Development Of Internally Cured Concrete For Increased Service Life
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Development Of Internally Cured Concrete For Increased Service Life
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Author : John Schlitter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010-10-15
Development Of Internally Cured Concrete For Increased Service Life written by John Schlitter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-15 with categories.
Durable High Early Strength Concrete Via Internal Curing Approach Using Saturated Lightweight And Recycled Concrete Aggregates
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Author : Faisal A. F. Qadri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Durable High Early Strength Concrete Via Internal Curing Approach Using Saturated Lightweight And Recycled Concrete Aggregates written by Faisal A. F. Qadri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Environmental exposure is one of the primary causes of concrete pavement deterioration, specifically cyclic freezing and thawing, as is common in Kansas. Rehabilitation of deteriorated concrete pavement is a common pavement life-extension strategy, and a variety of rehabilitation techniques are often utilized depending on the level of pavement distress. Budgetary constraints, however, often dictate use of partial and full-depth patching methods to rehabilitate deteriorated concrete pavement rather than replace an entire road. For roadways with high traffic volume, patching is often done overnight within few hours. These repairs include removing the old concrete and preparing the location for new concrete, which must achieve at least 1,800 psi compressive strength 6 hours prior to opening to traffic to avoid compromising future durability. Current patches last less than 10 years despite a nominal 20-year service life. This study utilized an internal curing technique to produce durable high early strength concrete for patching. Because desorbing water throughout the concrete matrix improves the microstructure and reduces porosity, lightweight aggregates and crushed concrete aggregates were each used to desorb water and provide internal curing. Tests were conducted to evaluate compressive strength, autogenous shrinkage, length change, and freezing and thawing related to mass change, length change, and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME). In contrast to ASTM C157, which only measures drying shrinkage after 14 days of curing, autogenous shrinkage of concrete was measured in this study. KTMR-22, developed by the Kansas Department of Transportation, was used to evaluate freeze-thaw durability of internally cured repair mixtures because this method subjects test specimens to a much harsher test regimen than ASTM C666. For example, KTMR-22 utilizes 660 cycles that simulate 20 years of exposure to 33 cycles of freezing and thawing compared to ASTM-666 exposure of only 300 cycles. Results showed that the mixture made with lightweight aggregate and low cement content met all requirements for expansion and RDME. This mixture also had minimum autogenous shrinkage among all the mixtures.
Cracking Control On Early Age Concrete Through Internal Curing
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Author : Dejian Shen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-07-10
Cracking Control On Early Age Concrete Through Internal Curing written by Dejian Shen and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This monograph is written based on the author's research on the assessment, control, and repair of cracking of early-age concrete in the recent decade. The technique of internal curing for increasing cracking resistance of early-age concrete is further developed through experimental and theoretical research. It establishes models for predicting the internal relative humidity and autogenous shrinkage of internally cured concrete at early age; reveals the variation law and mechanism of early-age tensile creep of internally cured concrete; and explores the variation law and mechanism of early-age cracking resistance of internally cured concrete under continuous restrained condition or uniaxial restrained condition. It is designed as a reference work for professionals or practitioners and a textbook for undergraduates or postgraduates. As such, this book provides valuable knowledge, useful methods, and practical experience that can be considered in the field of concrete cracking control.
Behavior Of Bridge With Internally Cured Concrete Deck Under Environmental And Truck Loading
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Author : Waleed Khalid Hamid
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Behavior Of Bridge With Internally Cured Concrete Deck Under Environmental And Truck Loading written by Waleed Khalid Hamid and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Bridges categories.
The long-term performance of a bridge deck depends on its resistance to bridge cracking. Most of these cracks are initiated at the early age. Early age cracking of bridge decks is a typical issue in the U.S. that reduces bridge service life. Therefore, internally cured concrete (ICC) has been used in some states to reduce or eliminate the development of cracks in reinforced concrete decks. In this study, the early age behavior of ICC deck and the effect of the internal curing on the long-term behavior of the bridge was measured and evaluated in the laboratory and field for newly adjacent constructed bridge, which were located on Route 271 in Mayfield, Ohio. Two different types of concrete mixtures were utilized for the decks: conventional concrete (CC) and internally cured concrete (ICC). Firstly, the ICC and CC mixtures were examined in the laboratory in terms of a mechanical properties test, a plastic shrinkage test, a free shrinkage test, and a restrained shrinkage test. Second, the field behavior of an ICC deck and an adjacent CC deck during their early age and long-term performance were evaluated. Also, the shrinkage development for both decks was examined during the very early age. Instrumentation was used to measure the concrete and reinforcement strains and the temperature in both bridges. The instrumentation and results for both bridges are discussed. Laboratory results indicated that using pre-wetted lightweight concrete in the concrete mixture led to decreased density, coefficient of thermal expansion, and free shrinkage strain, and increased tensile strength and cracking time of concrete compared to conventional concrete. In the field, from the early age test, it was observed that the time to develop concrete shrinkage was approximately 5-6 hours after casting the deck of the ICC and the CC.
Internal Curing Of Concrete
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Author : Kyllastinen Karri
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2015-06-15
Internal Curing Of Concrete written by Kyllastinen Karri and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-15 with categories.
Internal curing was used already in the Roman times, for example the famous Pantheon building is done partly with internally cured concrete. The external curing of concrete such as fogging the surface only achieves the surface of the concrete, with internal curing the whole 3-dimensional microstructure of the concrete could be cured. The objective of this thesis was to study the impact of internal curing on compressive strength, tensile/flexural strength and drying shrinkage. The goal was also to determine which grain sizes lightweight aggregates will be the best in internal curing use. In this thesis the internal curing is done with lightweight aggregates. The obtained tests results showed that the best grain size of lightweight aggregates for internal curing are 0-2 mm and 2-4 mm. The usage of these sizes enabled to produce concrete having similar mechanical properties to normal concretes but significantly reduced drying shrinkage.
Smart And Multifunctional Concrete Toward Sustainable Infrastructures
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Author : Baoguo Han
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-12
Smart And Multifunctional Concrete Toward Sustainable Infrastructures written by Baoguo Han and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents the latest research advances and findings in the field of smart/multifunctional concretes, focusing on the principles, design and fabrication, test and characterization, performance and mechanism, and their applications in infrastructures. It also discusses future challenges in the development and application of smart/multifunctional concretes, providing useful theory, ideas and principles, as well as insights and practical guidance for developing sustainable infrastructures. It is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of civil-engineering materials and infrastructures.
Evaluation Of Portland Cement Concrete With Internal Curing Capabilities
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Author : John Kevern
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Evaluation Of Portland Cement Concrete With Internal Curing Capabilities written by John Kevern and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Report 41 Internal Curing Of Concrete State Of The Art Report Of Rilem Technical Committee 196 Icc
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Author : Ole Mejlhede Jensen
language : en
Publisher: RILEM Publications
Release Date : 2007
Report 41 Internal Curing Of Concrete State Of The Art Report Of Rilem Technical Committee 196 Icc written by Ole Mejlhede Jensen and has been published by RILEM Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Concrete categories.
Curing Concrete
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Author : Peter C. Taylor
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-09-10
Curing Concrete written by Peter C. Taylor and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Curing is one of those activities that every civil engineer and construction worker has heard of, but in reality does not worry about much. In practice, curing is often low on the list of priorities on the construction site, particularly when budgets and timelines are under pressure. Yet the increasing demands being placed on concrete mixtures also
Moisture Transport In Cement Based Materials
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Author : Javier Eduardo Castro
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Moisture Transport In Cement Based Materials written by Javier Eduardo Castro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Concrete categories.
The durability of concrete subjected to aggressive environments depends largely on the transport properties of the concrete. These transport properties are influenced by the volume of pores as well as the connectivity of the pore network. Three main mechanisms can be used to describe transport in cementitious systems: permeability, diffusion and absorption. Permeability is the measure of the flow of water under a pressure gradient. Diffusion is the movement of ions due to a concentration gradient. Absorption can be described as the ability to take in water by means of capillary suction. It is important to note that absorption occurs on a much faster time scale than diffusion. A large fraction of concrete in service is only partly saturated and the initial ingress of fluid is influenced, at least in part, by capillary absorption. As such, fluid (water) absorption has been used as an important factor for quantifying the durability of cementitious systems and it is being increasingly used by specifiers and in forensic studies to provide a parameter that can describe an aspect of concrete durability. For this reason the water absorption test is the focus of the first part of this thesis. The influence of preconditioning and initial moisture content was assessed as it relates to the water absorption test measurements. The results confirm that the test is considerably affected by the relative humidity of the samples before starting the test, which if not properly accounted for can lead to a misunderstanding of the actual absorption behavior. It was also observed that the conditioning procedure described in ASTM C1585 is not able to eliminate the "moisture history" of the samples. As such modifications to the standard test procedure are suggested. Further, the absorption behavior was investigated when salts were present in the samples or as a part of the absorbing fluid. Tests were performed on concrete using different aqueous solutions containing deicing salts. The rate of fluid absorption was generally lower for aqueous solutions containing deicing salts than it was for water (with the exception of low concentrations of NaCl). The change in the rate of aqueous fluid absorption was proportional to the square root of the ratio of surface tension and viscosity of the absorbed fluid. Experimental data indicates that concretes that had previously been exposed to deicing solutions can also exhibit reduced rate of absorption, even if water is the fluid being absorbed. The second part of this thesis is focused on the internal curing for concrete and its effect on the transport properties. The increased propensity for shrinkage cracking in low waterto- cement ratio (w/c) concrete has inspired the development of new technologies that can reduce the risk of early-age cracking. One of these is internal curing. Internal curing uses pre-wetted lightweight aggregate (LWA) to supply "curing water" to low w/c paste as it hydrates. Significant research has been performed to determine the effects of internal curing on shrinkage and stress development; however, relatively little detailed information exists about the effects of internal curing on fluid transport properties such as water absorption. In order to determine the mixture proportions for internally cured concretes information about the water absorption and water desorption properties of the lightweight aggregate is needed. Unfortunately, these properties are not easy to obtain accurately. This work studies the absorption and desorption properties of commercially available expanded shale, clay and slate lightweight aggregates. This research determines these properties so that they can be efficiently used in proportioning concrete for internal curing. Further, it was shown that by normalizing the results general trends on material behavior can be obtained that are quite useful in proportioning the mixtures. After characterizing the properties of the aggregates to be used for internal curing, this research examines the absorption of water into low w/c mortar specimens made with prewetted lightweight aggregates. These results indicate that the inclusion of LWA can reduce the water absorption of mortar specimens. This observation was reinforced with electrical conductivity measurements that exhibited similar reductions. In addition, this work analyzes the potential use of internal curing in concrete systems with w/c higher than normally used (w/c of 0.30, 0.36, 0.42 and 0.45) to increase the durability of the concrete. Test results show that internal curing can be useful to improve the durability of concretes prepared with this wider range of w/c. The benefits of using internal curing on the transport properties can be explained by an increase in the hydration of the cement. This was assessed using isothermal calorimeter, internal relative humidity, scanning electron microscopy and an atomic force microscopy. Further, in addition to reducing the porosity, the increased hydration appears to reduce the tortuosity by preferentially hydrating the interfacial regions around the lightweight aggregate.