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Design And Performance Characteristics Of Signalised Intersections


Design And Performance Characteristics Of Signalised Intersections
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Design And Performance Characteristics Of Signalised Intersections


Design And Performance Characteristics Of Signalised Intersections
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Author : A. C. Sarna
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972

Design And Performance Characteristics Of Signalised Intersections written by A. C. Sarna and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Roads categories.




Safety Performance Of Median U Turn Intersections


Safety Performance Of Median U Turn Intersections
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Author : Jonathan James Kay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022

Safety Performance Of Median U Turn Intersections written by Jonathan James Kay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Electronic dissertations categories.


The use of alternative intersection designs can provide both safety and operational benefits for road users at potentially lower costs when implemented in the appropriate setting. The Federal Highway Administration has previously recognized a subset of alternative intersections designs broadly referred to as "reduced left-turn conflict intersections" as a proven safety countermeasure that have been shown to decrease the risk of potentially severe crash types by reducing conflict points through the use of indirect left-turn movements. Median U-turn intersections (also referred to as "Michigan lefts" or "boulevard turnarounds") are one such alterative design that accommodates indirect left-turn movements via directional U-turn crossovers located within the median along one or both of the intersecting roadways. Michigan has long been a pioneer in the implementation of median U-turns along urban and suburban divided boulevards, with initial installations dating back several decades. Additionally, various indirect left-turn configurations have been implemented along rural highways and frontage roads for urban freeways.While prior work has consistently demonstrated that median U-turn intersection designs represent an effective countermeasure that can improve operational performance and reduce the frequency of severe crash types when implemented in the appropriate context, much of the extant research is outdated and several important areas of investigation remain unexplored. This includes defining the appropriate crash influence area, the impacts of pre-conversion characteristics, impacts to pedestrian and bicycle collisions, and evaluating crashes pre/post conversion (e.g., longitudinal panel data) compared to a purely cross-sectional evaluation. To address these and other knowledge gaps, research was performed to quantify the safety performance characteristics and develop analytical tools related to the utilization of median U-turn intersections. Historical traffic crash data were collected for signalized and unsignalized intersections in Michigan where left-turns are accommodated by a median U-turn design. To allow for comparison of the performance between the median U-turn and traditional designs, data were also collected for a sample of reference intersections (divided and undivided) where conventional direct left-turn movements were maintained. A novel approach was developed to define the safety performance influence area of a median U-turn intersection, which subsequently improved the method of identifying and collecting target crash data. Utilizing the traffic crash data, a series of analyses were performed to identify the differences between conventional and median U-turn intersections, and to also identify the differences in safety performance between various median U-turn design characteristics. The analyses compared crash rates, types, severity distributions, and severe injury collision patterns, and included development of series of safety performance functions and crash modification factors. The results were then generalized into a series of recommendations for roadway agencies considering future implementation of median U-turn intersections, including specific design recommendations intended to improve safety performance for all road users.Ultimately, it was concluded that median U-turn designs represent an effective safety countermeasure to target the reduction of severe crash types for both unsignalized and signalized intersections. While there are some potential tradeoffs with respect to non-injury crash frequencies for specific pre-conversion configurations, the use of these indirect left-turn intersection designs is consistent with the Safe System approach adopted by the United States Department of Transportation within the National Roadway Safety Strategy. Unsignalized median U-turn intersections offer superior fatal and injury crash performance compared to conventional unsignalized intersections. The removal of the crossing conflict points at unsignalized median U-turn designs (which include a closed median at the intersection) essentially eliminates the pattern of severe head on left-turn and angle collisions occurring within conventional intersections. However, it is important to recognize that non-injury crashes were shown to increase when converting a conventional unsignalized intersection to a median U-turn at locations with an existing median on the major roadway.Signalized median U-turn intersections offer superior safety performance for both injury and non-injury crashes compared to conventional signalized intersections along undivided roadways. However, the comparison of median U-turns locations to conventional divided signalized intersections was limited by a lack of reference sites with comparable traffic volumes. Annual average frequencies of severe pedestrian and bicycle crashes were similar between the signalized median U-turn and conventional undivided sites. Finally, several design features of signalized median U-turn intersections were identified as having a significant impact on safety performance, including the distance to crossovers from the main intersection, the length of weaving areas, the number of signalized crossovers, and the number of storage lanes.



The Design And Performance Of Signal Controlled Intersections


The Design And Performance Of Signal Controlled Intersections
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Author : Nicholas Brian Hounsell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989

The Design And Performance Of Signal Controlled Intersections written by Nicholas Brian Hounsell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with categories.




Operation Analysis And Design Of Signalized Intersections


Operation Analysis And Design Of Signalized Intersections
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Author : Michael Kyte
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2014-07-04

Operation Analysis And Design Of Signalized Intersections written by Michael Kyte and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-04 with Roads categories.


Before they begin their university studies, most students have experience with traffic signals, as drivers, pedestrians and bicycle riders. One of the tasks of the introductory course in transportation engineering is to portray the traffic signal control system in a way that connects with these experiences. The challenge is to reveal the system in a simple enough way to allow the student "in the door," but to include enough complexity so that this process of learning about signalized intersections is both challenging and rewarding. We have approached the process of developing this module with the following guidelines: * Focusing on the automobile user and pretimed signal operation allows the student to learn about fundamental principles of a signalized intersection, while laying the foundation for future courses that address other users (pedestrians, bicycle riders, public transit operators) and more advanced traffic control schemes such as actuated control, coordinated signal systems, and adaptive control. * Queuing models are presented as a way of learning about the fundamentals of traffic flow at a signalized intersection. A graphical approach is taken so that students can see how flow profile diagrams, cumulative vehicle diagrams, and queue accumulation polygons are powerful representations of the operation and performance of a signalized intersection. * Only those equations that students can apply with some degree of understanding are presented. For example, the uniform delay equation is developed and used as a means of representing intersection performance. However, the second and third terms of the Highway Capacity Manual delay equation are not included, as students will have no basis for understanding the foundation of these terms. * Learning objectives are clearly stated at the beginning of each section so that the student knows what is to come. At the end of each section, the learning objectives are reiterated along with a set of concepts that students should understand once they complete the work in the section. * Over 70 figures are included in the module. We believe that graphically illustrating basic concepts is an important way for students to learn, particularly for queuing model concepts and the development of the change and clearance timing intervals. * Over 50 computational problems and two field exercises are provided to give students the chance to test their understanding of the material. The sequence in which concepts are presented in this module, and the way in which more complex ideas build on the more fundamental ones, was based on our study of student learning in the introductory course. The development of each concept leads to an element in the culminating activity: the design and evaluation of a signal timing plan in section 9. For example, to complete step 1 of the design process, the student must learn about the sequencing and control of movements, presented in section 3 of this module. But to determine split times, step 6 of the design process, four concepts must be learned including flow (section 2), sequencing and control of movements (section 3), sufficiency of capacity (section 6), and cycle length and splits (section 8). Depending on the pace desired by the instructor, this material can be covered in 9 to 12 class periods.



Planning And Design Of Signalized Intersection At Airport Road And Kuantan Bypass


Planning And Design Of Signalized Intersection At Airport Road And Kuantan Bypass
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Author : Muhamad Shabani Mehad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

Planning And Design Of Signalized Intersection At Airport Road And Kuantan Bypass written by Muhamad Shabani Mehad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Highway engineering categories.


One of the most critical needs in traffic engineering is clear understanding of how much traffic for a given facility can accommodate, and under what operating conditions, it can function effectively. These are the issues addressed in traffic capacity analysis. In Malaysia, the standard reference for capacity analysis is Malaysia Highway Capacity Manual (MHCM). Intersections are orientation points in transportation network and their efficiency of operation greatly influences the entire network performance. Design of signalized intersection and capacity analysis of signalized intersections basically consists of estimating saturation flow, adjustment and delay factors. Design analysis was carried out at intersection of Kuantan¬Kemaman Bypass and Sultan Ahmad Shah Airport Road. This study was focused on signalized intersection design and to study the capacity constraint of the signalized intersection. Before the reconstruction of the Bypass, the road is single two by two lanes carriageways and without signal control. After lthe Bypass has been reconstructed, the road becomes a dual-two lane carriageway with signalized control. The data was collected by using Manual Classifies Counting Survey (MCCS) method. The maximum hourly traffic volume data was used in the signalized junction analysis. Field delay for each lane group is calculated based on MHCM guidelines. Based on results obtained from the analysis, the capacity constraint for the signalized intersection is determined. The level of service for this intersection was found to be the Level of Service C for every approach. Thus, suggested that the new facility can accommodate the existing traffic flow effectively. -Author.



Safety Effectiveness Of Highway Design Features Intersections


Safety Effectiveness Of Highway Design Features Intersections
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992

Safety Effectiveness Of Highway Design Features Intersections written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Bicycle trails categories.




A Guide For Designing And Operating Signalized Intersections In Texas


A Guide For Designing And Operating Signalized Intersections In Texas
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975

A Guide For Designing And Operating Signalized Intersections In Texas written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with categories.




Intersections Control And Safety


Intersections Control And Safety
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Author : Antonio Pratelli
language : en
Publisher: WIT Press
Release Date : 2013-05-22

Intersections Control And Safety written by Antonio Pratelli and has been published by WIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.


Starting off a new series on Transport Systems and Traffic Engineering the book aims to help bridge the gap between research and practice, encouraging a critical dialogue in different, specific, subjects spanning innovation, development and technology transfer. Those who offer innovation often do not meet the immediate needs of practitioners, especially in the traditional field of civil engineering. Still, the adequate diffusion of research results and wisdom derived from practical experience are crucial to both theoretical underpinnings and technical applications.The papers forming this book are devoted to intersection control and safety and have been selected bearing in mind the criteria stated above. That is, these papers provide both scholarly contribution as well as vision for application.As a general rule, about one-third of all highway crashes happen at intersections. This rule holds for many different countries. Intersection crashes also represent a significant portion of serious injury crashes, and by right are receiving considerable attention from researchers and practitioners alike. This book is therefore devoted to relevant safety aspects of road intersections and innovative features in design and operations that may address the intersection crash problem. The thirteen papers are more or less equally devoted to roundabouts and signals. These papers cover many of the most recent and emerging issues related to intersection control and safety. Topics range from design details to driver perception, from pedestrians behaviour to signal timing, and from capacity models to red-light running. The book will be useful for those wishing to expand their knowledge of this ever important subject area.



Journal Of The Indian Roads Congress


Journal Of The Indian Roads Congress
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Author : Indian Roads Congress
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971-04

Journal Of The Indian Roads Congress written by Indian Roads Congress and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971-04 with Highway engineering categories.




Toolbox On Intersection Safety And Design


Toolbox On Intersection Safety And Design
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004

Toolbox On Intersection Safety And Design written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Transportation categories.


This report presents an overview of principles and practices that will help readers develop intersection designs that achieve the highest levels of safety, mobility and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates practical design measures and tools that will improve intersection safety, provides examples of effective applications, and discusses experiences with innovative solutions.