Costs Of Sequestering Carbon Through Tree Planting And Forest Management In The United States
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Costs Of Sequestering Carbon Through Tree Planting And Forest Management In The United States
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Author : Robert James Moulton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Costs Of Sequestering Carbon Through Tree Planting And Forest Management In The United States written by Robert James Moulton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Air categories.
Costs Of Sequestering Carbon Through Tree Planting And Forest Management In The United States
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Costs Of Sequestering Carbon Through Tree Planting And Forest Management In The United States written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.
Costs Of Sequestering Carbon Through Tree Planting And Forest Management In The United States
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Author : Robert J. Moulton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Costs Of Sequestering Carbon Through Tree Planting And Forest Management In The United States written by Robert J. Moulton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Air categories.
Economics Of Carbon Sequestration In Forestry
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Author : Terry J. Logan
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-08-26
Economics Of Carbon Sequestration In Forestry written by Terry J. Logan and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-26 with Science categories.
Since the 1992 Earth Summit, there have been increased efforts on an international scale to address global climate change. Reducing the increased levels of CO2 and other "greenhouse gases," which are believed to be contributing to this climatic change, will require major effort on the part of the world's governments. This means that the environmental, economic, social, and political consequences of climate change must be understood, and that strategies to mitigate climate change must also address these issues. The workshop detailed in this book concentrated on how economic principles and analysis could contribute to the planning of forestry projects aimed at affecting terrestrial carbon balances. More than 30 international scientists came together for one week near Stockholm, Sweden and divided into working groups charged with addressing a specific issue and preparing a paper within this time frame. This book contains the majority of papers presented at this meeting, and includes both the working group papers and the individually presented papers.
Carbon Sequestration In Forests
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Author : Ross W. Gorte
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2009
Carbon Sequestration In Forests written by Ross W. Gorte and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Contents: (1) Background: Congressional Interest in Carbon Sequestration; (2) Carbon Cycling in Forests: The Forest Cycle; Forest Types: Tropical Forests; Temperate Forests; Boreal Forests; (3) Measuring and Altering Forest Carbon Levels: Forest Carbon Accounting; Land Use Changes; Forestry Events and Management Activities: Vegetation and Soil Carbon; Forest Events ¿ Wildfires; Forestry Practices; Wood Energy; Leakage: Land Use Leakage; Product Demand Leakage; Federal Government Programs: Federal Forests; Federal Assistance for State and Private Forestry; Federal Tax Expenditures; Federal Programs Affecting Land Use; Accounting for Forest Carbon Sequestration; (4) Conclusions. Table.
Measuring Costs Of Sequestering Carbon In Forest Stands With Different Management Regimes In Western Oregon
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Author : Olga A. Zyrina
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Measuring Costs Of Sequestering Carbon In Forest Stands With Different Management Regimes In Western Oregon written by Olga A. Zyrina and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) categories.
This project was a part of larger work that compared major factors controlling patterns of carbon dynamics in two regions of the globe, the Pacific Northwest, USA and northwestern Russia. It was funded through the NASA foundation (grant # NAG5- 6242). Human economic activity is causing the release of pollutants such as carbon dioxide. The increased concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is thought to cause greenhouse effect, in other words - the warming of the earth and lower atmosphere. Different methods are proposed to reduce concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. Some involve development of more clean technologies. Some involve reductions in the use of fossil fuels. Another possibility is to store carbon (C) as live biomass. Plants use C for growth and development. Using forests to sequester C is one strategy for mitigating effects of GHG emissions. There are many methods in forestry to grow trees and produce wood products. Some of them include clearcutting, thinning, fertilizing, burning, and partial cutting. This project had three purposes. First, was to investigate the effect of a wide variety of silvicultural treatments on C storage and the economic value of harvested forest products. We measured economic value as soil expectation value. Second, was to use Data Envelopment Analysis to determine the efficient set of treatments, which make up the Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) in terms of C and economic value. Third, was to use the PPF to measure the marginal cost of carbon storage in moving from high SEV and relatively low C storage to lower SEV and relatively high C storage. C storage and timber harvest were simulated using the STANDCARB model for forest types common in north-western Oregon with two tree species, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla). Fifty silvicultural regimes were investigated. They included clearcutting with rotations of 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, and 150. Each of the six rotation ages had eight combinations of silvicultural treatments consisting of artificial and natural regeneration, growth enhancement (GE) and thinning. Two partial cutting regimes: group selection and single-tree selection were also used in the analysis. C storage was calculated for every output year of each model run as a sum of live, dead, and stable C.C storage for each silvicultural regime was measured as the average over five full rotations from the steady state portion of the run. The analysis showed that average C increases with rotation age from 335.99 MgC/ha with 50-year rotation with natural regeneration and thinning to 826.36 MgCIha with 150-year rotation with artificial regeneration and GE. The use of artificial regeneration compared to natural regeneration gave a 20-30 MgC/ha improvement for all regimes. The total harvest from thinning and clearcutting over the rotation period averaged for several runs varied from 505.34 m3/ha (with 50-year rotation no treatment) to 1782.24 m3/ha (with 150-year rotation with GE and thinning) The use of artificial compared to natural regeneration gave a 20-50 m3/ha increase in harvest for all regimes. SEV is the present value of net revenues from perpetually growing tree crops following the specified regime. It measures the economic value of each regime. Generally, SEV has a negative correlation with rotation length. Using a 3.5 percent real discount rate, the maximum SEV ($7904.3/hectare) was obtained from 50-year rotation with artificial regeneration, GE and thinning In contrast, SEV for 130-year rotation with artificial regeneration was only $446.68/hectare. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (OnFront software) we found that 8 of the 50 regimes investigated were efficient in their ability to store C and produce economic value. The efficient regimes included 50, 110, 130 and 150-year rotations with artificial regeneration, GE and thinning; 110, 130 and 150-year rotations with natural regeneration, GE and thinning, and the 150-year rotation with natural regeneration and GE. When regimes with GE were excluded, we found 7 efficient regimes: 50 and 150-year rotations with artificial regeneration and thinning, 50, 110, 130 and 150-year rotations with natural regeneration and thinning, and the 150-year rotation with natural regeneration. The marginal cost of C storage is the SEV lost per unit of C due to change in silvicultural regimes that results in increase of average C stored. Marginal cost analysis indicated that marginal cost values were similar for regimes with GE and without. As C storage increased, the marginal cost generally increased. The increase in C storage from 428 MgC/ha to 589 MgC/ha implied a marginal cost of $13.28IMgC. In case of increasing C storage from 683 MgC/ha to 802.7 MgC/ha, the marginal cost would increase to $32.79JMgC.
New Cost Estimates For Carbon Sequestration Through Afforestation In The United States
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Author : Anne Sofie Elberg Nielsen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-06-19
New Cost Estimates For Carbon Sequestration Through Afforestation In The United States written by Anne Sofie Elberg Nielsen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-19 with Afforestation categories.
This report identifies all components of the cost estimates for carbon sequestration through afforestation. They have five distinguishing features: (1) they estimate costs for each county in the contiguous U.S.; (2) they include afforestation of rangeland, in addition to cropland and pasture; (3) the opportunity cost estimates account for capitalized returns to future development (including associated option values) in addition to returns to agricultural production; (4) they develop a new set of forest establishment costs for each county; and (5) they incorporate data on Holdridge life zones to limit afforestation in locations where temperature and moisture availability prohibit forest growth. The authors find that at a carbon price of $50/ton, approx. 200 million tons of carbon would be sequestered annually through afforestation. At a price of $100/ton, an additional 100 million tons of carbon would be sequestered each year. Figures. This is a print on demand report.
Minding The Carbon Store
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Author : Mark C. Trexler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Minding The Carbon Store written by Mark C. Trexler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Nature categories.
Three Essays On Private Landowners Response To Incentives For Carbon Sequestration Through Forest Management And Afforestation
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Author : Taeyoung Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Three Essays On Private Landowners Response To Incentives For Carbon Sequestration Through Forest Management And Afforestation written by Taeyoung Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Afforestation categories.
This dissertation consists of three essays on private landowners' response to incentives for carbon sequestration in forests. The first essay examines private landowner response to incentives for carbon sequestration through various combinations of intermediate management practices. The second essay focuses on agricultural landowners' willingness to participate in an incentive program for carbon sequestration through afforestation, and estimates the potential for carbon sequestration from afforestation, as well as its cost. The third study examines relative performances of incentive targeting strategies for forest carbon sequestration under asymmetric information given spatially heterogeneous land types. The first essay uses an econometric approach to analyze the factors affecting non-industrial private forest landowners' choice of forest management practices, and examines how these choices might change in response to the use of incentives for carbon sequestration. I use estimated parameters to simulate the carbon sequestration potential for different combinations of management practices, and compare the effectiveness and costs of performance-based and practice-based incentive payment schemes in the Western U.S. The results suggest that incentive payments can increase the probability that desirable combinations of management practices are adopted, and particularly that incentives targeting increased fertilization yield the highest carbon sequestration potential. I also find that a performance-based payment scheme produces higher carbon sequestration than a practice-based payments scheme. However, the annual sequestration potential of intermediate forest management in response to incentive payment is not as large as the sequestration potential of afforestation. The second essay uses a survey-based stated preference approach to predict landowners' willingness to participate in a tree planting program for carbon sequestration as a function of various factors affecting landowners' decision making and different levels of incentive payments. The estimation results show that the annual payment for carbon sequestration significantly and positively affects landowners' stated level of enrollment in a tree planting program. I use the estimated parameters to conduct regional level simulations of carbon sequestration in response to incentive payments. These simulations show that the carbon supply function in the Pacific Northwest region is steeper than in the Southeast region because of the lower adoption rate and less available lands. The national level carbon supply functions derived from this study are steeper than those obtained from bottom-up engineering approaches and optimization models, and are in the same range as those from revealed preference approach studies. The third essay uses both a conceptual analysis and a numerical analysis to examine the relative performances of incentive programs for carbon sequestration using alternative targeting criteria in the presence of asymmetric information and heterogeneity in costs and benefits. The results show that in the presence of asymmetric information, the combination of high cost-high benefit variability and negative correlation, which is the combination that achieves the greatest benefit gains under perfect information, can result in the greatest benefit losses. Additionally, a comparison of two targeting schemes shows that if cost variability is greater than benefit variability with negative correlation, the benefit achieved under benefit-cost ratio targeting can be lower than that under acreage targeting, so that an optimal targeting strategy under perfect information may no longer be optimal under asymmetric information.
Climate Change Carbon And Forestry In Northwestern North America
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Author : David Lawrence Peterson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Climate Change Carbon And Forestry In Northwestern North America written by David Lawrence Peterson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Carbon sequestration categories.
Interactions between forests, climatic change and the Earths carbon cycle are complex and represent a challenge for forest managers they are integral to the sustainable management of forests. In this volume, a number of papers are presented that describe some of the complex relationships between climate, the global carbon cycle and forests. Research has demonstrated that these are closely connected, such that changes in one have an influence not only on the other two, but also on their linkages. Climatic change represents a considerable threat to forest management in the current static paradigm. However, carbon sequestration issues offer opportunities for new techniques and strategies, and those able to adapt their management to this changing situation are likely to benefit. Such changes are already underway in countries such as Australia and Costa Rica, but it will probably take much longer for the forestry sector in the Pacific Northwest region of North America (encompassing Oregon, Washington, Montana, Idaho, British Columbia and Alaska) to change their current practices.