Contributions To The Development And Validation Of Fmri Based Biomarkers For Drug Discovery In Social Anxiety Disorder
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Contributions To The Development And Validation Of Fmri Based Biomarkers For Drug Discovery In Social Anxiety Disorder
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Author : Héctor Ortiz València
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Contributions To The Development And Validation Of Fmri Based Biomarkers For Drug Discovery In Social Anxiety Disorder written by Héctor Ortiz València and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
This document presents the theoretical background and experimental work made to develop and validate a set of experiments based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These experiments are aimed to demonstrate that fMRI can be a valuable tool to objectivize drug treatment response in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) patients. Functional MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique which provides localized indicators of brain activity. The analysis of fMRI data has recently facilitated neuroscience to make a leap forward in the understanding of the human brain. Psychiatric clinical research, however, hasn't fully embraced yet the potential of fMRI. In parallel, the societal costs of new psychiatric drug discovery are reaching unbearable limits. It has been hypothesized that the addition of fMRI in clinical trials of pharmacologic treatments of SAD can provide new biomarkers of treatment response which, in the future, shall reduce the temporal and economic burden of drug discovery. Five studies are presented in this dissertation in an evolving path towards the validation of the hypothesis. In study 1, a widely validated state-of-the-art emotional face processing paradigm was piloted in a non-clinical sample. Task related activations were in line with the findings previously reported in the literature. However, the results of experiment did not show a correlation with symptom severity. An additional exploratory psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed that the relationship between two emotion-processing areas had a significant correlation with SAD symptom severity. This emphasized the potential value of studies based on functional connectivity for our objectives. Study 2 explored the reproducibility of connectivity analysis of fMRI data. To do so, a brain network was selected and explored with Independent Component Analysis (ICA) on data collected from three categorically differentiated paradigms: A resting task, a moral dilemma task and in a cognitive-challenging Stroop task. The selected network was systematically identified in the three cases, exemplifying the robustness of the technique in three extreme cases. Study 3 explores the sensitivity of ICA by analyzing resting-state data acquired before and after an experimental induction of sad mood. Multiple regions reflected changes in their intranetwork connectivity after sad mood induction. Results were validated using a split-half re-analysis and confirmatory seed-based functional connectivity measurements. These results support the idea that spatial ICA of fMRI is not only reliable, but also a sensitive paradigm. Study 4 presents a novel SAD symptom-provoking paradigm that was validated on SAD patients and controls. The analysis of this pilot revealed a striking non-linear relationship between task activation and social anxiety scores. This non-linear relationship is compatible with some of the divergences found in literature regarding the alteration of emotional regulation brain areas in SAD. Study 5 presents the results of a small placebo-controlled clinical trial using a common treatment for SAD (paroxetine) in SAD patients. Subjects underwent the emotional face processing, the symptom-provoking and resting state tasks that were administered and analyzed following the experience obtained in studies 1 to 4. The selected fMRI paradigms and analysis methods showed significant sensitivity to the effects of paroxetine treatment on SAD. Treatment effects were identified in areas related to the processing of fear stress and anxiety, which are known to be altered in SAD. Remarkably, ICA revealed sensitivity to pharmacologically-induced clinical improvement in the same areas and direction than the symptom-provocation task. Along with the evidences reported in the literature review, the methods and results obtained throughout this dissertation provide a proof of concept on the usage of fMRI as a biomarker for SAD pharmacologic research.
Personalized Psychiatry
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Author : Bernhard Baune
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-10-16
Personalized Psychiatry written by Bernhard Baune and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-16 with Medical categories.
Personalized Psychiatry presents the first book to explore this novel field of biological psychiatry that covers both basic science research and its translational applications. The book conceptualizes personalized psychiatry and provides state-of-the-art knowledge on biological and neuroscience methodologies, all while integrating clinical phenomenology relevant to personalized psychiatry and discussing important principles and potential models. It is essential reading for advanced students and neuroscience and psychiatry researchers who are investigating the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Combines neurobiology with basic science methodologies in genomics, epigenomics and transcriptomics Demonstrates how the statistical modeling of interacting biological and clinical information could transform the future of psychiatry Addresses fundamental questions and requirements for personalized psychiatry from a basic research and translational perspective
The Migraine Brain
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Author : David Borsook
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2012-07-26
The Migraine Brain written by David Borsook and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-26 with Health & Fitness categories.
The Migraine Brain provides a general overview of the history of migraine, its pathophysiology, as well as in-depth details on the Clinical Perspectives and the different imaging techniques in use (MR, fMRI, DTI, VBM, PET, fMRI, and MEG). It also includes details on modulation of the brain using such techniques as TMS. The book concludes with a discussion of future uses of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of migraines and other headaches.
Neuroimaging Of Pain
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Author : Luca Saba
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-08
Neuroimaging Of Pain written by Luca Saba and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-08 with Medical categories.
Authored by world renowned scientists, this book expertly reviews all the imaging techniques and exciting new methods for the analysis of the pain, including novel tracers, biomarker, metabolomic and gene-array profiling, together with cellular, genetic, and molecular approaches. Recent advances in human brain imaging techniques have allowed a better understand of the functional connectivity in pain pathways, as well as the functional and anatomical alterations that occur in chronic pain patients. Modern imaging techniques have permitted rapid progress in the understanding of networks in the brain related to pain processing and those related to different types of pain modulation. Neuroimaging of Pain is designed to be a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, neurologists and neuroscientists, working in hospitals and universities from junior trainees to consultants.
Fmri Neurofeedback
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Author : Michelle Hampson
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-10-09
Fmri Neurofeedback written by Michelle Hampson and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-09 with Computers categories.
fMRI Neurofeedback provides a perspective on how the field of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback has evolved, an introduction to state-of-the-art methods used for fMRI neurofeedback, a review of published neuroscientific and clinical applications, and a discussion of relevant ethical considerations. It gives a view of the ongoing research challenges throughout and provides guidance for researchers new to the field on the practical implementation and design of fMRI neurofeedback protocols. This book is designed to be accessible to all scientists and clinicians interested in conducting fMRI neurofeedback research, addressing the variety of different knowledge gaps that readers may have given their varied backgrounds and avoiding field-specific jargon. The book, therefore, will be suitable for engineers, computer scientists, neuroscientists, psychologists, and physicians working in fMRI neurofeedback. Provides a reference on fMRI neurofeedback covering history, methods, mechanisms, clinical applications, and basic research, as well as ethical considerations Offers contributions from international experts—leading research groups are represented, including from Europe, Japan, Israel, and the United States Includes coverage of data analytic methods, study design, neuroscience mechanisms, and clinical considerations Presents a perspective on future translational development
Neuroimaging In Psychiatry
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Author : Cynthia H. Y. Fu
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-09-26
Neuroimaging In Psychiatry written by Cynthia H. Y. Fu and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-26 with Medical categories.
New neuroimaging techniques are developing at a break neck pace-every academic journal contains glossy pictures of brain activity corresponding to a particular task emblazoned in glorious technicolor. Discoveries about brain function in psychiatric disorders have been made at an equally rapid rate. However, most books on the subject have been written from a technical point of view. An introductory, easy-to-read guide, Neuroimaging in Psychiatry provides an overview and the clinical relevance of the latest neuroimaging findings. With contributions from an international panel of experts, this book reviews current findings from neuroimaging in schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, eating disorders, psychopathy, aging, and drug addiction. Chapter authors explore innovative and imaginative uses of neuro imaging technology, implications for our understanding of these disorders, and their impact on clinical practice. The book gives you a general overview of the main techniques to help you successfully complete a neuroimaging project.
The Neuropsychology Of Autism
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Author : Deborah Fein
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-06-09
The Neuropsychology Of Autism written by Deborah Fein and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-09 with Psychology categories.
The Neuropsychology of Autism provides an up-to-date summary on the neuropsychology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), written by leaders in the field. It summarizes current knowledge about neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, genetics, and clinical presentations and provides helpful discussions on key functions such as language, memory, attention, executive functions, social cognition, motor and sensory functioning.
Preventing Bullying Through Science Policy And Practice
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-09-14
Preventing Bullying Through Science Policy And Practice written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-14 with Law categories.
Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.
Neuroimaging In Developmental Clinical Neuroscience
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Author : Judith M. Rumsey
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-02-19
Neuroimaging In Developmental Clinical Neuroscience written by Judith M. Rumsey and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-19 with Medical categories.
Modern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Handbook Of Mri Pulse Sequences
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Author : Matt A. Bernstein
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2004-09-21
Handbook Of Mri Pulse Sequences written by Matt A. Bernstein and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09-21 with Mathematics categories.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is among the most important medical imaging techniques available today. There is an installed base of approximately 15,000 MRI scanners worldwide. Each of these scanners is capable of running many different "pulse sequences", which are governed by physics and engineering principles, and implemented by software programs that control the MRI hardware. To utilize an MRI scanner to the fullest extent, a conceptual understanding of its pulse sequences is crucial. Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences offers a complete guide that can help the scientists, engineers, clinicians, and technologists in the field of MRI understand and better employ their scanner. Explains pulse sequences, their components, and the associated image reconstruction methods commonly used in MRI Provides self-contained sections for individual techniques Can be used as a quick reference guide or as a resource for deeper study Includes both non-mathematical and mathematical descriptions Contains numerous figures, tables, references, and worked example problems