Design Of A Magnetic Field Compatible High Performance Optical Breast Imaging System For Mri Guided Optical Spectroscopy
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Design Of A Magnetic Field Compatible High Performance Optical Breast Imaging System For Mri Guided Optical Spectroscopy
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Author : Fadi El-Ghussein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Design Of A Magnetic Field Compatible High Performance Optical Breast Imaging System For Mri Guided Optical Spectroscopy written by Fadi El-Ghussein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Multimodality imaging is becoming the standard of care for research and clinical studies. Such an approach is able to provide complementary information which can detect and characterize tumors. Advancing instrumentation for diffuse near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) within a conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner requires careful choices to make a true hybrid imaging system. In this thesis, a series of system technology development studies were completed in order to analyze what was needed to prototype the next phase of this technology with detection being possible within the MRI. Initially in a breast imaging system, a set of parallel plates was used with a newly created frequency-domain and continuous wave source-detector array. The opto-electronic sub-system was created and deployed within a previously existing MRI-coupled spectroscopy approach, principally allowing incorporation of additional NIR wavelengths beyond 850nm, with interlaced channels of photomultiplier tubes and silicon photodiodes. This new sub-system improved the data quality and accuracy in recovery of all breast optical properties. While the current system is highly functional, and was deployed in a large clinical trial of over 60 subjects, the usability was found to be limited due to the cumbersome nature of the fiber-breast geometry and adaptability of the system. Furthermore, there is a severe penalty for the lack of full breast coverage as the sensitivity of DOT to tumors drops. Full coverage of the breast was found to be a critical. Adding more fibers for full breast coverage is impractical due to the size of the fibers as well as the significant cost that would be incurred. In order to solve this challenge, we have built a system which places detectors in direct contact with the patient's tissue, thus, forgoing the long fiber optic cables used with the hybrid system and improving light throughput. The new modular design, which allows up to 64 detectors to be used, places the detector's frontend electronics outside the MRI room without sacrificing the detectors sensitivity or dynamic range. Characterization and calibration of the system is described in detail.
Physics Of Mammographic Imaging
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Author : Mia K. Markey
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-11-09
Physics Of Mammographic Imaging written by Mia K. Markey and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-09 with Science categories.
Due to the increasing number of digital mammograms and the advent of new kinds of three-dimensional x-ray and other forms of medical imaging, mammography is undergoing a dramatic change. To meet their responsibilities, medical physicists must constantly renew their knowledge of advances in medical imaging or radiation therapy, and must be prepared to function at the intersection of these two fields. Physics of Mammographic Imaging gives an overview on the current role and future potential of new alternatives to mammography in the context of clinical need, complementary approaches, and ongoing research. This book provides comprehensive coverage on the fundamentals of image formation, image interpretation, analysis, and modeling. It discusses the use of mammographic imaging in the detection, diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of breast cancer. Expert authors give a balanced summary of core topics such as digital mammography, contrast-enhanced mammography, stereomammography, breast tomosynthesis, and breast CT. The book highlights the use of mammographic imaging with complementary breast imaging modalities such as ultrasound, MRI, and nuclear medicine techniques. It discusses critical issues such as computer-aided diagnosis, perception, and quality assurance. This is an exciting time in the development of medical imaging, with many new technologies poised to make a substantial impact on breast cancer care. This book will help researchers and students get up to speed on crucial developments and contribute to future advances in the field.
Compact And Robust Ultrasound Guided Diffuse Optical Tomography For Breast Imaging System And Algorithm Developments
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Author : Hamed Vavadi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Compact And Robust Ultrasound Guided Diffuse Optical Tomography For Breast Imaging System And Algorithm Developments written by Hamed Vavadi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Electronic dissertations categories.
According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, claiming lives of hundreds of thousands of women each year. Mammography, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used to detect and diagnose breast lesions and each of them have some disadvantages which motivates researchers to find a new and high sensitive imaging method. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a noninvasive functional imaging modality that utilizes near-infrared (NIR) light to probe tissue optical properties. Minimal light absorption in the NIR spectrum allows for several centimeters of light penetration in soft tissue. NIR is sensitive to hemoglobin which is directly related to tumor angiogenesis. If multiple wavelengths are used, it can probe tumor oxygen saturation. However, DOT has drawbacks on location uncertainty and low light quantification accuracy due to tissue scattering of NIR light. Ultrasound (US)-guided Diffuse Optical Tomography has overcome these problems. The overall objective of my research is to move US-guided DOT one step closer from a research imaging modality to a commercial prototype for future wide use in clinics. To achieve this goal, I have overcome several challenges in both imaging hardware and software. In this Dissertation, I will discuss the progress we have made on development of two generations of US-guided DOT systems along with the software improvements. The developed systems have been improved in terms of robustness, stability, clinical safety and standards and user friendliness. In terms of software and algorithm development, automated methods for data selection, outlier removal and reference and perturbation filtering are presented. These methods have improved the robustness of the technique and increased speed of image formation by eliminating the need for an expert to perform data preprocessing and data selection. Phantom and clinical experimental results will be demonstrated to evaluate the performance of the developed systems and algorithms.
Breast Mri
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Author : R. Edward Hendrick
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-12-14
Breast Mri written by R. Edward Hendrick and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-14 with Medical categories.
With a focus on the basic imaging principles of breast MRI rather than on mathematical equations, this book takes a practical approach to imaging protocols, which helps radiologists increase their diagnostic effectiveness. It walks the reader through the basics of MRI, making it especially accessible to beginners. From a detailed outline of equipment prerequisites for obtaining high quality breast MRI to instructions on how to optimize image quality, expanded discussions on how to obtain optimized dynamic information, and explanations of good and bad imaging techniques, the book covers the topics that are most relevant to performing breast MRI.
Diagnostic Breast Imaging
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Author : Sylvia H. Heywang-Köbrunner
language : en
Publisher: Thieme
Release Date : 2014-01-15
Diagnostic Breast Imaging written by Sylvia H. Heywang-Köbrunner and has been published by Thieme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-15 with Medical categories.
Encompassing the entire spectrum of breast imaging and diagnostics, this acclaimed text provides a systematic and pragmatic guide for all clinicians involved in diagnosing breast disease. The new third edition has been fully updated to include advances in mammography, ultrasound, breast MRI, percutaneous interventions, and emerging technologies, with pros and cons and evidence-based approaches throughout. Special features of the third edition: Coverage of the field, with comprehensive sections on examination procedures and technical requirements; histologic, clinical, and radiologic appearance of a wide range of breast pathologies; results of international screening studies; and much more Nearly 1,200 clear radiographic images showing normal findings, benign and malignant disorders, and post-traumatic, post-surgical, and post-therapeutic changes to the breast Innovations in digital mammography, tomosynthesis, and computer assisted detection (CAD); new chapters on imaging of implants, lesions of uncertain malignant potential, developing technologies; and more A systematic, highly reproducible methodology for detection, diagnosis, and assessment of findings Easy-to-follow flowcharts for the diagnostic work-up of both typical and atypical cases Written by world-renowned authorities with decades of clinical experience, this book provides a brilliant orientation to the multimodality diagnostic approach and therapeutic significance of breast imaging findings. It is an essential reference and board review for radiologists, residents and fellows, gynecologists, oncologists, surgeons, technologists, and any other interdisciplinary specialist working to improve outcomes in breast disease.
Towards The Development Of A Breast Pet Mri Insert For A Clinical Whole Body Pet Mri Scanner
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Author : Fabian Peter Schmidt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Towards The Development Of A Breast Pet Mri Insert For A Clinical Whole Body Pet Mri Scanner written by Fabian Peter Schmidt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Amongst the noninvasive imaging technologies that are routinely used for clinical diagnostics, two are of particular interest for oncological imaging: positron emission tomography (PET), which utilizes a radioactive labeled tracer to monitor biological processes with great precision down to the molecular level, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a radiation-free technology that makes use of magnetic fields and their distinct responses to different tissues to gather both anatomical and functional information with high soft tissue contrast. The complementary combination of both modalities further boosts their value for oncological imaging by enhancing the accuracy of the diagnosis, allowing for individual therapy planning, and monitoring the treatment response. Combined PET/MRI is currently used to detect breast cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. To this end, a radio frequency (RF) coil dedicated to the breast is used to enhance the quality of the MR image. PET imaging, however, is still performed using clinical whole-body PET systems without taking into account the demand for high resolution in the submillimeter range to detect small lesions inside the breast. To overcome the inherent disadvantages, such as limited spatial resolution and sensitivity, this thesis considers the design and development of a dedicated breast PET/MRI insert. For this purpose, design concepts were developed, including the initial geometry of the insert, its integration into the RF coil, the constraints on the PET detectors, and the possibility of a simultaneous operation with the whole-body PET/MRI scanner. This thesis also introduces the idea of processing mixed events, or events that are detected in coincidence between both PET systems (the breast PET/MRI insert and the whole-body PET/MRI scanner). This method has the potential to resolve small metastases in the thorax and the axilla region of the breast and would significantly improve diagnostic and therapeutic choices. PET detectors and system electronics are essential for building the PET/MRI insert. A promising candidate for this purpose is the Hamamatsu PET modules (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan), as they feature high performance, compact integration, and modular technology, thus providing the flexibility required for prototyping. This study performed comprehensive tests of these modules to evaluate their suitability for use as the breast PET/MRI insert. The results showed that the PET modules could stably operate over time and temperature changes. However, the PET modules were only available with scintillation crystals of such large sizes that the corresponding spatial resolution would be unacceptable for the breast PET/MRI insert. This thesis demonstrated that the Hamamatsu modules could be used with the researcher's own photosensors and scintillation blocks with a small crystal size of 1.5)mm, enabling a high spatial resolution. Therefore, a prototype detector with a light sharing approach and a corresponding data processing algorithm was developed. In addition to extensively testing the PET hardware, one focus of this work was to evaluate the detector's performance inside the MRI scanner. The integration of a PET system into an MRI scanner naturally comes with several problems for both modalities. On the one hand, the MRI scanner is a highly sensitive device that can be distorted by the smallest electromagnetic interference. On the other hand, the MRI scanner itself is a harsh environment due to the presence of strong magnetic fields and can potentially interact with the communication lines and electronics of the PET modules. The original PET modules were not designed to operate inside an MRI scanner. Therefore, the work conducted for this thesis included several modifications of the PET system setup and iterative tests for MRI compatibility inside the MRI scanner. Special test sequences and corresponding analysis methods were utilized to gain insight into how the digital PET event data was affected by the individual components of the MRI scanner. Finally, the mutual interference between both systems could be limited to an acceptable level through the following actions: locating the back-end electronics outside of the MRI room, constructing a proper RF shield for the detectors, filtering the power lines, and generating a signal transmission via optical fibers. In summary, this thesis reached essential milestones for developing a breast PET/MRI insert for a clinical whole-body PET/MRI scanner. This work enables a further refined development of the detectors and the entire insert driven by advanced simulations to guide the experimental setup. In addition, the results of this thesis are not specifically limited to the breast insert; instead, they can be applied to other PET systems, such as those used for small animals or brain imaging, as well as to the operation of PET detectors inside MRI scanners in general.
Alternative Breast Imaging
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Author : Keith D. Paulsen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-01-11
Alternative Breast Imaging written by Keith D. Paulsen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-11 with Computers categories.
Medical imaging has been transformed over the past 30 years by the advent of computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and various advances in x-ray and ultrasonic techniques. An enabling force behind this progress has been the (so far) exponentially increasing power of computers, which has made it practical to explore fundamentally new approaches. In particular, what our group terms "model-based" modalities-which produce tissue property images from data using nonlinear, iterative numerical modeling techniques-have become increasingly feasible. Alternative Breast Imaging: Four Model-Based Approaches explores our research on four such modalities, particularly with regard to imaging of the breast: (1) MR elastography (MRE), (2) electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), (3) microwave imaging spectroscopy (MIS), and (4) near infrared spectroscopic imaging (NIS). Chapter 1 introduces the present state of breast imaging and discusses how our alternative modalities can contribute to the field. Chapter 2 looks at the computational common ground shared by all four modalities. Chapters 2 through 10 are devoted to the four modalities, with each modality being discussed first in a theory chapter and then in an implementation-and-results chapter. The eleventh and final chapter discusses statistical methods for image analysis in the context of these four alternative imaging modalities. Imaging for the detection of breast cancer is a particularly interesting and relevant application of the four imaging modalities discussed in this book. Breast cancer is an extremely common health problem for women; the National Cancer Institute estimates that one in eight US women will develop breast cancer at least once in her lifetime. Yet the efficacy of the standard (and notoriously uncomfortable) early-detection test, the x-ray mammogram, has been disputed of late, especially for younger women. Conditions are thus ripe for the development of affordable techniques that replace or complement mammography. The breast is both anatomically accessible and small enough that the computing power required to model it, is affordable.
Breast Imaging The Requisites E Book
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Author : Debra Ikeda
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2016-09-20
Breast Imaging The Requisites E Book written by Debra Ikeda and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-20 with Medical categories.
Now in its 3rd Edition, this bestselling volume in the popular Requisites series, by Drs. Debra M. Ikeda and Kanae K. Miyake, thoroughly covers the fast-changing field of breast imaging. Ideal for residency, clinical practice and certification and MOC exam study, it presents everything you need to know about diagnostic imaging of the breast, including new BI-RADS standards, new digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) content, ultrasound, and much more. Compact and authoritative, it provides up-to-date, expert guidance in reading and interpreting mammographic, ultrasound, DBT, and MRI images for efficient and accurate detection of breast disease. Features over 1,300 high-quality images throughout. Summarizes key information with numerous outlines, tables, ''pearls,'' and boxed material for easy reference. Focuses on essentials to pass the boards and the MOC exam and ensure accurate diagnoses in clinical practice. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. All-new Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) recommendations for management and terminology for mammography, elastography in ultrasound, and MRI. Step-by-step guidance on how to read new 3D tomosynthesis imaging studies with example cases, including limitations, pitfalls, and 55 new DBT videos. More evidence on the management of high risk breast lesions. Correlations of ultrasound, mammography, and MRI with tomosynthesis imaging. Detailed basis of contrast-enhanced MRI studies. Recent nuclear medicine techniques such as FDG PET/CT, NaF PET.
Breast Mri
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Author : Katja Pinker
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2022-09-22
Breast Mri written by Katja Pinker and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-22 with Science categories.
Breast MRI: State of the Art and Future Directions provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications of breast MRI, including abbreviated MRI, as well as presenting technical recommendations, practical implementation and associated challenges in clinical routine. In addition, the book introduces novel MRI techniques, multimodality imaging, and advanced image processing coupled with AI, reviewing their potential for impeding and future clinical implementation. This book is a complete reference on state-of-the-art breast MRI methods suitable for MRI researchers, radiographers and clinicians. Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women with early detection being the key to improved prognosis and survival. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast is undisputedly the most sensitive imaging method to detect cancer, with a higher detection rate than mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, and ultrasound. Spans the whole spectrum of breast MRI, including basic imaging techniques, indications, interpretation, and the latest cutting-edge techniques Reviews multiparametric MRI and abbreviated protocols, providing an outlook on the future of this technique Discusses the predictive and prognostic value of MRI as well as the evolving field of radiomics/genomics and AI
Breast Imaging
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Author : Hiroshi Fujita
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-06-23
Breast Imaging written by Hiroshi Fujita and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-23 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Breast Imaging, IWDM 2014, held in Gifu City, Japan, in June/July 2014. The 24 revised full papers and 73 revised poster papers presented together with 6 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 122 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on screening outcomes, ultrasound, breast density, imaging physics, CAD, tomosynthesis and ICT and image processing.