in the field has focused on auditory deviance detection. Such automatic change detection mechanisms operate in the visual modality too, as indicated by the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) brain potential to rare changes. VMMN is typically elicited by stimuli with infrequent (deviant) features embedded in a stream of frequent (standard) stimuli, outside the focus of attention. In this research topic we aim to present vMMN as a prediction error signal. Predictive coding theories account for phenomena such as mismatch negativity and repetition suppression, and place them in a broader context of a general theory of cortical responses. A wide range of vMMN studies has been presented in this Research Topic. Twelve articles address roughly four general sub-themes including attention, language, face processing, and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, four articles focused on particular subjects such as the oblique effect, object formation, and development and time-frequency analysis of vMMN. Furthermore, a review paper presented vMMN in a hierarchical predictive coding framework. Each paper in this Research Topic is a valuable contribution to the field of automatic visual change detection and deepens our understanding of the short term plasticity underlying predictive processes of visual perceptual learning.
Statistical Parametric Mapping The Analysis Of Functional Brain Images
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Author : William D. Penny
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-04-28
Statistical Parametric Mapping The Analysis Of Functional Brain Images written by William D. Penny and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-28 with Psychology categories.
In an age where the amount of data collected from brain imaging is increasing constantly, it is of critical importance to analyse those data within an accepted framework to ensure proper integration and comparison of the information collected. This book describes the ideas and procedures that underlie the analysis of signals produced by the brain. The aim is to understand how the brain works, in terms of its functional architecture and dynamics. This book provides the background and methodology for the analysis of all types of brain imaging data, from functional magnetic resonance imaging to magnetoencephalography. Critically, Statistical Parametric Mapping provides a widely accepted conceptual framework which allows treatment of all these different modalities. This rests on an understanding of the brain's functional anatomy and the way that measured signals are caused experimentally. The book takes the reader from the basic concepts underlying the analysis of neuroimaging data to cutting edge approaches that would be difficult to find in any other source. Critically, the material is presented in an incremental way so that the reader can understand the precedents for each new development. This book will be particularly useful to neuroscientists engaged in any form of brain mapping; who have to contend with the real-world problems of data analysis and understanding the techniques they are using. It is primarily a scientific treatment and a didactic introduction to the analysis of brain imaging data. It can be used as both a textbook for students and scientists starting to use the techniques, as well as a reference for practicing neuroscientists. The book also serves as a companion to the software packages that have been developed for brain imaging data analysis. An essential reference and companion for users of the SPM software Provides a complete description of the concepts and procedures entailed by the analysis of brain images Offers full didactic treatment of the basic mathematics behind the analysis of brain imaging data Stands as a compendium of all the advances in neuroimaging data analysis over the past decade Adopts an easy to understand and incremental approach that takes the reader from basic statistics to state of the art approaches such as Variational Bayes Structured treatment of data analysis issues that links different modalities and models Includes a series of appendices and tutorial-style chapters that makes even the most sophisticated approaches accessible
Large Scale Neuronal Theories Of The Brain
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Author : Christof Koch
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1994
Large Scale Neuronal Theories Of The Brain written by Christof Koch and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Mathematics categories.
This book originated at a small and informal workshop held in December of 1992 in Idyllwild, a relatively secluded resort village situated amid forests in the San Jacinto Mountains above Palm Springs in Southern California. Eighteen colleagues from a broad range of disciplines, including biophysics, electrophysiology, neuroanatomy, psychophysics, clinical studies, mathematics and computer vision, discussed 'Large Scale Models of the Brain, ' that is, theories and models that cover a broad range of phenomena, including early and late vision, various memory systems, selective attention, and the neuronal code underlying figure-ground segregation and awareness (for a brief summary of this meeting, see Stevens 1993). The bias in the selection of the speakers toward researchers in the area of visual perception reflects both the academic background of one of the organizers as well as the (relative) more mature status of vision compared with other modalities. This should not be surprising given the emphasis we humans place on'seeing' for orienting ourselves, as well as the intense scrutiny visual processes have received due to their obvious usefullness in military, industrial, and robotic applications. JMD.