Development And Validation Of Novel Methods To Track Three Dimensional Spine Kinematics During Dynamic Trunk Movements Using A Time Of Flight Rgb D Camera
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Development And Validation Of Novel Methods To Track Three Dimensional Spine Kinematics During Dynamic Trunk Movements Using A Time Of Flight Rgb D Camera
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Author : Wantuir Carlos Ramos Junior
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Development And Validation Of Novel Methods To Track Three Dimensional Spine Kinematics During Dynamic Trunk Movements Using A Time Of Flight Rgb D Camera written by Wantuir Carlos Ramos Junior and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Low back pain (LBP) is a common and costly musculoskeletal disorder. Clinicians and researchers frequently assess dysfunction in LBP by observing patient's movement quality during pre-determined tasks using technically challenging and expensive motion capture devices. However, the cost and expertise needed to use these devices are direct barriers to their widespread adoption in clinical settings where direct benefits could be realized by LBP patients. RGB-D cameras are a potential inexpensive and less time-intensive motion capture alternative, which have been validated for analyses of gait, postural control, ergonomics, and human anatomy. However, as manufactured, RGB-D cameras are not ready for specific kinematic analyses, such as lumbar spine motion, as the native artificial intelligence (AI) models do not adequately detect the number and location of trunk joints to accurately track three-dimensional kinematics. In this thesis a proof of concept framework to adapt RGB-D cameras to accurately measure lumbar spine kinematics is presented, which is separated into two research studies: 1) validation of an RGB-D depth-based algorithm against an optoelectronic motion capture system of reference for measuring spine motion, and 2) the development of a markerless method of measuring lumbar spine kinematics. In study one, 12 healthy young adults (6M, 6F) performed 35 cycles of repetitive flexion-extension with infrared reflective marker clusters placed over their T10-T12 spinous processes and sacrum, while motion capture data were recorded simultaneously by one RGB-D camera and a 10-camera optoelectronic motion capture system. Lumbar spine joint angle range of motion (ROM) were extracted and compared between systems. Root mean squared error (RMSE) values were very low across all movement axes (RMSE ≤ 2.05° ± 0.97°), and intraclass correlations (ICCs) were considered excellent across all axes (ICC2,1 ≥ 0.849), while Bland-Altman plots revealed that, on average, the RGB-D camera slightly underestimated flexion-extension angles (≈ -1.88o) and slightly overestimated lateral bending and axial twisting angles (≈ 0.58o). In study two, a single RGB-D camera was used to capture infrared, depth, and colour image data of 15 participants performing two batteries of 10 cycles of repetitive trunk flexion-extension under two conditions: marked (i.e. hand drawn markers on key anatomical locations on the back) and unmarked. The collected data were used to create a custom four module convolutional neural network (CNN; SpineNet) to segment the human back into upper back, lower back, and spine regions and to subsequently extract lumbar spine kinematics. SpineNet was trained and tested on ten marked participants in a train:test ratio of 80:20. Images of five additional participants without markers were used to evaluate SpineNet's generalizability. Quantitative image segmentation analysis on marked data had good similarity and accuracy between their prediction and ground truth across all individual modules (mPAFG ≥ 0.8855; mJBKG ≥ 0.8391; mJFG ≥ 0.7884; fwJBKG ≥ 0.9672; fwJFG ≥ 0.8087) when the background class was ignored. Qualitative image segmentation analysis on unmarked data showed that Colourized and Surface Normal modules presented a more uniform and robust class morphology throughout frames than infrared (IR) and Fusion modules. All modules extracted kinematics similarly and were compared with their ground truth labels, showing low error levels across all movement axes (RMSE ≤ 3.66o), and good agreement on the flexion-extension and axial twist axes (ICC2,1 > 0.907; CI 95% [0.640, 0.990]); however kinematic extraction in the lateral bend axis was poor (-0.212
Three Dimensional Kinematic Analysis Of Spine Motion
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Author : Bryan Preston Conrad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Three Dimensional Kinematic Analysis Of Spine Motion written by Bryan Preston Conrad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
ABSTRACT: Motion is an important function of the human spine and accurate measurement of that motion is critical to assessing spinal health and the effect of treatments. There is a great need for tools that allow accurate 3D intervertebral spine motion to be measured in vivo. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for registering a 2D radiograph with a 3D CT scan for the purpose of measuring 3D motion in the spine. This goal was achieved in three phases. The first phase of this project evaluated the accuracy of a fluoroscopic object recognition technique to measure the 3D position and orientation of a cervical disc arthroplasty implant. Although the experimental uncertainties of the proposed technique have been extensively analyzed with respect to the measurement of knee implant motions, the size, geometry, and type of motion of spine implants requires that these uncertainties be determined specifically for spine components. These uncertainties were determined using a cadaver model. The second phase of this project developed and evaluated the static accuracy and capture range of a novel 2D/3D image registration methodology using existing gold standard data. Digitally reconstructed radiographs were used in the registration algorithm to take advantage of the internal contours and density variation of the bony anatomy. In the third phase of this project, the uncertainties of measuring dynamic 3D kinematics of cervical vertebrae were determined. The tools developed in this project will allow clinicians and researchers to accurately quantify the performance of the normal spine as well as new implants designed to restore motion to the spine. This methodology also has applications for other joints, such as the shoulder, ankle, knee and hip.
Towards Wearable Platform For Accurate Unconstrained Trunk Motion Tracking Using Inertial And Strain Sensors Data Fusion
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Author : Ahmad Rezaei
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Towards Wearable Platform For Accurate Unconstrained Trunk Motion Tracking Using Inertial And Strain Sensors Data Fusion written by Ahmad Rezaei and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The thesis focused on the development of a wearable motion tracking platform employing fiber strain sensors and inertial measurement units through a data fusion algorithm. The development of a smart sleeveless shirt for measuring the kinematic angles of the trunk in complicated 3-dimensional movements was demonstrated. Fiber strain sensors were integrated into the fabric as the sensing element of the system. Furthermore, a novel method for obtaining the kinematic data of joints based on the data from wearable sensors was proposed. More specifically, the proposed method uses the data from two gyroscopes and the smart shirt strain sensors in a combined machine learning-unscented Kalman filter (UKF) data fusion approach to track the three-dimensional movements of a joint accurately. The suggested technique thus avoids the common problems associated with extracting the movement information from accelerometer and magnetometer readings in the presence of disturbances. A study with 12 participants performing an exhaustive set of simple to complex trunk movements was conducted to investigate the performance of the developed algorithm. The results of this study demonstrated that the data fusion algorithm could significantly improve the accuracy of motion tracking in complicated 3-dimensional movements. Future work requires coherently combining both types of sensors in a wearable platform for full-body motion tracking so that the proposed algorithm can be tested in a variety of daily living activities.
Validation And Application Of A Three Dimensional System For Spinal Kinematics
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Author : Ali Abed Charri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Validation And Application Of A Three Dimensional System For Spinal Kinematics written by Ali Abed Charri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Kinematics categories.
Design And Validation Of An Intensity Based Pof Bend Sensor Applications In Measuring Three Dimensional Trunk Motion
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Author : Ursula Jane Brush
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Design And Validation Of An Intensity Based Pof Bend Sensor Applications In Measuring Three Dimensional Trunk Motion written by Ursula Jane Brush and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Abstract: Many efforts have been put forth to better understand proper trunk posture while in motion. Such efforts include wearable devices such as the Lumbar Motion Monitor that track the three dimensional motion of the trunk over time. 37 Often these devices are prohibitively expensive, heavy, and cumbersome for subjects attempting to move naturally for sports or biomechanics research. Recent developments in plastic optical fiber (POF) quality have made it possible to build an inexpensive bend sensor for applications in measuring trunk motion on the job. 6 An intensity-based POF bend sensor is not only lightweight, noninvasive, and simple to build, but provides a signal with almost no processing requirements. The purpose of this thesis is to fabricate an inexpensive, wearable POF bend sensor suitable for dynamic motion and to test its use for recording the three-dimensional motion of the trunk. The fabrication of a POF bend sensor vest is described as well as its validation with a Vicon passive optical motion capture system. Overall, the lateral and sagittal vest data correlated with the Vicon system to within +̲3.8 ° of average curvature or 11.5% or less of the total range of motion for each dimension. While jogging RMS error increased to +̲6.7° when compared to the Vicon system, the average range of motion captured from the vest correlated to within +̲2.2° of the Vicon range of motion data. Preliminary work was also accomplished for twisting motion with an average percent RMS error of 13.2% for range of motion trials. Considering the low-cost and non-invasive nature of the POF bend sensor, these results show promise for using this sensor in a variety of applications. These applications include feedback monitoring of motion for injury prevention or sports performance or for assessment of lifting techniques in the workplace. Future work would involve characterizing the reliability of the sensor over long periods of time as well as capturing all three dimensions of motion simultaneously.
Development Of Novel Medical Image Based Techniques For In Vivo Measurement Of Three Dimensional Vertebral Kinematics
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Author : 林正忠
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Development Of Novel Medical Image Based Techniques For In Vivo Measurement Of Three Dimensional Vertebral Kinematics written by 林正忠 and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The Development Of A Three Dimensional Dynamic Biomechanical Model To Graphically Display Cervical Spine Kinematics
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Author : David A. Morgan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
The Development Of A Three Dimensional Dynamic Biomechanical Model To Graphically Display Cervical Spine Kinematics written by David A. Morgan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Cervical vertebrae categories.
A Real Time 3d Tracking System Using Multiple Cameras
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
A Real Time 3d Tracking System Using Multiple Cameras written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Cameras categories.
Tracking an object in three dimensional space is a major issue in computer vision which is normally solved through the extraction of representative features of the object, and two-dimension coordinates of the series of these image features are used to compute the position of the object. Typical system uses a binocular stereovision system. For environment with obstruction, only two cameras is not practical, multiple cameras are used instead. When multiple cameras are used, a certain similarity measure among extracted features from any two stereoscopic images helps to match the correspondences. In this way, three-dimensional measurement can be obtained from the 2-D coordinate of the features extracted from the different cameras. In this research, a multiple cameras system (four cameras) and PC-cluster (Two microcomputers) are used for estimating both position and velocity of a specified moving object. Noise filtering and features extraction of images are performed in the PC-cluster at video rate. Then, the extracted features from every camera will be used to locate the object. This is done in the main computer. The synchronization mechanism between computers has been developed using PCI-to-PCI data movers with fiber optic connection. The developed system can use both Tsai's method and Zhang's method for calibrating the system. For Zhang's method, we purpose a modified distortion model to reduce the computation time in 3-D reconstruction process. In our experiments, we setup the system to track 3-D paths which are generated by the PA10 robotic arm. The results show that the system can track both position and velocity of moving object in real-time with acceptable accuracy. Moreover, we show that the system can be adapted to be used for the reverse engineering application.
Clinical Gait Analysis
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Author : Christopher Kirtley
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Clinical Gait Analysis written by Christopher Kirtley and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Medical categories.
Provides a detailed clinical introduction to the application of biomechanics to the understanding and treatment of walking disorders. Practical issues in the performance of a three-dimensional clinical gait analysis are covered, together with several clinical cases illustrating the interpretation of findings. These cases also demonstrate the use of a variety of treatment methodologies, including physical therapy, walking aids, prosthetics and orthotics, botulinum toxin and surgery.
Oxford Textbook Of Musculoskeletal Medicine
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Author : Michael Hutson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
Oxford Textbook Of Musculoskeletal Medicine written by Michael Hutson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Medical categories.
This all-in-one companion to the field of musculoskeletal medicine describes basic concepts and offers practical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment, and contains models of care which assist understanding of basic concepts.