Contamination


Contamination
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Developments In Surface Contamination And Cleaning Fundamentals And Applied Aspects


Developments In Surface Contamination And Cleaning Fundamentals And Applied Aspects
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Author : Rajiv Kohli
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2008-01-10

Developments In Surface Contamination And Cleaning Fundamentals And Applied Aspects written by Rajiv Kohli and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-10 with Science categories.


Surface contamination is of cardinal importance in a host of technologies and industries, ranging from microelectronics to optics to automotive to biomedical. Thus, the need to understand the causes of surface contamination and their removal is very patent. Generally speaking, there are two broad categories of surface contaminants: film-type and particulates. In the world of shrinking dimensions, such as the ever-decreasing size of microelectronic devices, there is an intensified need to understand the behavior of nanoscale particles and to devise ways to remove them to an acceptable level. Particles which were functionally innocuous a few years ago are ôkiller defectsö today, with serious implications for yield and reliability of the components. This book addresses the sources, detection, characterization and removal of both kinds of contaminants, as well as ways to prevent surfaces from being contaminated. A number of techniques to monitor the level of cleanliness are also discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the behaviour of nanoscale particles. The book is amply referenced and profusely illustrated. • Excellent reference for a host of technologies and industries ranging from microelectronics to optics to automotive to biomedical. • A single source document addressing everything from the sources of contamination to their removal and prevention. • Amply referenced and profusely illustrated.



The Contamination Of The Earth


The Contamination Of The Earth
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Author : Francois Jarrige
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-11-16

The Contamination Of The Earth written by Francois Jarrige and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-16 with Nature categories.


The trajectories of pollution in global capitalism, from the toxic waste of early tanneries to the poisonous effects of pesticides in the twentieth century. Through the centuries, the march of economic progress has been accompanied by the spread of industrial pollution. As our capacities for production and our aptitude for consumption have increased, so have their byproducts--chemical contamination from fertilizers and pesticides, diesel emissions, oil spills, a vast "plastic continent" found floating in the ocean. The Contamination of the Earth offers a social and political history of industrial pollution, mapping its trajectories over three centuries, from the toxic wastes of early tanneries to the fossil fuel energy regime of the twentieth century.



Developments In Surface Contamination And Cleaning Vol 5


Developments In Surface Contamination And Cleaning Vol 5
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Author : Rajiv Kohli
language : en
Publisher: William Andrew
Release Date : 2012-11-29

Developments In Surface Contamination And Cleaning Vol 5 written by Rajiv Kohli and has been published by William Andrew this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-29 with House & Home categories.


Resumen: Surface contamination is of cardinal importance in a host of technologies and industries, ranging from microelectronics to optics to automotive to biomedical. Thus, the need to understand the causes of surface contamination and their removal is very patent. Generally speaking, there are two broad categories of surface contaminants: film-type and particulates. In the world of shrinking dimensions, such as the ever-decreasing size of microelectronic devices, there is an intensified need to understand the behavior of nanoscale particles and to devise ways to remove them to an acceptable level. Particles which were functionally innocuous a few years ago are ̥killer defects̲ today, with serious implications for yield and reliability of the components. This book addresses the sources, detection, characterization and removal of both kinds of contaminants, as well as ways to prevent surfaces from being contaminated. A number of techniques to monitor the level of cleanliness are also discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the behaviour of nanoscale particles. The book is amply referenced and profusely illustrated." Excellent reference for a host of technologies and industries ranging from microelectronics to optics to automotive to biomedical." A single source document addressing everything from the sources of contamination to their removal and prevention." Amply referenced and profusely illustrated.



Contamination Control In Practice


Contamination Control In Practice
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Author : Matts Ramstorp
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
Release Date : 2003

Contamination Control In Practice written by Matts Ramstorp and has been published by Wiley-VCH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Science categories.


Contamination control has received great interest and found increasing use within several industrial branches including microelectronics, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages using various concepts of contamination control in their production, purification or packaging process. The book supplies a holistic view of contamination control, presenting the different types of contaminants in a summarized form. The focus is on how to protect products and processes from external contamination and also on different ways to take care of and control contaminants generated in the process. The aim is to eliminate them from a product or a process flow (e.g. through filtration), or to render them harmless (e.g. through sterilisation by moist heat). Product purity or the cleanliness of process flows are often complex matters and hard to define in easily understood terms. This book covers a variety of different techniques used in order to achieve and maintain certain overall cleanliness levels for both microbiological or inanimate particle contaminants. It supplies basic knowledge including validation aspects for industrial branches working with increased demands of cleanliness, for instance water purification, steam, pressurized gases and different flows in a process together with finished products.



Health Care And Environmental Contamination


Health Care And Environmental Contamination
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2018-02-10

Health Care And Environmental Contamination written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-10 with Science categories.


Health Care and Environmental Contamination provides a comprehensive explanation of new and evolving topics in the field, including discussions on emissions from pharmaceutical manufacturing, disposal of medical wastes, inputs from sewerage systems, effects on aquatic organisms and wildlife, indirect effects on human health, antibiotic resistance, stewardship, and treatment. These important issues affect the natural environment, making this first book on the topic a must have for comprehensive, broad, and up-to-date coverage of these issues. Written by leading global researchers, scientists, and practitioners in the field Provides an engaging writing style for specialists and non-specialists Ensures a broad balance and critical overview of topics, with unbiased information from thought leaders



Trace Element Contamination Of The Environment


Trace Element Contamination Of The Environment
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Author : D. Purves
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02

Trace Element Contamination Of The Environment written by D. Purves and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.


It is hard to imagine a more concise summary of the prodigious work and voluminous publications in this field... This volume should be available to students at the undergraduate level, to those in law school, and to all seriously concerned about an extremely important problem. This review in Choice was just one of the many favourable comments that greeted the appearance of the first edition of this book when it appeared in 1977. Since then, there has been an explosion of interest in almost every aspect of research in environmental pollution. The aim of this new edition, however, remains the same i.e. to evaluate the global biological consequences of dispersal of trace elements, originally mined from localized limited deposits, in the environment. In treating the problems of metal contamination of the environment, the author considers the problems of environmental pollution involving metals and the problem of exhaustion of finite reserves of ores of metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel and zinc, as aspects of a single global problem. A broad picture is presented of the overall process of dispersal of trace elements in the environment and the biological consequences of this process are documented with the aid of an intensive list of references. The book will be invaluable as a definitive reference source covering this field of interest for a wide range of people (environmentalists and conservationists, those concerned with management of resources and waste disposal, and agricultural chemists and soil scientists.)



Introduction To Contamination Control And Cleanroom Technology


Introduction To Contamination Control And Cleanroom Technology
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Author : Matts Ramstorp
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-07-11

Introduction To Contamination Control And Cleanroom Technology written by Matts Ramstorp and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-11 with Science categories.


Contamination control is being used by more and more industries where the highest level of cleanliness and hygiene is of vital importance. This book covers the basic principles of contamination control and cleanroom technology from a holistic point of view. It deals with cleanliness and hygiene and their effects on the outcome of a process, reflecting the latest results from both scientific and practical points of view. The following topics are covered: contaminants and how they are measured cleanrooms and clean zones cleaning and decontamination cleanroom clothing the impact of people on cleanliness. Intended as an introduction to the area of contamination control, the text is also an excellent source of knowledge for people with both theoretical and practical experience. The Swedish version has been used for a long time within the Nordic countries as a basic training textbook within the pharmaceutical, microelectronics, food and beverage, optics and many other industries.



Global Contamination Trends Of Persistent Organic Chemicals


Global Contamination Trends Of Persistent Organic Chemicals
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Author : Bommanna G. Loganathan
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2011-08-09

Global Contamination Trends Of Persistent Organic Chemicals written by Bommanna G. Loganathan and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-09 with Science categories.


Environmental pollution by man-made persistent organic chemicals (POCs) has been a serious global issue for over half a century. POCs are prevalent in air, water, soil, and organisms including wildlife and humans throughout the world. They do not degrade and cause long-term effect in organisms. Exposure to certain POCs may result in serious environmental and health effects including birth defects, diminished intelligence and certain types of cancers. Therefore, POCs have been the subject of an intensive regional, national and international effort to limit their production, use, and disposal of these chemical stocks. Trend monitoring studies are essential to make clear the behavior and fate of these compounds and to protect our environment and living resources. Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals provides comprehensive coverage of spatial and temporal trends of classical and emerging contaminants in aquatic, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems, including the Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems. Compiled by an international group of experts, this volume covers: Spatial and temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/DFs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), synthetic musks, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and octyl- and nonylphenols Environmental and biological matrices used for the trend studies were atmosphere, water, soil, sediment, bivalve mollusks, fish, marine mammals, terrestrial mammals, and human breast milk Spatial and temporal trend studies presented from Australia, Brazil, China, Estonia, Ghana, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Norway, Poland, Sweden, the United States, coastal and open ocean environments, and the Arctic and Antarctic regions POCs have been the subject of an intensive regional, national, and international effort to limit their production and use, and to mitigate the disposal of these chemicals. Since POCs are prevalent in air, water, soil, and tissues of organisms (including wildlife and humans) throughout the world and do not degrade, they cause long-term effects in organisms. Trend monitoring studies are essential to make clear the behavior and fate of these compounds and to protect our environment and living resources. Relevant to professionals and students alike, Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals facilitates the understanding of environmental and biological behavior of these chemicals and the development of strategies for protecting the global environment for future generations.



Developments In Surface Contamination And Cleaning Types Of Contamination And Contamination Resources


Developments In Surface Contamination And Cleaning Types Of Contamination And Contamination Resources
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Author : Rajiv Kohli
language : en
Publisher: William Andrew
Release Date : 2016-11-21

Developments In Surface Contamination And Cleaning Types Of Contamination And Contamination Resources written by Rajiv Kohli and has been published by William Andrew this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.


Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning, Volume Ten, provides a state-of-the-art guide to the current knowledge on the behavior of film-type and particulate surface contaminants and their cleaning methods. This newest volume in the series discusses mechanisms of particle adhesion, particle behavior in liquid systems, and metallic contamination and its impact. In addition, the book includes a discussion of the types of contaminants, with resources to deal with them and information on environmental issues related to surface contamination and cleaning. Taken as a whole, the series forms a unique reference for professionals and academics working in the area of surface contamination and cleaning that also includes information on cleaning at the micro and nano scales. Written by established experts in the contamination field that provide an authoritative resource Presents a comprehensive review of new trends in contaminants and resources for dealing with those contaminants Contains detailed case studies to illustrate various scenarios



Residue Reviews


Residue Reviews
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Author : Francis A. Gunther
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Residue Reviews written by Francis A. Gunther and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.


Worldwide concern in scientific, industrial, and governmental com munities over traces of toxic chemicals in foodstuffs and in both abiotic and biotic environments has justified the present triumvirate of specialized publications in this field: comprehensive reviews, rapidly published progress reports, and archival documentations. These three publications are integrated and scheduled to provide in international communication the coherency essential for nonduplicative and current progress in a field as dynamic and complex as environmental contamination and toxicology. Until now there has been no journal or other publication series reserved exclusively for the diversified literature on "toxic" chemicals in our foods, our feeds, our geographical surroundings, our domestic animals, our wild life, and ourselves. Around the world immense efforts and many talents have been mobilized to technical and other evaluations of natures, locales, magnitudes, fates, and toxicology of the persisting residues of these chemicals loosed upon the world. Among the sequelae of this broad new emphasis has been an inescapable need for an articulated set of authorita tive publications where one could expect to find the latest important world literature produced by this emerging area of science together with documentation of pertinent ancillary legislation.