Definition Of Suicide
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Definition Of Suicide
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Author : Edwin Shneidman
language : en
Publisher: Jason Aronson, Incorporated
Release Date : 1977-07-07
Definition Of Suicide written by Edwin Shneidman and has been published by Jason Aronson, Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977-07-07 with Psychology categories.
Shneidman presents basic ideas of the common characteristics of suicide. He offers a fresh definition of the phenomenon, which includes direct implications for preventive action.
The Neurobiological Basis Of Suicide
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Author : Yogesh Dwivedi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-06-25
The Neurobiological Basis Of Suicide written by Yogesh Dwivedi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-25 with Medical categories.
With recent studies using genetic, epigenetic, and other molecular and neurochemical approaches, a new era has begun in understanding pathophysiology of suicide. Emerging evidence suggests that neurobiological factors are not only critical in providing potential risk factors but also provide a promising approach to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide discusses the most recent findings in suicide neurobiology. Psychological, psychosocial, and cultural factors are important in determining the risk factors for suicide; however, they offer weak prediction and can be of little clinical use. Interestingly, cognitive characteristics are different among depressed suicidal and depressed nonsuicidal subjects, and could be involved in the development of suicidal behavior. The characterization of the neurobiological basis of suicide is in delineating the risk factors associated with suicide. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide focuses on how and why these neurobiological factors are crucial in the pathogenic mechanisms of suicidal behavior and how these findings can be transformed into potential therapeutic applications.
Suicide A Global Perspective
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Author : Maurizio Pompili
language : en
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Release Date : 2012-09-19
Suicide A Global Perspective written by Maurizio Pompili and has been published by Bentham Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-19 with Psychology categories.
In the year 2000, approximately one million people died from suicide: a "global" mortality rate of 16 per 100,000, or one death every 40 seconds. In the last 45 years suicide rates have increased by 60% worldwide. Suicide is now among the three leading causes of death among those aged 15-44 years (both sexes); these figures do not include suicide attempts up to 20 times more frequent than completed suicide. Suicide worldwide is estimated to represent 1.8% of the total global burden of disease in1998, and 2.4% in countries with market and former socialist economies in 2020. Although traditionally suicide rates have been highest among the male elderly, rates among young people have been increasing to such an extent that they are now the group at highest risk in a third of countries, in both developed and developing countries. Mental disorders (particularly depression and substance abuse) are associated with more than 90% of all cases of suicide; however, suicide results from many complex sociocultural factors and is more likely to occur particularly during periods of socioeconomic, family and individual crisis situations (e.g., loss of a loved one, employment, honour). The economic costs associated with completed and attempted suicide are estimated to be in the billions of dollars. One million lives lost each year are more than those lost from wars and murder annually in the world. It is three times the catastrophic loss of life in the tsunami disaster in Asia in 2005. Every day of the year, the number of suicides is equivalent to the number of lives lost in the attack on the World Trade Center Twin Towers on 9/11 in 2001. Everyone should be aware of the warning signs for suicide: Someone threatening to hurt or kill him/herself, or taking of wanting to hurt or kill him/herself; someone looking for ways to kill him/herself by seeking access to firearms, available pills, or other means; someone talking or writing about death, dying or suicide, when these actions are out of the ordinary for the person. Also, high risk of suicide is generally associated with hopelessness; rage, uncontrolled anger, seeking revenge; acting reckless or engaging in risky activities, seemingly without thinking; feeling trapped – like there’s no way out; increased alcohol or drug use; withdrawing from friends, family and society, anxiety, agitation, unable to sleep or sleeping all the time; dramatic mood changes; no reason for living; no sense of purpose in life. Table 1: Understanding and helping the suicidal individual should be a task for all. Suicide Myths How to Help the Suicidal Person Warning Sights of Suicide Myth: Suicidal people just want to die. Fact: Most of the time, suicidal people are torn between wanting to die and wanting to live. Most suicidal individuals don’t want death; they just want to stoop the great psychological or emotional pain they are experiencing -Listen; -Accept the person’s feelings as they are; -Do not be afraid to talk about suicide directly -Ask them if they developed a plan of suicide; -Expressing suicidal feelings or bringing up the topic of suicide; -Giving away prized possessions settling affairs, making out a will; -Signs of depression: loss of pleasure, sad mood, alterations in sleeping/eating patterns, feelings of hopelessness; Myth: People who commit suicide do not warn others. Fact: Eight out of every 10 people who kill themselves give definite clues to their intentions. They leave numerous clues and warnings to others, although clues may be non-verbal of difficult to detect. -Remove lethal means for suicide from person’s home -Remind the person that depressed feelings do change with time; -Point out when death is chosen, it is irreversible; -Change of behavior (poor work or school performance) -Risk-taking behaviors -Increased use of alcohol or drugs -Social isolation -Developing a specific plan for suicide Myth: People who talk about suicide are only trying to get attention. They won’t really do it. Fact: Few commit suicide without first letting someone know how they feel. Those who are considering suicide give clues and warnings as a cry for help. Over 70% who do threaten to commit suicide either make an attempt or complete the act. -Express your concern for the person; -Develop a plan for help with the person; -Seek outside emergency intervention at a hospital, mental health clinic or call a suicide prevention center Myth: Don’t mention suicide to someone who’s showing signs of depression. It will plant the idea in their minds and they will act on it. Fact: Many depressed people have already considered suicide as an option. Discussing it openly helps the suicidal person sort through the problems and generally provides a sense of relief and understanding. Suicide is preventable. Most suicidal individuals desperately want to live; they are just unable to see alternatives to their problems. Most suicidal individuals give definite warnings of their suicidal intentions, but others are either unaware of the significance of these warnings or do not know how to respond to them. Talking about suicide does not cause someone to be suicidal; on the contrary the individual feel relief and has the opportunity to experience an empathic contact. Suicide profoundly affects individuals, families, workplaces, neighbourhoods and societies. The economic costs associated with suicide and self-inflicted injuries are estimated to be in the billions of dollars. Surviving family members not only suffer the trauma of losing a loved one to suicide, and may themselves be at higher risk for suicide and emotional problems. Mental pain is the basic ingredient of suicide. Edwin Shneidman calls such pain “psychache” [1], meaning an ache in the psyche. Shneidman suggested that the key questions to ask a suicidal person are ‘Where do you hurt?’ and ‘How may I help you?’. If the function of suicide is to put a stop to an unbearable flow of painful consciousness, then it follows that the clinician’s main task is to mollify that pain. Shneidman (1) also pointed out that the main sources of psychological pain, such as shame, guilt, rage, loneliness, hopelessness and so forth, stem from frustrated or thwarted psychological needs. These psychological needs include the need for achievement, for affiliation, for autonomy, for counteraction, for exhibition, for nurturance, for order and for understanding. Shneidman [2], who is considered the father of suicidology, has proposed the following definition of suicide: ‘Currently in the Western world, suicide is a conscious act of self-induced annihilation, best understood as a multidimensional malaise in a needful individual who defines an issue for which the suicide is perceived as the best solution’. Shneidman has also suggested that ‘that suicide is best understood not so much as a movement toward death as it is a movement away from something and that something is always the same: intolerable emotion, unendurable pain, or unacceptable anguish. Strategies involving restriction of access to common methods of suicide have proved to be effective in reducing suicide rates; however, there is a need to adopt multi-sectoral approaches involving other levels of intervention and activities, such as crisis centers. There is compelling evidence indicating that adequate prevention and treatment of depression, alcohol and substance abuse can reduce suicide rates. School-based interventions involving crisis management, self-esteem enhancement and the development of coping skills and healthy decision making have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of suicide among the youth. Worldwide, the prevention of suicide has not been adequately addressed due to basically a lack of awareness of suicide as a major problem and the taboo in many societies to discuss openly about it. In fact, only a few countries have included prevention of suicide among their priorities. Reliability of suicide certification and reporting is an issue in great need of improvement. It is clear that suicide prevention requires intervention also from outside the health sector and calls for an innovative, comprehensive multi-sectoral approach, including both health and non-health sectors, e.g., education, labour, police, justice, religion, law, politics, the media.
Suicide A Study In Sociology
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Author : Émile Durkheim
language : en
Publisher: Glencoe, Ill. : Free Press
Release Date : 1951
Suicide A Study In Sociology written by Émile Durkheim and has been published by Glencoe, Ill. : Free Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1951 with Psychology categories.
Translated from French, this classic provides readers with an understanding of the impetus for suicide and its psychological impact on the victim, family, and society.
Social Meanings Of Suicide
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Author : Jack D. Douglas
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2015-03-08
Social Meanings Of Suicide written by Jack D. Douglas and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-08 with Social Science categories.
This book presents a review and criticism of all sociological literature on suicide, from Emile Durkheim's influential Suicide (1897) to contemporary writings by sociologists who have patterned their own work on Durkheim's. Douglas points out fundamental weaknesses in the structural-functional study of suicide, and offers an alternative theoretical approach. He demonstrates the unreliability of official statistics on suicide and contends that Durkheim's explanations of suicide rates in terms of abstract social meanings are founded on an inadequate and misleading statistical base. The study of suicidal actions, Douglas argues, requires an examination of the individual's own construction of his actions. He analyzes revenge, escape, and sympathy motives; using diaries, notes, and observers' reports, he shows how the social meanings of actual cases should be studied. Originally published in 1967. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Suicide And Evolution
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Author : Michael Benjamin Miller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Suicide And Evolution written by Michael Benjamin Miller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
In Chapter 2 I intend to provide the reader with a philosophical conceptual landscape of suicide and also to introduce my own operating definition of suicide. I have divided the chapter into five sections; Plato and Suicide, Hume and Suicide, Kant and Suicide, Contemporary Debates Concerning Suicide, and My Operating Definition of Suicide. In the first four sections I will present what each philosopher has to say concerning suicide. Since most of what philosopher's have to say concerning suicide is pertinent to moral philosophy I will accordingly be presenting their arguments for or against the immorality of suicide. Couched within these arguments are their definitions of suicide, though sometimes they give us a definition explicitly. Thus, I will also be presenting what each philosopher would consider as suicide- that is, I will explain what class of actions count as suicidal for Plato, Hume, and Kant. In the fourth section I will demonstrate the current philosophical importance of the definition of suicide in relation to the fields of ethics and action theory. In the final section of this chapter, I will present my own proposed operational definition of suicide- which is somewhat modeled upon what these philosophers argued- but I will not justify or defend my definition until the final chapter.
Suicide As Psychache
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Author : Edwin S. Shneidman
language : en
Publisher: Jason Aronson
Release Date : 1993
Suicide As Psychache written by Edwin S. Shneidman and has been published by Jason Aronson this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Medical categories.
A collection of previously published articles discussing the definition of suicide, analyses of its occurrence, and possible therapeutic responses.
Why Suicide Is Amoral
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Author : Robyn Gaier
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2024-06-25
Why Suicide Is Amoral written by Robyn Gaier and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-25 with Philosophy categories.
Moral evaluations of actions are only appropriate for actions within the moral domain. Actions outside of the moral domain are amoral actions. In Why Suicide Is Amoral: A Philosophical Account, Robyn Gaier emphasizes the role of agency in determining whether an action is within the moral domain. If an agent lacks either deliberative agency or moral agency, then their action is amoral. An agent lacks deliberative agency if they cannot evaluate and act upon reasons, and moral agency if they cannot act upon moral reasons. Actions in which such agencies are compromised are also amoral actions. In treating actions of suicide, while granting their diversity, this book traces them to the loss or threat of loss of basic psychological needs. Gaier argues that when basic psychological needs are lost or under threat, an agent’s deliberative agency, moral agency, or both are either lacking or compromised. Hence, actions of suicide are amoral, and it is a conceptual mistake to attempt the moral evaluation of actions of suicide. Furthermore, when we regard actions of suicide as within the moral domain, we perpetuate a social stigma against suicide.
Suicide
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Author : Danuta Wasserman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016-01-14
Suicide written by Danuta Wasserman and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-14 with Medical categories.
Approximately one million people worldwide commit suicide each year, and at least ten times as many attempt suicide. A considerable number of these people are in contact with members of the healthcare sector, and encounters with suicidal individuals form a common part of the everyday work of many healthcare professionals. Suicide: An unnecessary death examines the pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and psychosocial measures adopted by psychiatrists, GPs, and other health-care staff, and emphasizes the need for a clearer psychodynamic understanding of the self if patients are to be successfully recognized, diagnosed, and treated. Drawing on the latest research by leading international experts in the field of suicidology, this new edition provides clinicians with an accessible summary of the latest research into suicide and its prevention. The abundance of new literature can make it difficult for those whose clinical practice involves daily contact with suicidal patients to devote sufficient time to penetrating the research and, accordingly, apply new findings in their clinical practice. In light of the WHO Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020, this new edition is a timely contribution to the field, and a vital and rapid overview, that will increase awareness of suicide prevention methods.
Suicide
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Author : Michael Cholbi
language : en
Publisher: Broadview Press
Release Date : 2011-08-26
Suicide written by Michael Cholbi and has been published by Broadview Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-26 with Philosophy categories.
Suicide was selected as a Choice Outstanding Academic Title for 2012! Suicide: The Philosophical Dimensions is a provocative and comprehensive investigation of the main philosophical issues surrounding suicide. Readers will encounter seminal arguments concerning the nature of suicide and its moral permissibility, the duty to die, the rationality of suicide, and the ethics of suicide intervention. Intended both for students and for seasoned scholars, this book sheds much-needed philosophical light on one of the most puzzling and enigmatic human behaviors.