Corrosion Studies In Brines Of The Salton Sea Geothermal Field
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Corrosion Studies In Brines Of The Salton Sea Geothermal Field
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Author : United States. Bureau of Mines
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Corrosion Studies In Brines Of The Salton Sea Geothermal Field written by United States. Bureau of Mines and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Corrosion and anti-corrosives categories.
Corrosion Studies In Brines Of The Salton Sea Geothermal Field
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Author : John P. Carter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Corrosion Studies In Brines Of The Salton Sea Geothermal Field written by John P. Carter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.
Corrosion Studies In Brines Of The Salton Sea Geothermal Field
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Corrosion Studies In Brines Of The Salton Sea Geothermal Field written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.
Toward the goal of maximizing minerals and metals recovery from domestic resources, the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, has conducted in situ corrosion studies at the Salton Sea Known Geothermal Resources Area (KGRA) in the Imperial Valley, Calif., to evaluate and characterize materials of construction for geothermal resources recovery plants. General-, pitting, and crevice-corrosion characteristics of 13 commercially available alloys were investigated for periods of 15 and 30 days in seven process environments expected to be found in typical geothermal resources plants. Stainless steel alloy 29-4, Inconel 625, and the Hastelloys G, S, and C-276 were the most resistant to general corrosion, did not pit, and exhibited little susceptibility to crevice corrosion. Stainless steel alloys 430, E-Brite 26-1, and 6X had low general corrosion rates, but pitted and were susceptible to crevice corrosion. Stainless steel alloy 316 L had a low corrosion rate, but corroded intergranularly, pitted, and was susceptible to crevice corrosion and to stress-corrosion cracking. Titanium--1.5 nickel and TiCode-12 had low corrosion rates, did not pit, and were not susceptible to crevice corrosion. Carbon and 4130 steels had high corrosion rates, pitted, and had high susceptibilities to crevice corrosion. The major scale-forming mineral on the corrosion samples in most of the process environments studied was galena mixed with lesser amounts of other minerals.
Brine Chemistry
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Author : Michael R. Hoffmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Brine Chemistry written by Michael R. Hoffmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Geothermal engineering categories.
Corrosion In Geothermal Brines Of The Salton Sea Known Geothermal Resource Area
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Author : JP. Carter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Corrosion In Geothermal Brines Of The Salton Sea Known Geothermal Resource Area written by JP. Carter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Alloys categories.
Corrosion research is being conducted by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, to determine suitable construction materials for geothermal resource recovery plants. High chromium-molybdenum iron-base alloys, nickel-base and titanium-base alloys, and a titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy (TZM) exhibited good resistance to general, crevice, pitting, and weld corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in laboratory tests in deaerated brines of the Salton Sea known geothermal resource area (KGRA) type at 232°C and in brine containing dissolved carbon dioxide and methane. Only titanium-base alloys were resistant to corrosion in oxygenated Salton Sea KGRA-type brine. Copper adversely affected the resistance to general corrosion of low-alloy steels in deaerated brine, whereas chromium, nickel, silicon, and titanium improved it. Carbon steel, Type 4130 steel, and Types 410 and 430 stainless steels exhibited poor corrosion resistance in field tests in five brine and steam process streams produced from geothermal well Magmamax No. 1. These alloys were highly susceptible to pitting and crevice corrosion. General corrosion rates were high for the carbon and Type 4130 steels.
Brine Chemistry
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Brine Chemistry written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with categories.
The purpose of this report is to recommend a reasonable program of brine chemistry research that will result in the development of methods for predicting and controlling scale deposition, and in guidelines for the selection of corrosion-resistant construction materials. First, background information, which is necessary for the understanding of the problems of scaling and corrosion in the Salton Sea KGRA, is presented through a review of the history of geothermal exploration and development in the Salton Sea. Second, literature relevant to the geochemistry of the Salton Sea field is reviewed and important results are emphasized. Third, current research efforts directed toward actual power plant construction are summarized and evaluated. Fourth, research which has been proposed but is not currently funded is discussed. Fifth, because silica scaling has been the most troublesome problem in the past, the basic chemistry of silica and its relationship to scaling is discussed. Sixth, recommendations for future research are made in which a fundamental engineering approach is emphasized. In this approach, experiments would be conducted on actual process equipment and detailed chemical analyses would be performed on site in well-equipped field laboratories. 88 references.
Studies On The Corrosion Susceptibility Of Various Materials In A Simulated Geothermal Brine
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Author : Richard Bernard Davis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Studies On The Corrosion Susceptibility Of Various Materials In A Simulated Geothermal Brine written by Richard Bernard Davis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with categories.
Materials Of Construction For High Salinity Geothermal Brines
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Author : John P. Carter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Materials Of Construction For High Salinity Geothermal Brines written by John P. Carter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Corrosion and anti-corrosives categories.
Scaling In Both High And Low Salinity Brines
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Scaling In Both High And Low Salinity Brines written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with categories.
The Bureau of Mines is involved in the nation's geothermal program from two different points of view. One is the conservation of the nation's mineral resources through the development of corrosion resistant materials. The other is to develop new mineral resource recovery techniques applicable to the hydrothermal waters of the Imperial Valley. This paper reports ''engineering'' observations made during the field operations in the Imperial Valley during 1974, 1975, and 1976. The interest in the scaling phenomena is directed only to (1) its interference with the corrosion studies, and (2) the possible role that it may play in any minerals recovery technique. The work reported here consists of chemical, structural and thermodynamic analyses of scales obtained from wells on the Salton Sea geothermal field and on the East Mesa geothermal field. In some cases there is little reliable information on the well operating parameters (flow rates, time, temperature, pressure or ''correct'' chemistry) for which the scales were obtained. For other cases, particularly for the 1975 operation of Mesa 6-1 and for the 1976 operation of Magmamax No. 1, there is at least the beginnings of some semblance of reliable background information.
Using Salton Sea Geothermal Brines For Electrical Power
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Using Salton Sea Geothermal Brines For Electrical Power written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.
Geothermal energy development research at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory through 1976 has been aimed at solving the problems associated with the use of high-temperature, high-salinity brines found in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field for their practical conversion to electrical energy. Specifically, part of the program has been oriented toward solving the problems of scale and solids deposition and corrosion of system components that are exposed to the highly mineralized brines. Brine acidification was found to be a promising method for controlling scale and solids deposition. Titanium, zirconium, and chromium-molybdenum alloys were shown to be the best economical corrosion-resistant materials for use in various parts of a total-flow turbine system. Scale and solids control and materials tests for conversion systems based on brine flashing are currently being evaluated. Some initial results and test plans are discussed.
