Die Verhandlungen Im Vorfeld Und Die Reparationen In Der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone 1945 Bis 1949
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Die Verhandlungen Im Vorfeld Und Die Reparationen In Der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone 1945 Bis 1949
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Author : Ben Büttner
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2009
Die Verhandlungen Im Vorfeld Und Die Reparationen In Der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone 1945 Bis 1949 written by Ben Büttner and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business & Economics categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte, Note: 1, Technische Universität Dresden, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der 8. Mai 1945 - Dresden liegt schon in Schutt und Asche, Mussolini und seine Geliebte Clara Petacci sind unlängst von Partisanen erschossen worden, Hitlers und Eva Brauns Leichen ruhen verbrannt im Garten der Reichskanzlei. Die Wehrmacht ist besiegt, der Volkssturm abgeflaut, der Krieg, der nie hätte beginnen dürfen, ist aus, viel zu spät. Nachts zuvor unterzeichneten die Generäle von Friedeburg und Jodl die bedingungslose Kapitulation bereits in Reims, nun aber, da die Kapitulationsurkunde im sowjetischen Hauptquartier in Karlshorst von General Keitel ratifiziert wurde, war die Einstellung aller Kampfhandlungen zumindest in Europa vollbracht1. 7,3 Millionen Deutsche ließen in diesem fast sechs Jahre dauernden Inferno ihr Leben, davon 2,5 Millionen Zivilisten. Die Verluste aller anderen teilnehmenden Staaten betrugen nach dem verheerenden Feldzug der Verbände der Wehrmacht und der SS in ganz Europa unvorstellbare 47 Millionen Menschen2, davon hatte die Sowjetunion den Löwenanteil zu beklagen. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg starben schätzungsweise 20 bis 30 Millionen Soldaten der Roten Armee und sowjetische Zivilisten3. Aber wie nun weiter? Natürlich hatte es bereits zuvor Beratungen der Siegermächte gegeben. Einig war man sich u.a. gewesen über die komplette Besetzung Nazideutschlands. Die Fehler, welche unbestritten nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg gemacht wurden und die quasi den Weg in dieses neuerliche Blutbad ebneten, sollten keinesfalls wiederholt werden. Zu diesen früheren Nachlässigkeiten gehörte allerdings auch die Reparationsfrage. Nach dem vorherigen Krieg war weder die genaue Höhe noch die Art und Weise der deutschen Verpflichtungen gegenüber den Gläubigern festgelegt worden, was immer wieder Anlass zu Spekulationen bot und für unnötigen Konfliktstoff sorgte. Nachbesserungen bzw. erstmalige Festlegungen wurden nöti
Die Verhandlungen Im Vorfeld Und Die Reparationen In Der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone 1945 Bis 1949
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Author : Ben Büttner
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2009-12-18
Die Verhandlungen Im Vorfeld Und Die Reparationen In Der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone 1945 Bis 1949 written by Ben Büttner and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-18 with Social Science categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte, Note: 1, Technische Universität Dresden, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der 8. Mai 1945 – Dresden liegt schon in Schutt und Asche, Mussolini und seine Geliebte Clara Petacci sind unlängst von Partisanen erschossen worden, Hitlers und Eva Brauns Leichen ruhen verbrannt im Garten der Reichskanzlei. Die Wehrmacht ist besiegt, der Volkssturm abgeflaut, der Krieg, der nie hätte beginnen dürfen, ist aus, viel zu spät. Nachts zuvor unterzeichneten die Generäle von Friedeburg und Jodl die bedingungslose Kapitulation bereits in Reims, nun aber, da die Kapitulationsurkunde im sowjetischen Hauptquartier in Karlshorst von General Keitel ratifiziert wurde, war die Einstellung aller Kampfhandlungen zumindest in Europa vollbracht1. 7,3 Millionen Deutsche ließen in diesem fast sechs Jahre dauernden Inferno ihr Leben, davon 2,5 Millionen Zivilisten. Die Verluste aller anderen teilnehmenden Staaten betrugen nach dem verheerenden Feldzug der Verbände der Wehrmacht und der SS in ganz Europa unvorstellbare 47 Millionen Menschen2, davon hatte die Sowjetunion den Löwenanteil zu beklagen. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg starben schätzungsweise 20 bis 30 Millionen Soldaten der Roten Armee und sowjetische Zivilisten3. Aber wie nun weiter? Natürlich hatte es bereits zuvor Beratungen der Siegermächte gegeben. Einig war man sich u.a. gewesen über die komplette Besetzung Nazideutschlands. Die Fehler, welche unbestritten nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg gemacht wurden und die quasi den Weg in dieses neuerliche Blutbad ebneten, sollten keinesfalls wiederholt werden. Zu diesen früheren Nachlässigkeiten gehörte allerdings auch die Reparationsfrage. Nach dem vorherigen Krieg war weder die genaue Höhe noch die Art und Weise der deutschen Verpflichtungen gegenüber den Gläubigern festgelegt worden, was immer wieder Anlass zu Spekulationen bot und für unnötigen Konfliktstoff sorgte. Nachbesserungen bzw. erstmalige Festlegungen wurden nötig, bis nach längeren heftigen Streitigkeiten die Einstellung der Reparationen nur noch eine Formsache war. Im Folgenden soll nun untersucht werden, wie die Reparationsfrage nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges gehandhabt wurde, und dies am Beispiel der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone (SBZ).
Full Employment In A Free Society Works Of William H Beveridge
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Author : William H. Beveridge
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-11-27
Full Employment In A Free Society Works Of William H Beveridge written by William H. Beveridge and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-27 with Business & Economics categories.
Beveridge defined full employment as a state where there are slightly more vacant jobs than there are available workers, or not more than 3% of the total workforce. This book discusses how this goal might be achieved, beginning with the thesis that because individual employers are not capable of creating full employment, it must be the responsibility of the state. Beveridge claimed that the upward pressure on wages, due to the increased bargaining strength of labour, would be eased by rising productivity, and kept in check by a system of wage arbitration. The cooperation of workers would be secured by the common interest in the ideal of full employment. Alternative measures for achieving full employment included Keynesian-style fiscal regulation, direct control of manpower, and state control of the means of production. The impetus behind Beveridge's thinking was social justice and the creation of an ideal new society after the war. The book was written in the context of an economy which would have to transfer from wartime direction to peace time. It was then updated in 1960, following a decade where the average unemployment rate in Britain was in fact nearly 1.5%.
The American Presidency
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Author : Harold J. Laski
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-09-02
The American Presidency written by Harold J. Laski and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-02 with Political Science categories.
First Published in 1940, The American Presidency is the first full length study of the presidency in action in America to be written by an Englishman. It explains the working of the complicated system over which the President presides and particularly the vexed question of the dual control of foreign relations in the United States. Professor Laski offers a new theory of the place of the presidency in American life and, incidentally, throws light on the inner nature of the other great Anglo-Saxon democracy. His Book is more than a formal description. It is essentially a novel interpretation of the greatest elective office in the democratic world. This is a must-read historical reference work for students of politics, American politics, and American history.
Repressed Remitted Rejected
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Author : Dr. Karl Heinz Roth
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2021-12-10
Repressed Remitted Rejected written by Dr. Karl Heinz Roth and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-10 with Political Science categories.
Since unification, the Federal Republic of Germany has made vaunted efforts to make amends for the crimes of the Third Reich. Yet it remains the case that the demands for restitution by many countries that were occupied during the Second World War are unresolved, and recent demands from Greece and Poland have only reignited old debates. This book reconstructs the German occupation of Poland and Greece and gives a thorough accounting of these debates. Working from the perspective of international law, it deepens the scholarly discourse around the issue, clarifying the ‘never-ending story’ of German reparations policy and making a principled call for further action. A compilation of primary sources comprising 125 annotated key texts (512 pages) on the complexity of reparations discussions covering the period between 1941 and the end of 2017 is available for free on the Berghahn Books website, doi: 10.3167/9781800732575.dd.
James F Byrnes And The Origins Of The Cold War
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Author : Kendrick A. Clements
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
James F Byrnes And The Origins Of The Cold War written by Kendrick A. Clements and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
The Deal Churchill Truman And Stalin Remake The World
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Author : Charles L. Mee Jr.
language : en
Publisher: New Word City
Release Date : 2014-08-05
The Deal Churchill Truman And Stalin Remake The World written by Charles L. Mee Jr. and has been published by New Word City this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-05 with History categories.
For two weeks in the summer of 1945, Winston Churchill, Harry Truman, and Josef Stalin gathered to reconstruct the world out of the ruins of World War II. They met "only a few miles," as President Truman noted, "from the war-shattered seat of Nazi power" - around a baize-covered table in the Cecilienhof Palace at Potsdam, a suburb of Berlin. The Allied powers had met twice before, engaging in the cordial horse-trading of properties and promises, to perpetuate a united military front against Germany. Potsdam, however, was different. With Germany defeated, the Allies knew victory in the Far East was imminent. The objective was no longer how to unite for victory, but how instead to divide the spoils and create a new balance of power. In The Deal, Charles L. Mee Jr. demonstrates how, with national self-interest the primary motivation, peace was destined to be sacrificed to deliberate discord. If Allied harmony would stand in the way of expanding "spheres of influence," then it would become necessary to maintain the political expedient of aggression. What did each power want and were these objectives of sufficient importance to warrant forfeiting peace? Would the outcome have been different had Churchill's rhetoric been less powerfully disruptive, had Stalin been surer of domestic calm, had Truman been more open? Would the history of the last seventy years have been the same? Through logbooks, eyewitness accounts, and conference transcripts, Mee vividly reconstructs this moment in history, when three men came together to forge a peace and a new face for Western Europe and left with a tri-partite declaration of the Cold War.
The Political System Of The Federal Republic Of Germany
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Author : Klaus von Beyme
language : en
Publisher: Gower Publishing Company, Limited
Release Date : 1983
The Political System Of The Federal Republic Of Germany written by Klaus von Beyme and has been published by Gower Publishing Company, Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Political Science categories.
Stalin S War Of Extermination 1941 1945 Planning Realization And Documentation
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Author : Joachim Hoffmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Stalin S War Of Extermination 1941 1945 Planning Realization And Documentation written by Joachim Hoffmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with History categories.
The breakthrough bestseller by a German academic (and longtime researcher with the German military archives) that documented Stalin's murderous war against the German army and the German people to today's German public. Based on the late Joachim Hoffmann's lifelong study of German and Russian military records, Stalin's War of Extermination not only reveals--as never before--the Red Army's grisly record of atrocities against soldiers and civilians, but establishes beyond cavil that torture, murder, and rape of the captive and the helpless was official Soviet policy, as ordered by Comrade J.V. Stalin. In detail: Since the 1920s, Stalin planned to invade Western Europe in order to initiate the "World Revolution." The outbreak of war between Germany and the Western Allies in 1939 gave Stalin the opportunity to prepare an attack against Europe which was unparalleled in history both in terms of Stalin's far-reaching goals as well as in terms of the amount of troops and armaments amassed at the Soviet border. Of course, Stalin's aggressive intentions did not escape Germany's notice who in turn planned a preventive strike against the Red Army. However, the Germans obviously underestimated both the strength of the Red Army and the determination of its leaders. What unfolded in June 1941 was undoubtedly the most-cruel war in history. Dr. Hoffmann's book shows in detail how Stalin and his Bolshevik henchman used unimaginable violence and atrocities to break any resistance in the Red Army and to force their unwilling soldiers to fight against the Germans who were anticipated as liberators from Stalinist oppression by most Russians. Stalin ordered not only to kill all German POWs, but also to kill Soviet soldiers who fell into German hands alive, because they failed to fight to their death. Dr. Hoffmann also explains how Soviet propagandists incited their soldiers to unlimited hatred against everything German, and he gives the reader a short but extremely unpleasant glimpse into what happened when these Soviet soldiers, dehumanized by Soviet propaganda and brutality, finally reached German soil in 1945: A gigantic wave of looting, arson, rape, torture, and mass murder befell East Germany. After reading this book, the world should thank the German Army that they prevented Stalin from succeeding with his plans of World Revolution, despite all the wrongdoings the Germans committed themselves. An indispensable book for all students of World War II as it actually happened, as well as a revisionist classic that has shaken anti-German propagandists to the marrow.
The Marshall Plan
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Author : Benn Steil
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-03-08
The Marshall Plan written by Benn Steil and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-08 with History categories.
With Britain's empire collapsing and Stalin's ascendant, U.S. officials under new Secretary of State George C. Marshall set out to reconstruct western Europe as a bulwark against communist authoritarianism. Their massive, costly, and ambitious undertaking would confront Europeans and Americans alike with a vision at odds with their history and self-conceptions. In the process, they would drive the creation of NATO, the European Union, and a Western identity that continues to shape world events. This is the story behind the birth of the Cold War, and the U.S.-led liberal global order, told with verve, insight, and resonance for today. Bringing to bear fascinating new material from American, Russian, German, and other European archives, Benn Steil's book will forever change how we see the Marshall Plan. Focusing on the critical years 1947 to 1949, Steil's gripping narrative takes us through the seminal episodes marking the collapse of postwar U.S.-Soviet relations: the Prague coup, the Berlin blockade, and the division of Germany. In each case, Stalin's determination to crush the Marshall Plan and undermine American power in Europe is vividly portrayed. And in a riveting epilogue, Steil shows how the forces which clove Europe in two after the Second World War have reasserted themselves since the collapse of the Soviet Union. A polished and masterly work of historical narrative, The Marshall Plan is an instant classic of Cold War literature.