Device Interface Process And Electrode Engineering Towards Low Cost And High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells In Inverted Structure
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Device Interface Process And Electrode Engineering Towards Low Cost And High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells In Inverted Structure
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Author : Jingyu Zou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Device Interface Process And Electrode Engineering Towards Low Cost And High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells In Inverted Structure written by Jingyu Zou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Solar cells categories.
As a promising technology for economically viable alternative energy source, polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted substantial interests and made significant progress in the past few years, due the advantages of being potentially easily solution processed into large areas, flexible, light weight, and have the versatility of material design. In this dissertation, an integrated approach is taken to improve the overall performance of polymer solar cells by the development of new polymer materials, device architectures, interface engineering of the contacts between layers, and new transparent electrodes. First, several new classes of polymers are explored as potential light harvesting materials for solar cells. Processing has been optimized and efficiency as high as 6.24% has been demonstrated. Then, with the development of inverted device structure, which has better air stability by utilizing more air stable, high work function metals, newly developed high efficiency polymers have been integrated into inverted structure device with integrated engineering approach. A comprehensive characterization and optical modeling based on conventional and inverted devices have been performed to understand the effect of device geometry on photovoltaic performance based on a newly developed high performance polymer poly(indacenodithiophene-co-phananthrene-quinoxaline) (PIDT-PhanQ). By modifying anode with a bilayer combining graphene oxide (GO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxylenethiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) as hole transporter/electron blocker, it further improved device performance of inverted structured to 6.38%. A novel processing method of sequentially bilayer deposition for active layer has been conducted based on a low band-gap polymer poly[2, 6-(4, 4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b;3,4-bʹ] dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2, 1, 3- fluorobenzothiadiazole)] (PCPDT-FBT). Inverted structure devices processed from bilayer deposition shows even higher performance than bulk-heterojunction. Polymer and fullerene distribute uniformly throughout the layer in vertical direction. Better electron mobility and better crystallinity in inverted bilayer film bas been observed, which can contribute to the higher IQE in inverted bilayer device. Metal grid/conducting polymer hybrid transparent electrode has been proved can be an alternative to ITO in inverted structure with similar device performance. Further, a novel protocol to fabricate highly transparent ultra thin silver films as transparent electrode on both glass and plastic substrates also has been demonstrated, based on ZnO/Ag/ZnO tri-layer structure and self-assembled monolayer interfacial modification. Sophisticated interfacial engineering method is applied at necessary interfaces to functioning the ultra thin silver film as a platform for polymer solar cells, and superior device performance that even exceeds using ITO has been achieved.
Transparent Electrode Design And Interface Engineering For High Performance Organic Solar Cells
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Author : Di Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-01-27
Transparent Electrode Design And Interface Engineering For High Performance Organic Solar Cells written by Di Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-27 with categories.
This dissertation, "Transparent Electrode Design and Interface Engineering for High Performance Organic Solar Cells" by Di, Zhang, 张笛, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: With the growing needs for energy, photovoltaic solar cells have attracted increasing research interests owing to its potentially renewable, feasible and efficient applications. Compared to its inorganic counterparts, organic solar cell (OSC) is highly desirable due to the low-cost processing, light weight, and the capability of flexible applications. While rapid progress has been made with the conversion efficiency approaching 10%, challenges towards high performance OSCs remain, including further improving device efficiency, fully realizing flexible applications, achieving more feasible large-area solution process and extending the stability of organic device. Having understood the key technical issues of designing high performance OSCs, we focus our work on (1) introducing flexible graphene transparent electrodes into OSCs as effective anode and cathode; (2) interface engineering of metal oxide carrier transport layers (CTLs) in OSCs through incorporating plasmonic metal nanomaterials;(3)proposing novel film formation approach for solution-processed CTLs in OSCs in order to improve the film quality and thus device performance. The detailed work is listed below: 1. Design of transparent graphene electrodes for flexible OSCs Flexible graphene films are introduced into OSCs as transparent electrodes, which complement the flexibility of organic materials. We demonstrate graphene can function effectively as both the anode and cathode in OSCs: a) Graphene anode: we propose an interface modification for graphene to function as anode as an alternative to using aconventional polymer CTL. Using the proposed interfacial modification, graphene OSCs show enhanced performance. Further analysis shows that our approach provides favorable energy alignment and improved interfacial contact. b) Graphene cathode: efficient OSCs using graphene cathode are demonstrated, using a new composite CTL of aluminum-titanium oxide (Al-TiO2).We show that the role of Al is two-fold: improving the wettability as well as reducing the work function of graphene. To facilitate electron extraction, self-assembledTiO2is employed on the Al-covered graphene, which exhibits uniform morphology. 2. Incorporation of plasmonic nanomaterialsinto the metal oxide CTLinOSCs By incorporating metallic nanoparticles (NPs) into the TiO2CTLin OSCs, we demonstrate the interesting plasmonic-electrical effect which leads to optically induced charge extraction enhancement. While OSCs using TiO2CTL can only operate by ultraviolet (UV)activation, NP-incorporated TiO2enables OSCs to perform efficiently at a plasmonic wavelength far longer than the UV light. In addition, the effciency of OSCs incorporated with NPs is notably enhanced. We attribute the improvement to the charge injection of plasmonically excited electrons from NPs into TiO2. 3. Formation of uniform TiO2CTLfor large area applications using a self-assembly approach A solution-processed self-assembly method is proposed for forming large-area high-quality CTL films. Owing to the careful control of solvent evaporation, uniform film is formed, leading to enhanced OSC performance. Meanwhile, our method is capable of forming large-area films. This approach can contribute to future low-cost, large-area applications. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5295530 Subjects: Electrodes - Design and construction Solar cells - Mater
Towards High Performance Polymer Solar Cells Through Interface Engineering
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Author : Chao Yi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Towards High Performance Polymer Solar Cells Through Interface Engineering written by Chao Yi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Conjugated polymers categories.
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are considered as one of the most promising alternative renewable energy sources. Recently, PSCs with over 10% power conversion efficiency (PCE) is achieved from tandem cells and over 9% from single cell. To obtain 15% PCE for real application of PSCs, three device parameters--short circuit current density, Jsc; open circuit voltage, Voc and fill factor, FF must be increased. With an understanding of working mechanism in polymer solar cells and limiting factor in conjugated polymers, great achievements have been made in increasing these three parameters. In order to achieve the ideal efficiency for practical application, charge collection by the electrodes needs to be optimized via interface engineering. By far, some excited experimental results have been reported by using conjugated polyelectrolytes as an interfacial buffer layer. However, few study reports the utilization of neutral material as an interfacial buffer layer in polymer solar cells. (recently work reported by Santa Barbara). In this study, we exploited both conjugated polyelectrolyte and neutral conjugated polymer as an interfacial buffer layer from enhanced open circuit voltage by both of them. A new mechanism for neutral polymer material as interfacial buffer layer is addressed. By analysis of electronic properties of the devices with and without these buffer layer, correlation between suppressed dark current and open circuit voltage is illustrated. In an equivalent circuit of polymer solar cells, distinct increase in shunt resistance and reduction in sheet resistance reveal that incorporation of polyelectrolyte and neutral polymer leads to enhanced efficiency and neutral conjugated polymer provides a facile route for improving device performance. In order further study of the effect of interface layer, a specific neutral C60 derivative--PC60BM-G2 was designed and utilized as an interfacial buffer layer in PSCs with both a conventional and an inverted device structures. For the in the conventional device, PC60BM-G2 showed high electron selectivity and electrical conductivity. More than 20% enhancement in PCEs was obtained. For the inverted device, PC60BM-G2 eliminated defects and vacancies on surface of electron extraction layer. Meanwhile, increased surface roughness provides large electrical interaction between the active layer and the electron extraction layer. Suppressed interface recombination and enhanced surface electrical conductivity originates from surface modification by PC60BM-G2, which results in over 30% enhancement in PCEs. These results reveal that neutral material could be made use of in interface engineering in organic electronics and sparked further investigation for the origin of enhanced device performance via neutral interfacial buffer layer.
Organic Solar Cells
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Author : Wallace C.H. Choy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-19
Organic Solar Cells written by Wallace C.H. Choy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Organic solar cells have emerged as new promising photovoltaic devices due to their potential applications in large area, printable and flexible solar panels. Organic Solar Cells: Materials and Device Physics offers an updated review on the topics covering the synthesis, properties and applications of new materials for various critical roles in devices from electrodes, interface and carrier transport materials, to the active layer composed of donors and acceptors. Addressing the important device physics issues of carrier and exciton dynamics and interface stability and novel light trapping structures, the potential for hybrid organic solar cells to provide high efficiency solar cells is examined and discussed in detail. Specific chapters covers key areas including: Latest research and designs for highly effective polymer donors/acceptors and interface materials Synthesis and application of highly transparent and conductive graphene Exciton and charge dynamics for in-depth understanding of the mechanism underlying organic solar cells. New potentials and emerging functionalities of plasmonic effects in OSCs Interface Degradation Mechanisms in organic photovoltaics improving the entire device lifetime Device architecture and operation mechanism of organic/ inorganic hybrid solar cells for next generation of high performance photovoltaics This reference can be practically and theoretically applied by senior undergraduates, postgraduates, engineers, scientists, researchers, and project managers with some fundamental knowledge in organic and inorganic semiconductor materials or devices.
Polymeric Solar Cells
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Author : Frederik C. Krebs
language : en
Publisher: DEStech Publications, Inc
Release Date : 2010
Polymeric Solar Cells written by Frederik C. Krebs and has been published by DEStech Publications, Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Book offers a comprehensive treatment of nonhybrid polymeric solar cells from the basic chemistry of donor and acceptor materials through device design, processing and manufacture. Written by a team of Europe-based experts, the text shows the steps and strategies of successfully moving from the science of solar cells to commercial device production. Chapters focus on technologies that lead to increased efficiencies, longer usable life and lower costs. Highlighted are ways to fabricate solar cells from a range of polymers and develop them into marketable commodities. Special consideration is given to solar cells as intellectual property.
Improvement Of Polymer Solar Cells Through Device Design
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Author : Yechuan Sun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Improvement Of Polymer Solar Cells Through Device Design written by Yechuan Sun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.
This dissertation, "Improvement of Polymer Solar Cells Through Device Design" by Yechuan, Sun, 孙也川, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: In this thesis, fabrication of polymer solar cells through different device designs is presented and the resulted solar cell performance is discussed. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are chosen as the photoactive layer materials as this material combination has been widely used and well investigated. The known properties of P3HT and PCBM make systematical studies and modeling for the effect of device designs on the performance of polymer solar cells possible although this is beyond the scope of this thesis. First, ITO electrodes were fabricated by sputtering and used as the transparent electrode for polymer solar cells. Properties of ITO film fabricated by different sputtering conditions were compared. Radio frequency (RF) sputtered ITO was found to exhibit the best transparency overall. This condition was further applied to the fabrication of ITO electrode for polymer solar cells with light trapping structures. Low temperature processed silicon oxide (SiOx) / titanium oxide (TiOx) periodic structures were fabricated by sol-gel method. Optical transmittance of the bottom electrode was altered by the presence of the reflective coating and thus the absorption in the photoactive layer was affected. By varying the number of layer pairs and thickness of each layer in the reflective coating, improvement of polymer solar cell performance was found by inserting reflective coating for optimized conditions. Finally, semi-transparent polymer solar cells with inverted structure were demonstrated using conductive polymer as the anode. The process in device preparation was vacuum-free and thus could be potentially useful in large-scale roll-to-roll fabrication. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4784994 Subjects: Solar cells - Design and construction Conducting polymers
Organic And Hybrid Solar Cells
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Author : Hui Huang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-11-25
Organic And Hybrid Solar Cells written by Hui Huang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book delivers a comprehensive evaluation of organic and hybrid solar cells and identifies their fundamental principles and numerous applications. Great attention is given to the charge transport mechanism, donor and acceptor materials, interfacial materials, alternative electrodes, device engineering and physics, and device stability. The authors provide an industrial perspective on the future of photovoltaic technologies.
Interfacial And Electrode Modifications In P3ht Pc61bm Based Organic Solar Cells
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Author : Sayantan Das
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Interfacial And Electrode Modifications In P3ht Pc61bm Based Organic Solar Cells written by Sayantan Das and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Electronic dissertations categories.
The inexorable upsurge in the world's energy demand has steered the search for newer renewable energy sources and photovoltaics seemed to be one of the best alternatives for energy production. Among the various photovoltaic technologies that emerged, organic/polymer photovoltaics based on solution processed bulk-heterojunctions (BHJ) of semiconducting polymers has gained serious attention owing to the use of inexpensive light-weight materials, exhibiting high mechanical flexibility and compatibility with low temperature roll-to-roll manufacturing techniques on flexible substrates. The most widely studied material to date is the blend of regioregular P3HT and PC61BM used as donor and acceptor materials. The object of this study was to investigate and improve the performance/stability of the organic solar cells by use of inexpensive materials. In an attempt to enhance the efficiency of organic solar cells, we have demonstrated the use of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode in bulk heterojunction solar cell structure The device studies showed a significant enhancement in the short-circuit current as well as in the shunt resistance on use of the hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) layer. In another approach a p-type CuI hole-transport layer was utilized that could possibly replace the acidic PEDOT:PSS layer in the fabrication of high-efficiency solar cells. The device optimization was done by varying the concentration of CuI in the precursor solution which played an important role in the efficiency of the solar cell devices. Recently a substantial amount of research has been focused on identifying suitable interfacial layers in organic solar cells which has efficient charge transport properties. It was illustrated that a thin layer of silver oxide interfacial layer showed a 28% increase in power conversion efficiency in comparison to that of the control cell. The optoelectronic properties and morphological features of indium-free ZnO/Ag/MoOx electrodes was also studied. Organic solar cells on these composite electrodes revealed good optical and electrical properties, making them a promising alternative indium free and PEDOT:PSS-free organic solar cells. Lastly, inverted solar cells utilizing zinc oxide and yttrium doped zinc oxide electron transport was also created and their device properties revealed that optimum annealing conditions and yttrium doping was essential to obtain high efficiency solar cells.
Fabrication And Characterization Of Low Cost Solar Cells Based On Earth Abundant Materials For Sustainable Photovoltaics
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Author : Mahmoud Abdelfatah
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2016-07-08
Fabrication And Characterization Of Low Cost Solar Cells Based On Earth Abundant Materials For Sustainable Photovoltaics written by Mahmoud Abdelfatah and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The low cost and low temperature electrochemical deposition technique was employed to grow Cu2O thin films and ZnO:Al thin films were deposited by d.c. magnetron sputtering in order to fabricate solar cells. The potentiostatic and galvanostatic electrodeposition modes were used to deposit the Cu2O thin films. Raman spectra of thin films have shown characteristic frequencies of crystalline Cu2O. The contact between Cu2O and Au is found to be an Ohmic contact. The devices grown by a potentiostatic mode have higher efficiency than those grown by a galvanostatic mode. The optimum thickness of Cu2O thin films as an absorber layer in solar cells. was found to be around 3 µm respect to a high efficiency. Flexible and light weight solar cell was fabricated on plastic substrate.
Progress In High Efficient Solution Process Organic Photovoltaic Devices
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Author : Yang Yang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-02-17
Progress In High Efficient Solution Process Organic Photovoltaic Devices written by Yang Yang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents an important technique to process organic photovoltaic devices. The basics, materials aspects and manufacturing of photovoltaic devices with solution processing are explained. Solution processable organic solar cells - polymer or solution processable small molecules - have the potential to significantly reduce the costs for solar electricity and energy payback time due to the low material costs for the cells, low cost and fast fabrication processes (ambient, roll-to-roll), high material utilization etc. In addition, organic photovoltaics (OPV) also provides attractive properties like flexibility, colorful displays and transparency which could open new market opportunities. The material and device innovations lead to improved efficiency by 8% for organic photovoltaic solar cells, compared to 4% in 2005. Both academic and industry research have significant interest in the development of this technology. This book gives an overview of the booming technology, focusing on the solution process for organic solar cells and provides a state-of-the-art report of the latest developments. World class experts cover fundamental, materials, devices and manufacturing technology of OPV technology.
