Dissolved Hyperpolarized 129xe Mri For Functional Imaging Of Radiation Induced Lung Injury
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Dissolved Hyperpolarized 129xe Mri For Functional Imaging Of Radiation Induced Lung Injury
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Author : Brandon Zanette
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Dissolved Hyperpolarized 129xe Mri For Functional Imaging Of Radiation Induced Lung Injury written by Brandon Zanette and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the lungs allows for the visualization of the spatial distribution of gas in the pulmonary airspaces upon inhalation by taking advantage of the 100,000 fold increase in signal. This technique yields high quality anatomical and functional images of the lungs that is otherwise difficult with conventional MRI. Direct imaging of lung ventilation is useful for the detection and quantification of obstructive lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, and asthma. An added advantage of 129Xe is its solubility in bodily tissues such as the lung parenchyma and red blood cells, allowing for the detection of signals from beyond the airspaces. This property of 129Xe may be exploited to probe gas exchange upon inhalation, making HP 129Xe MRI a powerful tool for the investigation of terminal airway dysfunction in a variety of pulmonary diseases. However, the inherent challenges associated with dissolved 129Xe MRI has caused development of these techniques to lag ventilation (gas-phase) HP 129Xe MRI. The work in this thesis is focused on the technical development of dissolved 129Xe imaging techniques for use in both human and rodent experiments. A particular focus is given to radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), a serious and debilitating consequence of radiotherapy that affects a subset of patients. A new rat model of RILI that better represents regional injury is developed and tested. Temporally-resolved dissolved 129Xe imaging techniques for gas exchange mapping are developed and applied to the study of RILI in this model. Changes in lung physiology associated with radiation injury are quantified by parametrically mapping gas exchange. Finally, the techniques developed preclinically are modified and improved for clinical use. Parametric gas exchange mapping is demonstrated in humans. Accelerated dissolved 129Xe MRI with parallel imaging is also demonstrated. The results of this work will aid in the translations of dissolved 129Xe MRI into a clinically useful technique for a variety of lung diseases affecting gas exchange in the lungs, such as RILI.
Hyperpolarized 129xe Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Radiation Induced Lung Injury
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Author : Ozkan Doganay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Hyperpolarized 129xe Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Radiation Induced Lung Injury written by Ozkan Doganay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Lung cancer is the largest contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Only 20% of stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients survive after 5-years post radiation therapy (RT). Although RT is an important treatment modality for lung cancer, it is limited by Radiation-Induced Lung Injury (RILI). RILI develops in two phases: (i) the early phase (days-weeks) referred to radiation pneumonitis (RP), and (ii) the late phase (months). There is a strong interest in early detection of RP using imaging to improve outcomes of RT for lung cancer. This thesis describes a promising approach based on 129Xe gas as a contrast agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the lung airspace due to the large increase in signal possible by spin exchange optical pumping, or hyperpolarization (Hp). Additionally, 129Xe provides unique functional information due to its relatively high solubility and significant chemical shift in pulmonary tissue (PT) and red blood cell (RBC) compartments. In this thesis, a specialized Hp 129Xe MRI method was developed for detection of gas exchange abnormalities in the lungs associated with thoracic RT. In particular, the feasibility of quantifying the early phase of RILI is demonstrated in a rat model of RILI two weeks post-irradiation with a single fraction dose of 18 Gy. The challenge of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the dissolved phases was addressed in this work by development and construction of a Transmit-Only/Receive-Only radiofrequency coil. Another challenge addressed in the thesis was the lack of imaging techniques that provide sufficient spatial and temporal information for gas exchange. Therefore, a novel Hp 129Xe MRI technique was developed based on the multi-point IDEAL pulse sequence. The combination of these two developments enabled investigation of regional gas exchange changes associated with RP in the rat lung two weeks post-irradiation to assess the feasibility of early detection of RILI. Theoretical analysis of the gas exchange curves enabled measurements of average PT thickness (LPT) increases consistent with histology and relative blood volume (VRBC) reductions in the irradiated animal cohort compared to a non-irradiated cohort, and between irradiated right lungs compared to unirradiated left lungs in the irradiated cohort.
Hyperpolarized And Inert Gas Mri
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Author : Mitchell S. Albert
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-11-17
Hyperpolarized And Inert Gas Mri written by Mitchell S. Albert and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-17 with Science categories.
Hyperpolarized and Inert Gas MRI: Theory and Applications in Research and Medicine is the first comprehensive volume published on HP gas MRI. Since the 1990’s, when HP gas MRI was invented by Dr. Albert and his colleagues, the HP gas MRI field has grown dramatically. The technique has proven to be a useful tool for diagnosis, disease staging, and therapy evaluation for obstructive lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. HP gas MRI has also been developed for functional imaging of the brain and is presently being developed for molecular imaging, including molecules associated with lung cancer, breast cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Taking into account the ongoing growth of this field and the potential for future clinical applications, the book pulls together the most relevant and cutting-edge research available in HP gas MRI into one resource. Presents the most comprehensive, relevant, and accurate information on HP gas MRI Co-edited by the co-inventor of HP gas MRI, Dr. Albert, with chapter authors who are the leading experts in their respective sub-disciplines Serves as a foundation of understanding of HP gas MRI for researchers and clinicians involved in research, technology development, and clinical use with HP gas MRI Covers all hyperpolarized gases, including helium, the gas with which the majority of HP gas MRI has been conducted
Pulmonary Functional Imaging
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Author : Yoshiharu Ohno
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-12-11
Pulmonary Functional Imaging written by Yoshiharu Ohno and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-11 with Medical categories.
This book reviews the basics of pulmonary functional imaging using new CT and MR techniques and describes the clinical applications of these techniques in detail. The intention is to equip readers with a full understanding of pulmonary functional imaging that will allow optimal application of all relevant techniques in the assessment of a variety of diseases, including COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer and pulmonary nodule. Pulmonary functional imaging has been promoted as a research and diagnostic tool that has the capability to overcome the limitations of morphological assessments as well as functional evaluation based on traditional nuclear medicine studies. The recent advances in CT and MRI and in medical image processing and analysis have given further impetus to pulmonary functional imaging and provide the basis for future expansion of its use in clinical applications. In documenting the utility of state-of-the-art pulmonary functional imaging in diagnostic radiology and pulmonary medicine, this book will be of high value for chest radiologists, pulmonologists, pulmonary surgeons, and radiation technologists.
Mri Of The Lung
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Author : Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-11-12
Mri Of The Lung written by Hans-Ulrich Kauczor and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-12 with Medical categories.
During the past decade significant developments have been achieved in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enabling MRI to enter the clinical arena of chest imaging. Standard protocols can now be implemented on up-to-date scanners, allowing MRI to be used as a first-line imaging modality for various lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and even lung cancer. The diagnostic benefits stem from the ability of MRI to visualize changes in lung structure while simultaneously imaging different aspects of lung function, such as perfusion, respiratory motion, ventilation and gas exchange. On this basis, novel quantitative surrogates for lung function can be obtained. This book provides a comprehensive overview of how to use MRI for imaging of lung disease. Special emphasis is placed on benign diseases requiring regular monitoring, given that it is patients with these diseases who derive the greatest benefit from the avoidance of ionizing radiation.
Hyperpolarized And Inert Gas Mri
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Author : Mitchell S. Albert
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-11-22
Hyperpolarized And Inert Gas Mri written by Mitchell S. Albert and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-22 with Science categories.
Hyperpolarized and Inert Gas MRI: Theory and Applications in Research and Medicine is the first comprehensive volume published on HP gas MRI. Since the 1990's, when HP gas MRI was invented by Dr. Albert and his colleagues, the HP gas MRI field has grown dramatically. The technique has proven to be a useful tool for diagnosis, disease staging, and therapy evaluation for obstructive lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. HP gas MRI has also been developed for functional imaging of the brain and is presently being developed for molecular imaging, including molecules associated with lung cancer, breast cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Taking into account the ongoing growth of this field and the potential for future clinical applications, the book pulls together the most relevant and cutting-edge research available in HP gas MRI into one resource.
Global Surveillance Prevention And Control Of Chronic Respiratory Diseases
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2007
Global Surveillance Prevention And Control Of Chronic Respiratory Diseases written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Chronic diseases categories.
Chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kill more than 4 million people every year, and affect hundreds of millions more. These diseases erode the health and well-being of the patients and have a negative impact on families and societies. This report raises awareness of the huge impact of chronic respiratory diseases worldwide, and highlights the risk factors as well as ways to prevent and treat these diseases.
Mri From Picture To Proton
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Author : Donald W. McRobbie
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-04-13
Mri From Picture To Proton written by Donald W. McRobbie and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-13 with Medical categories.
This new edition includes the latest on quantitative MR, safety, multi-band excitation, Dixon imaging and MR elastography.
Respiratory Monitoring In Mechanical Ventilation
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Author : Jian-Xin Zhou
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-01-27
Respiratory Monitoring In Mechanical Ventilation written by Jian-Xin Zhou and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-27 with Medical categories.
This book covers the up-to-date advancement of respiratory monitoring in ventilation support as well as detecting the physiological responses to therapeutic interventions to avoid complications. Mechanical ventilation nowadays remains the cornerstone in life saving in critically ill patients with and without respiratory failure. However, conclusive evidences show that mechanical ventilation can also cause lung damage, specifically, in terms of ventilator-induced lung injury. Respiratory monitoring encloses a series of physiological and pathophysiological measurements, from basic gas exchange and ventilator wave forms to more sophisticated diaphragm function and lung volume assessments. The progress of respiratory monitoring has always been accompanied by advances in technology. However, how to properly conduct the procedures and correctly interpret the data requires clear definition. The book introduces respiratory monitoring techniques and data analysis, including gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, thoracic imaging, lung volume measurement, and extra-vascular lung water measurement in the initial part. How to interpret the acquired and derived parameters and to illustrate their clinical applications is presented thoroughly. In the following part, the applications of respiratory monitoring in specific diseases and conditions is introduced, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, obstructive pulmonary diseases, patient-ventilator asynchrony, non-invasive ventilation, brain injury with increased intracranial pressure, ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction, and weaning from mechanical ventilation. This book is intended primarily for ICU physicians and other practitioners including respiratory therapists, ICU nurses and trainees who come into contact with patients under mechanical ventilation. This book also provides guidance for clinical researchers who take part in respiratory and mechanical ventilation researches.
Animal Models In Cancer Drug Discovery
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Author : Asfar Azmi
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-04-16
Animal Models In Cancer Drug Discovery written by Asfar Azmi and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-16 with Business & Economics categories.
Animal Models in Cancer Drug Discovery brings forward the most cutting-edge developments in tumor model systems for translational cancer research. The reader can find under this one volume virtually all types of existing and emerging tumor models in use by the research community. This book provides a deeper insight on how these newer models could de-risk modern drug discovery. Areas covered include up to date information on latest organoid derived models and newer genetic models. Additionally, the book discusses humanized animal tumor models for cancer immunotherapy and how they leverage personalized therapies. The chapter on larger animal, canine models and their use in and their use in pre-investigational new drug (pre-IND) development makes the volume unique. Unlike before, the incorporation of several simplified protocols, breeding methodologies, handling and assessment procedures to study drug intervention makes this book a must read. Animal Models in Cancer Drug Discovery is a valuable resource for basic and translational cancer researchers, drug discovery researchers, contract research organizations, and knowledge seekers at all levels in the biomedical field. Encompasses discussions on innovative animal models, xenograft, genetic models, primary models, organoid systems, humanized and other models in modern biology paradigms that are enhancing research in the field of drug discover Covers the use of these models in personalized medicine, immunotherapy, toxicology, pre-IND assessments and related drug development arenas Presents protocols, procedures, and a comprehensive glossary to help new readers understand technical terms and specialized nomenclature