Detection Of Concealed Weapons Using Acoustic Waves
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Detection Of Concealed Weapons Using Acoustic Waves
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Author : George Abraham Vadakkel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Detection Of Concealed Weapons Using Acoustic Waves written by George Abraham Vadakkel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Existing weapon detection systems such as metal detectors and X-ray baggage scanners have many drawbacks. While metal detectors can only detect metallic objects, X-ray scanners are unsafe for use on passengers. Also, these systems can only scan people within a short range. These limitations of detecting potentially harmful objects have led to tragic events such as the 9/11 attack on the world trade centre and the 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai. Development of more advanced security systems would help in curbing such terrorist attacks. These systems could also be used to help security officials in tackling knife and gun related crimes in the streets. The aim of this research is to develop a concealed weapon detection system using acoustic waves. Ideally, the system would have large standoff distance, should be cost-effective and easy to manufacture and would be able to detect both metal and non-metallic weapons. Different techniques such as acoustic signature, resonance acoustic spectroscopy and acoustic imaging were analysed. Acoustic signature techniques identify the target by comparing the acoustic waves reflected by the target to a database of previously recorded acoustic reflections. Resonance acoustic spectroscopy was used on the data acquired using both experimental measurements and Finite Element simulations. A series of resonant frequencies from the acoustic waves reflected by the concealed target were extracted using this technique. This series of resonant frequencies that are unique to the target were used to identify the target. Acoustic camera was used to experimentally record the acoustic reflection from different targets. This was then used to develop images of concealed targets. These tests were performed using commercially available array speaker systems. The probability of improving these results using a better designed ultrasonic or acoustic array speaker system was analysed. This was done by changing different array design parameters and obtaining a highly focused acoustic beam. The results from the experimental tests and Finite Element simulations proved the possibility of using acoustic waves for concealed weapon detection. In the acoustic signature measurements, the frequency spectra of the reflected acoustic waves were shown to be different for different targets. The results from resonance acoustic spectroscopy showed structural resonant frequencies in the frequency spectra that corresponded to the natural frequency of the target. Using acoustic camera kit the image of the concealed target was identified. The array results showed the formation of focused beams for different array configurations. The results showed the formation of grating lobes and side lobes when the inter-element gap became larger than the wavelength of sound waves at the excitation frequency. Finally, a program using neural network was developed to demonstrate how the natural frequencies from the target could be used to identify them. This research work provides a proof of concept of different acoustic wave-based detection and imaging techniques. It has shown the possibility of detecting concealed targets at standoff distances. Using parametric arrays highly focused acoustic or ultrasonic beams could be generated which could be focused on a person suspected of carrying a weapon in a crowded environment. The sound waves reflected back could be analysed using the resonance acoustic spectroscopic technique or one could use the acoustic camera to generate images of targets in real-time. The use of acoustic waves would also help in keeping the cost and complexity of the equipment to a minimum. It also ensures that the public is not exposed to any harmful radiation. The techniques described in this thesis would significantly support the development of a commercially viable, robust acoustic waves based concealed weapon detection system.
Non Linear Acoustic Concealed Weapons Detector
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Non Linear Acoustic Concealed Weapons Detector written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
The major findings of this effort clearly demonstrate that Non-linear Acoustics is a low cost alternative to conventional imaging methods for concealed weapons detection. Our approach is to use ultrasonics to create a localized zone where non-linear interactions generate a lower frequency acoustic wave that is steerable and is able to penetrate clothing better than direct ultrasonics. We have been able to detect guns of various sizes, box cutters, knives and distinguish weapons from non-weapons including plastic devices. Sophisticated software generated signals with customized transducer/receiver design have been able to provide characteristic information about a hidden weapon 15 feet away and classify the weapon based on a database approach. Most recently improved software allows user- friendly display of results with images. We are confident of the readiness of our work for prototype development. In addition to being able to detect the weapons mentioned above, we have also been highly successful in imaging improvised weapons (received from the DOJ/AFRL lab) from a near range distance.
Guide To The Technologies Of Concealed Weapon And Contratband Imaging And Detection
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Author : Nicholas G. Paulter (Jr.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Guide To The Technologies Of Concealed Weapon And Contratband Imaging And Detection written by Nicholas G. Paulter (Jr.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Electronic government information categories.
Undetectable Firearms
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Undetectable Firearms written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Airports categories.
Firearms Which Escape Detection At Airport Security Checkpoints
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Firearms Which Escape Detection At Airport Security Checkpoints written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Aeronautics categories.
The Use Of Late Time Response For Stand Off Onbody Concealed Weapon Detection
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Author : Ali Saied Milad Atiah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Use Of Late Time Response For Stand Off Onbody Concealed Weapon Detection written by Ali Saied Milad Atiah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
This thesis presents a new system for remote detection of onbody concealed weapons such as knives and handheld guns at standoff distances. The system was designed, simulated, constructed and tested in the laboratory. The detection system uses an Ultra- wide Band (UWB) antenna to bombard the target with a UWB electromagnetic pulse. This incident pulse induces electrical currents in the surface of an object such as a knife, which given appropriate conditions these currents can generate an electromagnetic radiation. The radiated waves are detected using another UWB antenna to obtain the Late Time Response (LTR) signature of the detected object. The LTR signature was analysed using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) in order to assess the nature and the geometry of the object. The thesis presents the work which may be divided into two related areas. The first involved the design, simulation, fabrication, and testing of an Ultra-wide Band (UWB) antenna with operating bandwidth of 0.25 - 3.0 GHz and specific characteristics. Simulated and measured results show that the designed antenna achieves the design objectives which are, flat gain, a VSWR of around unity and distortion less transmitted narrow pulse. The operating bandwidth was chosen to cover the fundamental Complex Natural Resonance (CNR) modes of most firearms and to give a fine enough time resolution. The second area covered by this thesis presents a new approach for extract target signature based on the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) applied to the scattering response of onbody concealed weapons. A series of experiments were conducted to test the operation of the detection system which involved onbody and off- body objects such as, knives, handheld guns, and a number of metallic wires of various dimensions. Practical and simulation results were in good agreement demonstrating the success of the approach of using the CWT in analyzing the LTR signature which is used for the first time in this work. Spectral response for every target could be seen as a distribution in which the energy level and life-time depended on the target material and geometry. The spectral density provides very powerful information concerning target unique signature.
Detecting Surface Acoustic Waves Using Surface Plasmon And Aerogel
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Author : John Adetiba
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-04-18
Detecting Surface Acoustic Waves Using Surface Plasmon And Aerogel written by John Adetiba and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-18 with categories.
Field Detection Technologies For Explosives
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Author : Yin Sun
language : en
Publisher: ILM Publications
Release Date : 2010
Field Detection Technologies For Explosives written by Yin Sun and has been published by ILM Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Political Science categories.
Field Detection Technologies For Explosives Explosives are historically the weapons that have been most frequently used against civilians by terrorist organisations. In the past few years, the use of explosives by terrorist groups has cost the lives of more people than the combination of all other attacks, including the use of weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological and nuclear weapons). Early detection of these substances is one of the most effective ways to prevent attacks using explosives from occurring. Fast and reliable equipment to detect the presence of explosives and explosive devices is critical to fighting terrorism. Written in a style that makes complicated technologies easy to understand, this book covers the principles, instrumentation and applications of current technologies used to detect explosives in the field. Both trace detection technologies and bulk detection technologies are discussed. The section on trace detection technologies includes chapters on ion mobility spectrometry, piezoelectric sensors, chemiluminescence-based detectors, polymer-based technologies and mass spectrometry. It also discusses detection requirements, methodologies used for detector evaluation, and sampling technologies. The section on bulk detection contains chapters on x-ray, millimeter wave imaging, neutron and nuclear quadrupoie resonance technologies. This volume introduces the basic concepts of commonly used explosives detection technologies and is an essential resource for novice or more experienced personnel working in the explosives detection field as well as those with a general interest in this important subject. Features Discusses all aspects of commonly used field detection technologies. Reviews detection requirements and explosives sampling methods. Describes specific instruments used for field detection applications, such as at airports, harbours and border crossings. Includes a summary of common explosives and their important properties for easy reference. Provides an introduction to data fusion and receiver operating characteristic methods, both of which have recently received significant attention in the field of explosives detection. Book jacket.
Em Detection Of Concealed Targets
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Author : David J. Daniels
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-11-25
Em Detection Of Concealed Targets written by David J. Daniels and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
THE LATEST EM TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING CONCEALED TARGETS, WHETHER EXPLOSIVES, WEAPONS, OR PEOPLE Extensively illustrated from basic principles to system design, the fundamental concepts of RF, microwave, millimeter wave, and terahertz detection systems and techniques to find concealed targets are explained in this publication. These concealed targets may be explosive devices or weapons, which can be buried in the ground, concealed in building structures, hidden under clothing, or inside luggage. Concealed targets may also be people who are stowaways or victims of an avalanche or earthquake. Although much information is available in conference proceedings and professional society publications, this book brings all the relevant information in a single, expertly written and organized volume. Readers gain an understanding of the physics underlying electromagnetic (EM) detection methods, as well as the factors that affect the performance of EM detection equipment, helping them choose the right type of equipment and techniques to meet the demands of particular tasks. Among the topics covered are: Ultra-wideband radar and ground-penetrating radar Millimeter, sub-millimeter, and terahertz systems Radar systems including Doppler, harmonic, impulse, FMCW, and holographic Radiometric systems Nuclear quadrupole resonance systems Author David Daniels has many years of experience designing and deploying EM systems to detect concealed targets. As a result, this publication is essential for scientists and engineers who are developing or using EM equipment and techniques for a diverse range of purposes, including homeland security, crime prevention, or the detection of persons.
Understanding Surveillance Technologies
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Author : J.K. Petersen
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-02-05
Understanding Surveillance Technologies written by J.K. Petersen and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Understanding Surveillance Technologies demystifies spy devices and describes how technology is used to observe and record intimate details of people‘s lives often without their knowledge or consent. From historical origins to current applications, it explains how satellites, pinhole cameras, cell phone and credit card logs, DNA kits, tiny m