Die Eroberung Gyptens Durch Die Araber Und Ihre Vertragliche Fixierung In Den Jahren 639 645
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Die Eroberung Gyptens Durch Die Araber Und Ihre Vertragliche Fixierung In Den Jahren 639 645
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Author : Daniel Quadbeck
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2005-05-09
Die Eroberung Gyptens Durch Die Araber Und Ihre Vertragliche Fixierung In Den Jahren 639 645 written by Daniel Quadbeck and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-05-09 with History categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europas - Mittelalter, Frühe Neuzeit, Note: 1, Freie Universität Berlin (Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut), Veranstaltung: Aufstieg des Islam und die arabischen Eroberungen - Ende oder Transformation der Antike?, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Rekonstruktion der Eroberung der byzantinischen Provinz Ägypten durch die Araber während der Jahre 639-646 n. Chr. wirft eine Vielzahl von Fragen auf, deren Beantwortung größtenteils nur spekulativ erfolgen kann. Das Hauptproblem in der Bearbeitung dieses Themas liegt in den zum Teil sehr widersprüchlichen Aussagen der Que llen begründet, die die einzelnen Ereignisse und ihre Chronologie abhängig vom eigenen Standpunkt des jeweiligen Autors nur sehr tendenziös wiedergeben. Erschwert wird die Situation noch dadurch, dass die vorhandenen Quellen zudem zeitlich weit auseinander liegen und in späteren Quellenwerken nur durch ihre Wiedergabe als Übersetzung oder in Form einer literarischen Zusammenstellung erhalten sind. Bei der Quellenkritik ist deshalb nicht nur darauf Rücksicht zu nehmen, in welchem Umfeld die entsprechende Quelle entstanden ist, sondern auch zu welchem Zeitpunkt. Teilweise kann aus den in einer Quelle behandelten Fragen darauf geschlossen werden, dass es sich womöglich um spätere Fälschungen handelt, die zur Untermauerung verschiedenartiger Ansprüche rückdatiert wurden. Wenn der Quellentext nur noch nach mehrfacher Übersetzung überliefert ist, muss in Rechnung gestellt werden, dass die ursprüngliche Aussage möglicherweise – beabsichtigt oder unbeabsichtigt – verändert wurde. Bei literarischen Überlieferungen muss der Wahrheitsgehalt einer Quelle noch stärker hinterfragt werden, insbesondere dann, wenn der Autor der Zusammenstellung möglicherweise gar nicht den Anspruch hatte, alle Ereignisse wahrheitsgetreu zu schildern, sondern vielleicht durch eigene Ausmalungen oder Abänderungen einen eigenen Spannungsbogen in die Geschichte integr ieren wollte. Diese Fragen können im Rahmen der Übersicht über die wichtigsten Quellen nur annäherungsweise beantwortet werden. Vorrangiges Ziel dieser Hausarbeit ist es, der Frage nachzugehen, wie die Vertragspolitik der Araber und ihr Umgang mit den eroberten Gebieten dazu beitrug, die Eroberung schnell und erfolgreich durchzuführen und innerhalb eines sehr kurzen Zeitraumes die innere Stabilität Ägyptens wieder herzustellen. Das in den arabischen Quellen sehr gut dokumentierte Instrument ist der Friedens vertrag, der mit der lokalen Bevölkerung unmittelbar nach Einnahme einer Stadt oder Region geschlossen wurde. [...]
Inscribed Hadra Vases In The Metropolitan Museum Of Art
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Author : Brian F. Cook
language : en
Publisher: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Release Date : 1966
Inscribed Hadra Vases In The Metropolitan Museum Of Art written by Brian F. Cook and has been published by Metropolitan Museum of Art this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Vases categories.
A Heritage Of Holy Wood
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Author : Barbara Baert
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2004-01-01
A Heritage Of Holy Wood written by Barbara Baert and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with Religion categories.
This fascinating study reconstructs the tradition of the Legend of the True Cross in text and image, from its tentative beginnings in 4th-century Jerusalem to the culminating expression of its multi-layered cosmic content in 14th and 15th-century monumental cycles in Germany and Italy.
M Tullii Ciceronis De Natura Deorum
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Author : Marcus Tullius Cicero
language : la
Publisher:
Release Date : 1891
M Tullii Ciceronis De Natura Deorum written by Marcus Tullius Cicero and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1891 with categories.
The Making Of Europe
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Author : Christopher Dawson
language : en
Publisher: CUA Press
Release Date : 2002
The Making Of Europe written by Christopher Dawson and has been published by CUA Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with History categories.
Christopher Dawson concludes that the period of the fourth to the eleventh centuries, commonly known as the Dark Ages, is not a barren prelude to the creative energy of the medieval world. Instead, he argues that it is better described as "ages of dawn" for it is in this rich and confused period that the complex and creative interaction of the Roman empire, the Christian Church, the classical tradition, and barbarous societies provided the foundation for a vital, unified European culture. In an age of fragmentation and the emergence of new nationalist forces, Dawson argued that if "our civilization is to survive, it is essential that it should develop a common European consciousness and sense of historic and organic unity." But he was clear that this unity required sources deeper and more complex than the political and economic movements on which so many had come to depend, and he insisted, prophetically, that Europe would need to recover its Christian roots if it was to survive. In a time of cultural and political ambiguity, The making of Europe is an indispensable work for understanding not only the rich sources but also the contemporary implications of the very idea of Europe.
The Price Of Monotheism
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Author : Jan Assmann
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2009-10-29
The Price Of Monotheism written by Jan Assmann and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-29 with Religion categories.
Nothing has so radically transformed the world as the distinction between true and false religion. In this nuanced consideration of his own controversial Moses the Egyptian, renowned Egyptologist Jan Assmann answers his critics, extending and building upon ideas from his previous book. Maintaining that it was indeed the Moses of the Hebrew Bible who introduced the true-false distinction in a permanent and revolutionary form, Assmann reiterates that the price of this monotheistic revolution has been the exclusion, as paganism and heresy, of everything deemed incompatible with the truth it proclaims. This exclusion has exploded time and again into violence and persecution, with no end in sight. Here, for the first time, Assmann traces the repeated attempts that have been made to do away with this distinction since the early modern period. He explores at length the notions of primary versus secondary religions, of "counter-religions," and of book religions versus cultic religions. He also deals with the entry of ethics into religion's very core. Informed by the debate his own work has generated, he presents a compelling lesson in the fluidity of cultural identity and beliefs.
Style And Civilizations
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Author : Alfred Louis Kroeber
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 1963
Style And Civilizations written by Alfred Louis Kroeber and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1963 with Civilization categories.
The Reign Of Heraclius 610 641
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Author : G. J. Reinink
language : en
Publisher: Peeters Publishers
Release Date : 2002
The Reign Of Heraclius 610 641 written by G. J. Reinink and has been published by Peeters Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Byzantine Empire categories.
This volume includes the thirteen papers which were presented during the workshop The Reign of Heraclius: Crisis and Confrontation, which took place from 19 to 21 April 2001 at the University of Groningen. The long reign of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius (610-641) saw drastic political changes: the conquest of the eastern provinces of the empire by the Persians (603-620), Heraclius' counter-offensive and recovery of these territories (622-628), and the definitive loss of almost the whole Byzantine east in the 630s and early 640s to the Muslim Arabs. Did these historical events cause significant changes in the administrative, political, military and ecclesiastical structures and institutions of the empire? And if so, how did they affect imperial ideology and propaganda and the range of ideas concerning the empire and the emperor which circulated in the different religious communities? In the contributions presented in this book these and other questions are discussed by outstanding scholars of Byzantine history and culture, Eastern Christianity, Judaism and Islam.
The Last Great War Of Antiquity
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Author : James Howard-Johnston
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021
The Last Great War Of Antiquity written by James Howard-Johnston and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with History categories.
The last great war of antiquity was fought on an unprecedented scale along the full length of the Persian-Roman frontier. James Howard-Johnston pieces together the fragmentary evidence of this period to form, for the first time, a coherent story of the dramatic events, key players, and vast lands over which the conflict spread.
Byzantine Rome And The Greek Popes
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Author : Andrew J. Ekonomou
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2007-01-26
Byzantine Rome And The Greek Popes written by Andrew J. Ekonomou and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-26 with Religion categories.
Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes examines the scope and extent to which the East influenced Rome and the Papacy following the Justinian Reconquest of Italy in the middle of the sixth century through the pontificate of Zacharias and the collapse of the exarchate of Ravenna in 752. A combination of factors resulted in the arrival of significant numbers of easterners in Rome, and those immigrants had brought with them a number of eastern customs and practices previously unknown in the city. Greek influence became apparent in art, religious ceremonial and liturgics, sacred music, the rhetoric of doctrinal debate, the growth of eastern monastic communities, and charitable institutions, and the proliferation of the cults of eastern saints and ecclesiastical feast days and, in particular, devotion to the Theotokos or Mother of God. From the late seventh to the middle of the eighth century, eleven of the thirteen Roman pontiffs were the sons of families of eastern provenance. While conceding that over the course of the seventh century Rome indeed experienced the impact of an important Greek element, some scholars of the period have insisted that the degree to which Rome and the Papacy were 'orientalized' has been exaggerated, while others argue that the extent of their 'byzantinization' has not been fully appreciated. The question has also been raised as to whether Rome's oriental popes were responsible for sowing the seeds of separatism from Byzantium and laying the foundation for a future papal state, or whether they were loyal imperial subjects ever steadfast politically, although not always so in matters of the faith, to the reigning sovereign in Constantinople. Finally, there is the important issue of whether one could still speak of a single and undivided imperium Roman christianum in the seventh and early eighth centuries or whether the concept of imperial unity in the epoch following Gregory the Great was a quaint and fanciful fiction as East and West, ignoring and misunderstanding one another, began to go their separate ways. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes provides a guide through this complicated and often contradictory history.