Das Osmanische Reich Und Seine Minderheiten Der Konomische Wandel Im 19 Jahrhundert
DOWNLOAD
Download Das Osmanische Reich Und Seine Minderheiten Der Konomische Wandel Im 19 Jahrhundert PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Das Osmanische Reich Und Seine Minderheiten Der Konomische Wandel Im 19 Jahrhundert book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Das Osmanische Reich Und Seine Minderheiten Der Konomische Wandel Im 19 Jahrhundert
DOWNLOAD
Author : Safak Kirkkanat
language : de
Publisher: diplom.de
Release Date : 2015-02-01
Das Osmanische Reich Und Seine Minderheiten Der Konomische Wandel Im 19 Jahrhundert written by Safak Kirkkanat and has been published by diplom.de this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-01 with Social Science categories.
Das Osmanische Reich bestand von 1299 bis 1923 und war damit eines der langlebigsten Imperien der Geschichte. Es erstreckte sich, auf dem Höhepunkt seiner Macht, auf drei Kontinenten einschließlich des Balkans, des Maghrebs, Kleinasiens und des Nahen Ostens. Folglich war es in seiner ethnischen Zusammensetzung ein Vielvölkerstaat und hatte dabei enge wirtschaftliche und politische Beziehungen zu anderen europäischen Mächten. Um die wirtschaftlichen bzw. ökonomischen Beziehungen zu analysieren, ist es unumgänglich, die Tätigkeiten und Handelsbeziehungen der christlichen und jüdischen Minderheiten im Reich zu betrachten. So waren die osmanischen Minderheiten vor allem als Steuerpächter und im internationalen Handel erfolgreich, während die muslimischen Kaufleute den Binnenhandel dominierten. Es bestand bis ins 18. Jh. ein gewisses Gleichgewicht zwischen den muslimischen und den nicht-muslimischen Handelsaktivitäten. Erst im 19. Jh. hatten die Nicht-Muslime des Osmanischen Reiches einen enormen wirtschaftlichen Vorteil gegenüber der muslimischen Mehrheit erlangt. Diese Vorteile resultierten aus der Rechtswahl, die den Minderheiten aus dem islamischen Rechtspluralismus entstanden. Durch das Millet-System hatten die einzelnen Konfessionen ihre eigene Gerichtsbarkeit. Bis ins 18. Jh. übten die Minderheiten dennoch ihr Wahlrecht bezüglich ihrer wirtschaftlichen Angelegenheiten zugunsten des islamischen Rechtssystems aus. Die Folge war, dass sich die konfessionellen Gerichte der Nicht-Muslime an die islamische Rechtspraxis anglichen. Durch die organisatorische Stagnation der Region erwuchsen auch den Minderheiten erhebliche ökonomische Nachteile. Keine der konfessionellen Gruppen konnte fortschrittliche Organisationen entwickeln. Als jedoch die westeuropäischen Staaten im 19. Jh. durch ihre organisatorischen Institutionen endgültig den Nahen Osten dominierten, entstanden für die christlichen und jüdischen Minderheiten neue Möglichkeiten ihren Handel zu organisieren. Sie wurden zu Protegés der europäischen Mächte und stellten sich unter Ihren Schutz. Ihre Rechtswahl übten sie nun zugunsten der westlichen Rechtssysteme aus. Dadurch konnten sie ihre Handelsnetzwerke im Westen ausbauen und große bzw. komplexe Unternehmen nach westlichem Vorbild gründen.
The German Empire 1871 1918
DOWNLOAD
Author : Hans-Ulrich Wehler
language : en
Publisher: Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, UK ; Dover, N.H. : Berg Publishers
Release Date : 1985-03
The German Empire 1871 1918 written by Hans-Ulrich Wehler and has been published by Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, UK ; Dover, N.H. : Berg Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985-03 with History categories.
In the wake of the Fischer Controversy on the origins of World War I there emerged in West Germany a younger generation of historians who took a critical 'revisionist' view of the Bismarckian Empire and began to analyze the political development of the Hohenzollern monarchy against the background of the country's social and economic power structures. Professor Wehler became one of the most prominent exponents of this approach and his structural analysis of the 'Kaiserreich' created a considerable stir when it was first published. It has since, with its incisive and rigorous analysis, become a classic in the field.
A History Of Palestine
DOWNLOAD
Author : Gudrun Krämer
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2011-02-22
A History Of Palestine written by Gudrun Krämer and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-22 with History categories.
Krämer focuses on patterns of interaction amongst Jews and Arabs (Muslim as well as Christian) in Palestine, an interaction that deeply affected the economic, political, social, and cultural evolution of both communities under Ottoman and British rule.
The General Crisis Of The Seventeenth Century
DOWNLOAD
Author : Geoffrey Parker
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2005-08-12
The General Crisis Of The Seventeenth Century written by Geoffrey Parker and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-12 with History categories.
Containing fresh research and new perspectives, this volume of important essays brings up to date the debate about the theory of a 'General Crisis' in the seventeenth century, and proves essential reading for a clear understanding of the period.
Through Muslim Eyes
DOWNLOAD
Author : Emad Eldin Shahin
language : en
Publisher: International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT)
Release Date : 1993-01-01
Through Muslim Eyes written by Emad Eldin Shahin and has been published by International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-01-01 with Europe categories.
When Western influences began to pervade the Muslim world over a century ago, intense and rapid changes occurred in almost every sphere of Muslim life. The encounter with the West profoundly influenced Arab and Muslim intellectuals and led them to compare their stagnant condition with that of the more dynamic West. Questions arose: What were the secrets behind the West’s ascendancy and the reasons for the East’s decline? How could the East be revived? Could it reconcile the prevailing values in the East with those of the West? In spite of its brevity, this book offers the reader a fascinating study of how one of the century’s most important Muslim thinkers dealt with the ideas and institutions of the West. While Rida’s intellectual odyssey ran from guarded admiration of the West to contempt for its hypocrisy and even to calls for open rebellion, what is important to note is that his foremost concern was with values and ideas, in the tradition of the hadith which states that wisdom is like the believer’s lost camel, it is his to mount regardless of where he may find it. Thus, while Rida could hardly have endorsed the colonial policies of a Bismarck, for example, he nonetheless admired the man’s thinking in regard to education. Through the efforts of Muhammad Rashid Rida an entire generation of Muslim intellectuals was brought face to face with the thought of several of the West’s most important writers and social philosophers. Finally, though the inhumanity of the battlefield may have convinced Rida that Western politics were about the cynical exercise of power, the humanity of the West’s thinkers remained the standard by which he judged the West in general.
Staatslexikon
DOWNLOAD
Author : Görres-Gesellschaft
language : de
Publisher: Verlag Herder GmbH
Release Date : 2019-06-05
Staatslexikon written by Görres-Gesellschaft and has been published by Verlag Herder GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-05 with Political Science categories.
Mit etwa 2000 Beiträgen bietet die 8. Auflage des Staatslexikons tiefgehende Information und Orientierung zu den zentralen Aspekten gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens, wirtschaftlichen Wirkens, politischen Entscheidens und staatlichen Handelns. Das Werk vermittelt seinen Lesern umfassende Informationen, die über rein lexikalische Klärungen von Begrifflichkeiten deutlich hinausgehen. Sorgfältig ausgewählte Literaturhinweise erlauben dem Interessierten zudem weitere Vertiefung. Die 8. Auflage wurde neu konzipiert und den Anforderungen der heutigen Informationsgesellschaft angepasst. Sie präsentiert eine große Bandbreite akademischer Disziplinen: von Rechtswissenschaft, Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Politikwissenschaft und Soziologie über Geschichte, Philosophie und Pädagogik, bis hin zu Sozialethik und Theologie, Medizin u.a. Zum ersten Mal im Jahr 1889 erschienen, ist es den Herausgebern gelungen, das Lexikon als viel beachtetes Nachschlagewerk im deutschen Sprachraum erfolgreich zu etablieren. Dafür stehen 18 Fachredakteure und die vielen hundert wissenschaftlichen Autorinnen und Autoren. Das Gesamtwerk umfasst 6 Bände.
The Ottoman Empire 1700 1922
DOWNLOAD
Author : Donald Quataert
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-08-11
The Ottoman Empire 1700 1922 written by Donald Quataert and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-11 with History categories.
The Ottoman Empire was one of the most important non-Western states to survive from medieval to modern times, and played a vital role in European and global history. It continues to affect the peoples of the Middle East, the Balkans and central and western Europe to the present day. This new survey examines the major trends during the latter years of the empire; it pays attention to gender issues and to hotly-debated topics such as the treatment of minorities. In this second edition, Donald Quataert has updated his lively and authoritative text, revised the bibliographies, and included brief biographies of major figures on the Byzantines and the post Ottoman Middle East. This accessible narrative is supported by maps, illustrations and genealogical and chronological tables, which will be of help to students and non-specialists alike. It will appeal to anyone interested in the history of the Middle East.
Constantine Porphyrogenitus De Administrando Imperio
DOWNLOAD
Author : Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (Emperor of the East)
language : en
Publisher: Dumbarton Oaks
Release Date : 1967
Constantine Porphyrogenitus De Administrando Imperio written by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (Emperor of the East) and has been published by Dumbarton Oaks this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
This edition contains a wide variety of information on both foreign relations and internal administration and is one of the most important historical documents surviving from the Middle Byzantine period.
A History Of The New India
DOWNLOAD
Author : Eugene F. Irschick
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-09-03
A History Of The New India written by Eugene F. Irschick and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-03 with History categories.
Providing a different approach to the history of India than previously advocated, this textbook argues that there was constant interaction between peoples and cultures. This interactive, dialogic approach provides a clear understanding of how power and social relations operated in South Asia. Covering the history of India from Mughal times to the first years of Independence, the book consists of chapters divided roughly between political and thematic questions. Topics discussed include: Mughal warfare and military developments The construction of Indian culture Indian, regional and local political articulation India’s Independence and the end of British Rule Women and governmentality The rise of the Dalit movement As well as a detailed timeline that provides a useful overview of key events in the history of India, a set of background reading is included after each chapter for readers who wish to go beyond the remit of this text. Written in an accessible, narrative style, the textbook will be suitable in courses on Indian and South Asian history, as well as courses on world history and South Asian studies.
An Inconvenient Genocide Who Now Remembers The Armenians
DOWNLOAD
Author : Geoffrey Robertson
language : en
Publisher: Random House Australia
Release Date : 2014-10-22
An Inconvenient Genocide Who Now Remembers The Armenians written by Geoffrey Robertson and has been published by Random House Australia this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-22 with History categories.
The most controversial issue still arising from the First World War – was there an Armenian Genocide? – will come to a head on 24th April 2015, the day when Armenians around the world will commemorate it and Turkey will deny it ever happened. This question has an international impact; 20 parliaments in democratic countries have voted to recognise the genocide, but Britain prefers to equivocate while the US is torn between Congress, which wants to recognise, and President Obama who does not, for fear of alienating its ally Turkey. In this important book, Geoffrey Robertson QC, a former UN appeals judge, sets out to prove beyond all reasonable doubt that that the massacres and deportations were a crime against humanity which amounted to genocide. The book discloses recent secret policy memoranda prepared in the Foreign Office, showing how an unethical policy of ‘genocide equivocation’ has been developed behind the scenes by British diplomats in order to avoid alienating Turkey. The memoranda reveal how British policy on this issue has twisted and turned in order to avoid stating a truth of which Lloyd George and Winston Churchill were volubly certain, about massacres which Britain condemned in 1915 as ‘a crime against humanity and civilisation’. The book makes a major contribution to the understanding of genocide, and to the steps the international community must take to prevent its recurrence. Published ahead of the centenary year of one of the biggest crimes of the last century, this extraordinary book proves conclusively that what took place in Turkey was genocide.