Diamond Formation Due To A Ph Drop During Fluid Rock Interactions
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Diamond Formation Due To A Ph Drop During Fluid Rock Interactions
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Diamond Formation Due To A Ph Drop During Fluid Rock Interactions written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Diamond formation has typically been attributed to redox reactions during precipitation from fluids or magmas. Either the oxidation of methane or the reduction of carbon dioxide has been suggested, based on simplistic models of deep fluids consisting of mixtures of dissolved neutral gas molecules without consideration of aqueous ions. The role of pH changes associated with water-silicate rock interactions during diamond formation is unknown. Here we show that diamonds could form due to a drop in pH during water-rock interactions. We use a recent theoretical model of deep fluids that includes ions, to show that fluid can react irreversibly with eclogite at 900 °C and 5.0 GPa, generating diamond and secondary minerals due to a decrease in pH at almost constant oxygen fugacity. Overall, our results constitute a new quantitative theory of diamond formation as a consequence of the reaction of deep fluids with the rock types that they encounter during migration. Diamond can form in the deep Earth during water-rock interactions without changes in oxidation state.
Nano And Micro Diamond Formation In Nature
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Author : Sergei Simakov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-11-04
Nano And Micro Diamond Formation In Nature written by Sergei Simakov and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-04 with Science categories.
In this book, readers will gain a deep understanding of the distinct characteristics and intricate formation mechanisms behind each type of diamond. A standout feature of this book is its in-depth exploration of nanodiamonds, shedding light on their unique formation processes. The narrative is thoughtfully organized, covering four main categories of natural diamonds and their related formation processes: 1)Interstellar nanodiamond particles; 2) Nano- and microcrustal diamonds associated with coals, sediments, and metamorphic rocks; 3) Nanodiamonds and microdiamonds associated with secondary alterations of mafic and ultramafic rocks mainly in the oceanic lithosphere; 4) Mantle-derived diamonds associated with kimberlites and their xenoliths, such as peridotites and eclogites. With clarity and precision, this book caters to both researchers and students in the fields of mineralogy and mineral formation. This book serves as an invaluable resource, offering an all-encompassing perspective on diamond formation, appealing to those curious minds eager to delve into the captivating realm of these precious gems.
Diamond Genesis Mineralogy And Geochemistry
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Author : Karen Smit
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2023-05-03
Diamond Genesis Mineralogy And Geochemistry written by Karen Smit and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-03 with Science categories.
Diamond is the record-setter in many mineralogical properties such as hardness, diffusivity, thermal conductivity, purity, and covalency of bonding. Similarly, diamond, as the premier gemstone of the mantle holds primacy for geological features such as age and depth of origin. Diamond was among the first crystalline structures to be solved by X-ray diffraction and the first materials measured for their Raman spectrum. At more than 80 billion USD in yearly commercial value, diamond sets the record for the most traded, valuable mineral on the planet. Despite its chemical simplicity, diamond has been the object of more research effort, and had more scientific and popular press pages written about it, than any other mineral.
Carbon In Earth S Interior
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Author : Craig E. Manning
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-04-10
Carbon In Earth S Interior written by Craig E. Manning and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-10 with Science categories.
This book is Open Access. A digital copy can be downloaded for free from Wiley Online Library. Explores the behavior of carbon in minerals, melts, and fluids under extreme conditions Carbon trapped in diamonds and carbonate-bearing rocks in subduction zones are examples of the continuing exchange of substantial carbon between Earth’s surface and its interior. However, there is still much to learn about the forms, transformations, and movements of carbon deep inside the Earth. Carbon in Earth's Interior presents recent research on the physical and chemical behavior of carbon-bearing materials and serves as a reference point for future carbon science research. Volume highlights include: Data from mineral physics, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, and geodynamics Research on the deep carbon cycle and carbon in magmas or fluids Dynamics, structure, stability, and reactivity of carbon-based natural materials Properties of allied substances that carry carbon Rates of chemical and physical transformations of carbon The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Deep Carbon
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Author : Beth N. Orcutt
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-10-17
Deep Carbon written by Beth N. Orcutt and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-17 with Nature categories.
A comprehensive guide to carbon inside Earth - its quantities, movements, forms, origins, changes over time and impact on planetary processes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
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Author : 로버트 M. 헤이즌
language : ko
Publisher: 뿌리와이파리
Release Date : 2022-08-29
written by 로버트 M. 헤이즌 and has been published by 뿌리와이파리 this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-29 with Science categories.
생명의 원소이자 종말의 원소, 탄소 탄소의 탄생부터 기후위기 해결의 실마리까지 세계적인 탄소과학자 헤이즌이 들려주는 탄소에 대한 모든 것! 지금 당신 주변에 보이는 물건들 중에 탄소가 들어 있지 않은 물건을 찾을 수 있는가? 아마도 쉽지 않을 것이다. 우리가 먹는 음식, 숨 쉬는 공기, 잠자는 이불은 물론이거니와 종이, 나무, 약물, 페인트, 고무, 플라스틱 등 실생활에서 사용하는 대부분의 물건에는 탄소가 들어 있다. 탄소는 물질을 구성할 뿐만 아니라 생명의 원소로서 생명 탄생의 비밀과도 깊게 연관되어 있다. 탄소가 이렇게 다양한 형태로 존재할 수 있는 이유는, 반응성이 너무 크지도 작지도 않을뿐더러, 최외각전자가 네 개여서 다른 원자들과 다양한 조합으로 결합을 할 수 있기 때문이다. 생명의 분자인 아미노산이 하늘과 바다에서 최초로 합성되는 데에도 탄소의 이런 특성이 큰 역할을 했다. 그렇다면 탄소는 언제 처음 만들어졌을까? 흔히 알고 있는 바로 탄소는 별에서 일어나는 핵융합 반응의 결과물이다. 그래서 칼 세이건은 우리가 ‘별의 먼지’로 이루어진 존재라고 했다. 하지만 이탈리아의 물리학자 파비오 이오코의 연구에 따르면, 약 개(현존 탄소의 1조분의 1)의 탄소 원자가 최초의 별이 탄생하기보다도 훨씬 이전, 그러니까 빅뱅 직후 채 20분이 지나지 않아 합성되었다. 하여 우리는 ‘별 먼지’뿐만 아니라 148억 년 전의 ‘빅뱅 먼지’로도 이루어진 존재다. 전작 『지구 이야기』, 『과학의 열쇠』, 『제너시스』 등으로 널리 알려진 로버트 헤이즌은 세계 최고의 탄소 전문가이자 40년 동안 여러 관현악단에서 트럼펫을 연주한 프로급 음악가다(첼리스트 요요마와의 에피소드가 책에 실려 있다). 그가 『탄소 교향곡』을 썼다. 글로 쓴 교향곡이라니… 처음에는 본인도 갸웃했지만, 그는 2년 만에 걸작을 만들어냈다. 탄소과학의 여러 이야기들을 짜임새 있게 배치한 헤이즌의 글에는 여러 악기가 어우러져 하나의 울림을 자아내는 교향곡과 같은 감동이 있다.
Fluid And Rock Interactions In Silicate And Aluminosilicate Systems At Elevated Pressure And Temperature
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Author : Mary Kathleen Davis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Fluid And Rock Interactions In Silicate And Aluminosilicate Systems At Elevated Pressure And Temperature written by Mary Kathleen Davis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Mineralogical Magazine
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Mineralogical Magazine written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Mineralogy categories.
Mineralogical abstracts issued as a separately paged supplement, 1920-
Gold Transporting Hydrothermal Fluids In The Earth S Crust
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Author : P.S. Garofalo
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2014-09-16
Gold Transporting Hydrothermal Fluids In The Earth S Crust written by P.S. Garofalo and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-16 with Science categories.
Hydrothermal ore deposits that are exploited for gold include both gold-only deposits, such as orogenic deposits, and gold-bearing examples of the common hydrothermal deposits types that are formed around upper-crustal magmatic centres, in particular porphyry and epithermal deposits. Fluid-inclusion data have shown that ore fluids of gold-only deposits are compositionally distinct compared to fluids of other deposit types. This Special Publication includes an up-to-date summary of thermodynamic parameters of aqueous Au species at high temperatures and pressures; a dataset of fluid inclusion properties and compositions from orogenic deposits of different parts of the world; several comprehensive case studies of different types of gold deposits and their fluids from USA, Brazil, Egypt, Slovakia and Bulgaria; and numerical modelling aimed to define key parameters that affect fluid flow and gold deposition at a range of scales.
Fluids In The Earth S Crust
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Author : W.S. Fyfe
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Fluids In The Earth S Crust written by W.S. Fyfe and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
Fluids in the Earth’s Crust explores the generation and migration of fluids in the crust and their influence on the structure. This book also deals with the collection and concentration of these fluids into commercially possible reservoirs or their fossil trace formed as ore bodies. Chapter one of this book discusses fluid motion and geochemical and tectonic processes. It then defines fluid, discusses the rocks in the surface environment, and provides evidence of the changes of a rock’s position and the motion of fluids. This book also explores the chemistry of natural fluids, including the composition of ocean water; pore water and deep-drill fluids; metamorphic fluids; fluid inclusions; and magmatic fluids. Volatile species in minerals, such as water, carbon and carbon dioxide, chlorine, fluorine, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen and other inert gases, are presented in this book. Other chapters in this book cover the solubility of minerals and physical chemistry of their solutions; the metamorphic reactions and processes; buffer systems; rock deformation; crustal conditions; dewatering of crust; and diapirism. The last part of the book discusses fluids, tectonics, and chemical transport. This book will be of great value to mining and oil geologists, as well as to pure geologists.
