Consociational Democracy In Lebanon 1945 1975
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Consociational Democracy In Lebanon 1945 1975
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Author : Irina Wolf
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2009-07-10
Consociational Democracy In Lebanon 1945 1975 written by Irina Wolf and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-10 with Political Science categories.
Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2002 in the subject Politics - Region: Near East, Near Orient, grade: A, American University of Central Asia, language: English, abstract: Lebanon is a unique country of the Middle East. It is very ancient and it is located in such a way that once was called “the gate of the Middle East” . During centuries numerous conquerors invaded Lebanon to gain strategic leverage in regional dominance. There are three major religious groups - Maronites, Druzes, and Shiites – living in the country, of which Maronites are part of a Christian mainstream and Druzes and Shiites are of a Muslim one. Granting independence to Lebanon, the French wanted to secure the position of the Christians and not let it “be absorbed into a Syrian Muslim state.” Lebanon traditionally considered itself the only Christian country in the Arab world and was always backed up by France. The history of Lebanon was filled with religious and violent conflicts, which were inflamed by surrounding nations and often resolved by major powers. The antipathy among Maronites, Druzes, and Shiites was so strong that the solution had to be found urgently. To avoid conflicts among the different subcultures the French established the consociational democracy. Lebanon didn’t completely meet all the core principles of the consociational democracy and it consequently led to the civil war of 1975, to sectarian unrest and struggles for political and economic power. However, the results of the consociational democracy were the peace in Lebanon for thirty years, and the economic prosperity.
Consociational Democracy In Lebanon 1943 1975
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Author : Samir E. Elias
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Consociational Democracy In Lebanon 1943 1975 written by Samir E. Elias and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Lebanon categories.
Democratic Transitions In The Arab World
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Author : Ibrahim Elbadawi
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-01-05
Democratic Transitions In The Arab World written by Ibrahim Elbadawi and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-05 with Political Science categories.
A cross-country examination of authoritarianism and democracy in North Africa and the Middle East.
Comparative Analysis Of Political Systems Of Lebanon And Switzerland
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Author : Irina Wolf
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2009-08-05
Comparative Analysis Of Political Systems Of Lebanon And Switzerland written by Irina Wolf and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-05 with Political Science categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Politics - Political systems in general and in comparison, grade: A, American University of Central Asia, course: Electoral Politics, language: English, abstract: In the beginning of the 21st century nobody spoke out loud about consociational democracy and how it should work in order to prosper the state. It is now possible to analyze the history of the countries, here Lebanon and Switzerland, as well as the profound works of social scientists, which deliberated about the effective implementation of the consociational democracy. Now it is also possible to point out the mistakes of the French mandate in Lebanon, which led to the disastrous results and draw some ideas of how the state could develop if all the core principles of consociational democracy were completed in a right way. In this particular research, Switzerland represents this ‘right way’.
The Druze Community And The Lebanese State
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Author : Yusri Hazran
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-07-11
The Druze Community And The Lebanese State written by Yusri Hazran and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-11 with History categories.
One of the fundamental questions of Middle Eastern, and Lebanese studies in particular, is the history of the relationship between the Druze community and the state in modern Lebanon. Arguing that the Druze community has been politically alienated from the Lebanese state, this book explores the historical and political origins of this alienation. The Druze Community and the Lebanese State contends that the origins of this alienation lie in the state’s national ideology, its political confessional system, and the Druze’s historical background during the medieval period. Moreover, this book examines the extent to which the Druze’s attitude vis-à-vis the Lebanese state has been influenced by their historical rivalry with the Maronites. Particular emphasis is placed on the political and ideological practices adopted by the Druze leadership and intelligentsia as they dealt with the changes taking place in their community’s political status following the political settlements of 1920 and 1943 (the establishment of Greater Lebanon and the National Pact, respectively). A welcome addition to existing literature on Lebanon, this book will be an essential reference tool for students and researchers with an interest in nationalism, identity and Middle East Politics more broadly.
Consociational Democracy In Multiethnic Societies
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Author : Patrick Bolte
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2007
Consociational Democracy In Multiethnic Societies written by Patrick Bolte and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Political Science categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Politics - Political Theory and the History of Ideas Journal, grade: 1,0 (A), Free University of Berlin (Otto-Suhr-Institute for Political Science), course: Empirisch-analytische Demokratietheorien, 44 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The central question of this paper is almost as old as the mere concept of consociationalism: to what extent can consociational democracy serve as the appropriate democratic form to divided and multiethnic societies? Soon after Arend Lijphart and Gerhard Lehmbruch had depicted consociational democracy as a viable alternative to majoritarian forms of democracy, a fierce debate about its wider applicability took root. Lijphart and Lehmbruch had presented the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria and Switzerland as cases of consociational democracies - but would the concept work in countries that are divided more deeply? For a good reason, the issue regained relevance and interest of scholars during the 1990s: Intra-state wars now took their tolls on an unprecedented scale - many of which had an ethnic dimension. It requires no statistical analysis to acknowledge ethnic divisions as one of the most serious sources of today's violent conflicts. In this context, it has been asked whether consociational democracy is a suitable and appropriate model to accommodate the diverse interests and cultures of groups in a multiethnic society. Is it a sustainable model able to prevent conflicts from turning violent? Should it be part of peacebuilding efforts in a post-conflict society? If applied, how should a consociational design look like?
Democracy In Plural Societies
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Author : Arend Lijphart
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 1977-01-01
Democracy In Plural Societies written by Arend Lijphart and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977-01-01 with Social Science categories.
While it may be difficult to achieve and maintain stable democratic governments in countries with deep religious, ideological, linguistic, cultural, or ethnic cleavages, Lijphart argues that it is not at all impossible. Through the analysis of political systems in six continents, he demonstrates that what he calls consociational democracy can be successful in severely divided or plural societies. "Here, once again, Arend Lijphart is directing our attention to matters which will surely engage much of the attention of students of comparative politics in the next decade." G. Bingham Powell, Jr., American Political Science Review "A study which can speak to such a wide audience in political science deserves a warm welcome from the profession." Government and Opposition "A copybook example of the comparative method of political analysis, as well as indispensable reading for all who have an interest in the nature and prospects of representative democracy, whether in Europe or beyond."--The Times Higher Education Supplement "This well-written work, containing a wealth of information on politics of many diverse nations, is highly recommended."--Library Journal
The War For Lebanon 1970 1983
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Author : Itamar Rabinovich
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2019-06-30
The War For Lebanon 1970 1983 written by Itamar Rabinovich and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-30 with History categories.
In this timely and significant book, an eminent scholar recounts the history of modern and contemporary Lebanon-a history marked by continuing strife and tragedy. A judicious account of Lebanon's sustained domestic conflict, this book analyzes the exacerbating effects that foreign intervention and occupation have had on the Lebanese political order. Itamar Rabinovich opens with a chapter explaining the paradoxical nature of the Lebanese state. He follows the events of a particularly important twelve-year period through four distinct stages: the collapse of the Lebanese political system between 1970 and 1975; the civil war of 1975-1976; the lingering crisis of the years 1976-1982; and the war of 1982. Bringing the story up to date, he devotes a chapter and a postscript to events since September 1982. Grounding his interpretation and narrative firmly in a historical perspective, Rabinovich provides an unbiased treatment of the perceptions and intentions of the participants—a rarity in books on this subject. He sorts out the rich mix of domestic, regional, and international political figures and uses a variety of Arab and Israeli sources to clarify military moves, political ties, and diplomatic initiatives. The author offers a thorough review of the internecine rivalries between different religious groups, political factions, economic interests, and the international allies and opponents with longstanding stakes in Lebanon. His explanation of the delicate balancing and counterbalancing required of any Lebanese regime trying to establish order between these antagonistic elements helps to clarify the basic causes of the current crisis. Writing from a solid background in modern Middle Eastern studies, Rabinovich successfully delineates the interplay between Lebanon's domestic unrest and the major problems that continue to plague the Middle East.
Islamic Fundamentalism Since 1945
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Author : Beverley Milton-Edwards
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-09-11
Islamic Fundamentalism Since 1945 written by Beverley Milton-Edwards and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-11 with History categories.
Featuring a brand new examination of Islamic fundamentalism in the wake of the Arab Spring, this fully revised and updated second edition of Islamic Fundamentalism since 1945 analyzes the roots and emergence of Islamic movements in the modern world and the main thinkers that inspired them. Providing a much-needed historical overview of a fast-changing socio-political landscape, the main facets of Islamic fundamentalism are put in a global context, with a thematic debate of issues such as: - the effects of colonialism on Islam - secularism and the Islamic reaction - Islam and violence in the 9/11 era - globalization and transnational Islamist movements - Islam in the wake of the Arab Awakening Islamic Fundamentalism since 1945 provides an authoritative account of the causes and diversity of Islamic fundamentalism, a modern phenomenon which has grabbed the headlines as a grave threat to the West and a potentially revolutionary trend in the Middle East. It is a valuable resource for students and those interested in the history, effects and consequences of these Islamic movements
The Oxford Companion To Comparative Politics
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Author : Joel Krieger
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2013
The Oxford Companion To Comparative Politics written by Joel Krieger and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Political Science categories.
The two-volume Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics fills a gap in scholarship on an increasingly important field within Political Science. Comparative Politics, the discipline devoted to the politics of other countries or peoples, has been steadily gaining prominence as a field of study, allowing politics to be viewed from a wider foundation than a concentration on domestic affairs would permit. Comparativists apply various theories and concepts to analyze the similarities and differences between political units, using the results of their research to develop causalities and generalizations. Each of these theories and outcomes are thoroughly defined in the Companion, as are major resultant conclusions, those comparativists who have influenced the field in significant ways, and politicians whose administrations have shaped the evaluation of contrasting governments. Approximately 200 revised and updated articles from the Oxford Companion to Politics of the World would serve as a foundation for the set, while over 100 new entries would thoroughly examine the field in a lasting, more theoretical than current-event-based, way. New entries cover such topics as failed states, Grand Strategies, and Soft Power; important updates include such countries as China and Afghanistan and issues like Capital Punishment, Gender and Politics, and Totalitarianism. Country entries include the most significant nations to permit a focus on non time-sensitive analysis. In addition, 25 1,000-word interpretive essays by notable figures analyze the discipline, its issues and accomplishments. Collectively, entries promote deeper understanding of a field that is often elusive to non-specialists.