Development Modernization And Son Preference In Fertility Decisions
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Development Modernization And Son Preference In Fertility Decisions
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Author : Deon Filmer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Development Modernization And Son Preference In Fertility Decisions written by Deon Filmer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
A family preference for sons over daughters may manifest itself in different ways, including higher mortality, worse health status, or lower educational attainment among girls. This study focuses on one measure of son preference in the developing world, namely the likelihood of continued childbearing given the gender composition of existing children in the family. The authors use an unusually large data set, covering 65 countries and approximately 5 million births. The analysis shows that son preference is apparent in many regions of the developing world and is particularly large in South Asia and in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. Modernization does not appear to reduce son preference. For example, in South Asia son preference is larger for women with more education and is increasing over time. The explanation for these patterns appears to be that latent son preference in childbearing is more likely to manifest itself when fertility levels are low. As a result of son preference, girls tend to grow up with significantly more siblings than boys do, which may have implications for their wellbeing if there are quantity-quality trade-offs that result in fewer material and emotional resources allocated to children in larger families.
Gender Preference At Birth
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Author : Mehwish Ghulam Ali
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Gender Preference At Birth written by Mehwish Ghulam Ali and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Investigating preference for sons is a continuing focal area of development economics and demographic research. Son preference presents a challenge in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals of 'no poverty', 'good health and wellbeing', and 'gender equality' by 2030. It is thus important to investigate son preference to inform policy-makers of the potential challenges in achieving these goals. Inaccurate interpretation of the mechanisms of son preference could misinform policy analysis and result in unintended consequences. Existing measures including sex ratios and gender composition of children do not reflect the true extent of son preference in high fertility countries such as Pakistan, where the success of policy action is limited and significant barriers to sex-selective technologies exist. Given the likely impact of son preference on fertility behaviour in Pakistan, accurate measurement of the forms this gender bias can take is necessary to appropriately gauge the influence of son preference on the fertility outcomes. The limited capacity of existing measures to accurately depict son preference in countries with high fertility combined with limited demarcation between pre- and post-birth son preference warrants development of a new measure for son preference to evaluate its effects. In this paper, a new measure of son preference called 'gender preferences at birth' (GPB) is presented. GPB combines stated fertility preferences and observed fertility outcomes to acknowledge that households in countries with high fertility and low contraception usage have less control over their fertility decisions.
Son Preference And Fertility Behavior
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Author : Robert C. Repetto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Son Preference And Fertility Behavior written by Robert C. Repetto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Birth order categories.
Family Demography In Asia
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Author : Stuart Gietel-Basten
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2018-11-30
Family Demography In Asia written by Stuart Gietel-Basten and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-30 with POLITICAL SCIENCE categories.
The demographic future of Asia is a global issue. As the biggest driver of population growth, an understanding of patterns and trends in fertility throughout Asia is critical to understand our shared demographic future. This is the first book to comprehensively and systematically analyse fertility across the continent through the perspective of individuals themselves rather than as a consequence of top-down government policies.
Agent Based Modelling In Population Studies
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Author : André Grow
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-11
Agent Based Modelling In Population Studies written by André Grow and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-11 with Social Science categories.
This book examines the use of agent-based modelling (ABM) in population studies, from concepts to applications, best practices to future developments. It features papers written by leading experts in the field that will help readers to better understand the usefulness of ABM for population projections, how ABM can be injected with empirical data to achieve a better match between model and reality, how geographic information can be fruitfully used in ABM, and how ABM results can be reported effectively and correctly. Coverage ranges from detailing the relation between ABM and existing paradigms in population studies to infusing agent-based models with empirical data. The papers show the benefits that ABM offers the field, including enhanced theory formation by better linking the micro level with the macro level, the ability to represent populations more adequately as complex systems, and the possibility to study rare events and the implications of alternative mechanisms in artificial laboratories. In addition, readers will discover guidelines and best practices with detailed examples of how to apply agent-based models in different areas of population research, including human mating behaviour, migration, and socio-structural determinants of health behaviours. Earlier versions of the papers in this book have been presented at the workshop “Recent Developments and Future Directions in Agent-Based Modelling in Population Studies,” which took place at the University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium, in September 2014. The book will contribute to the development of best practices in the field and will provide a solid point of reference for scholars who want to start using agent-based modelling in their own research.
Watering The Neighbour S Garden
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Author : Christophe Guilmoto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Watering The Neighbour S Garden written by Christophe Guilmoto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Daughters categories.
Toward Gender Equality In East Asia And The Pacific
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2012-10-01
Toward Gender Equality In East Asia And The Pacific written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Toward Gender Equality in East Asia and the Pacific examines the relationship between gender equality and development and outlines an agenda for public action to promote more effective and inclusive development in East Asian and Pacific countries.
World Development Report 2012
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Author : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World BankThe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
language : en
Publisher: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
Release Date : 2011-09-28
World Development Report 2012 written by The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World BankThe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and has been published by The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-28 with Business & Economics categories.
The lives of women around the world have improved dramatically, at a pace and scope difficult to imagine even 25 years ago. Women have made unprecedented gains in rights, education, health, and access to jobs and livelihoods. More countries than ever guarantee equal rights in property, marriage, and other domains. Gendergaps in primary schooling have closed in many countries, while in a third of all countries girls now outnumber boys in secondary school. And more young women than men attend universities in 60 countries. Women are using their education to participate more in the labor force: they now make up for 40 percent of the global labor force and 43 percent of its farmers. Moreover, women now live longer than men in every region of the world. Despite the progress, gaps remain in many areas. Women are more likely to die—relative to males—in many low- and middle-income countries than their counterparts in rich countries,especially in childhood and during their reproductive years. Primary and secondary school enrollments for girls remain much lower than for boys in many Sub-Saharan African countries and some parts of South Asia, as well as among disadvantaged populations. Women are more likely than men to work as unpaid family laborers or in the informal sector, to farm smaller plots and grow less profitable crops, operate in smaller firms and less profi table sectors, and generally earn less. Women—especially poor women—have less say over decisions and less control over household resources. And in most countries, fewer women participate in formal politics than men and are underrepresented in the upper echelons. The World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development argues that closing these persistent gender gaps matters. It matters because gender equality is a core development objective in its own right. But it is also smart economics. Greater gender equality can enhance productivity, improve development outcomes for the next generation, and make institutions more representative. Building on a growing body of knowledge on the economics of gender equality and development, the Report identifies the areas where gender gaps are most significant—both intrinsically and in terms of their potential development payoff—and where growth alone cannot solve the issues. It then sets forth four priorities for public action: Reducing excess female mortality and closing education gaps where they remain Improving access to economic opportunities for women Increasing women’s voice and agency in the household and in society Limiting the reproduction of gender inequality across generations.
World Development Report 2012
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2011-09-01
World Development Report 2012 written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-01 with Social Science categories.
This year's World Development Report looks at facts and trends regarding the various dimensions of gender equality in the context of the development process.
Reproduction And Social Organization In Sub Saharan Africa
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Author : Ron J. Lesthaeghe
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2023-11-10
Reproduction And Social Organization In Sub Saharan Africa written by Ron J. Lesthaeghe and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-10 with Social Science categories.
Unlike most Asian and Latin American countries, sub-Saharan Africa has seen both an increase in population growth rates and a weakening of traditional patterns of child-spacing since the 1960s. It is tempting to conclude that sub-Saharan countries have simply not reached adequate levels of income, education, and urbanization for a fertility decline to occur. This book argues, however, that such a socioeconomic threshold hypothesis will not provide an adequate basis for comparison. These authors take the view that any reproductive regime is also anchored to a broader pattern of social organization, including the prevailing modes of production, rules of exchange, patterns of religious systems, kinship structure, division of labor, and gender roles. They link the characteristic features of the African reproductive regime with regard to nuptiality, polygyny, breastfeeding, postpartum abstinence, sterility, and child-fostering to other specifically African characteristics of social organization and culture. Substantial attention is paid to the heterogeneity that prevails among sub-Saharan societies and considerable use is made, therefore, of interethnic comparisons. As a result the book goes considerably beyond mere demographic description and builds bridges between demography and anthropology or sociology. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1989.
