Distortions To World Trade

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Distortions To World Trade

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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2012

Distortions To World Trade written by Kym Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

The authors provide estimates of the impact that removing all merchandise trade distortions (including agricultural subsidies) would have on food and agricultural production, trade, and incomes. Using the latest versions of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database and the World Bank's LINKAGE model of the global economy (projected to 2015), their results suggest farm employment, the real value of agricultural output and exports, the real returns to farm land and unskilled labor, and real net farm incomes would all rise substantially in developing country regions with a move to free merchandise trade, thereby alleviating rural poverty-despite the decline in international terms of trade for developing countries that are net food importers or are enjoying preferential access to agricultural markets of high-income countries.

Domestic Distorions And International Trade

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Author : James E. Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1993

Domestic Distorions And International Trade written by James E. Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Comercio internacional categories.

In this paper we develop techniques for measuring the trade policy equivalent of domestic distortions, using a distance function approach. Our measure, the Trade Restrictiveness Index, is shown to equal the uniform tariff which is welfare-equivalent to a given pattern of domestic taxes and subsidies. We extend the Index to incorporate taxes on non-traded goods and factor markets and illustrate its operationality with an application to liberalization in Mexican agriculture. We conclude that our Index has considerable potential in empirical work and as an aid to trade negotiators.

Would Freeing Up World Trade Reduce Poverty And Inequality The Vexed Role Of Agricultural Distortions

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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

Would Freeing Up World Trade Reduce Poverty And Inequality The Vexed Role Of Agricultural Distortions written by Kym Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.

Trade policy reforms in recent decades have sharply reduced the distortions that were harming agriculture in developing countries, yet global trade in farm products continues to be far more distorted than trade in nonfarm goods. Those distortions reduce some forms of poverty and inequality but worsen others, so the net effects are unclear without empirical modeling. This paper summarizes a series of new economy-wide global and national empirical studies that focus on the net effects of the remaining distortions to world merchandise trade on poverty and inequality globally and in various developing countries. The global LINKAGE model results suggest that removing those remaining distortions would reduce international inequality, largely by boosting net farm incomes and raising real wages for unskilled workers in developing countries, and would reduce the number of poor people worldwide by 3 percent. The analysis based on the Global Trade Analysis Project model for a sample of 15 countries, and nine stand-alone national case studies, all point to larger reductions in poverty, especially if only the non-poor are subjected to increased income taxation to compensate for the loss of trade tax revenue.

Nontariff Distortions Of International Trade

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Author : Robert E. Baldwin
language : en
Publisher: Washington : Brookings Institution
Release Date : 1970

Nontariff Distortions Of International Trade written by Robert E. Baldwin and has been published by Washington : Brookings Institution this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Business & Economics categories.

The auther suggests ways to mitigate the effects of import quotas, export subsidies, governmental procurement policies, border taxes, domestic production subsidies, customs evaluation procedures, antidumping codes, and various ...

The Pure Theory Of International Trade And Distortions Routledge Revivals

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Author : Bharat Hazari
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-02-05

The Pure Theory Of International Trade And Distortions Routledge Revivals written by Bharat Hazari and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-05 with Business & Economics categories.

First published in 1978. This book provides a simple, systematic, yet rigorous treatment of the key aspects of the pure theory of international trade and distortions. The opening chapter presents the standard two-factor, two-commodity barter model of international trade and a comprehensive treatment of the important properties and relationships. The rest of the book consists of four sections: parts One and Two are devoted to an analysis of factor market imperfections, and Parts Three and Four consider the trade-theoretical consequences of product market imperfections. A concluding chapter presents some generalised theorems. This book would be of interest to students of economics.

Would Freeing Up World Trade Reduce Poverty And Inequality

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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Would Freeing Up World Trade Reduce Poverty And Inequality written by Kym Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Agriculture categories.

Trade policy reforms in recent decades have sharply reduced the distortions that were harming agriculture in developing countries, yet global trade in farm products continues to be far more distorted than trade in nonfarm goods. Those distortions reduce some forms of poverty and inequality but worsen others, so the net effects are unclear without empirical modeling. This paper summarizes a series of new economy-wide global and national empirical studies that focus on the net effects of the remaining distortions to world merchandise trade on poverty and inequality globally and in various developing countries. The global LINKAGE model results suggest that removing those remaining distortions would reduce international inequality, largely by boosting net farm incomes and raising real wages for unskilled workers in developing countries, and would reduce the number of poor people worldwide by 3 percent. The analysis based on the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model for a sample of 15 countries, and ten stand-alone national case studies, all point to larger reductions in poverty, especially if only the non-poor are subjected to increased income taxation to compensate for the loss of trade tax revenue.

Do Global Trade Distortions Still Harm Developing Country Farmers

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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006

Do Global Trade Distortions Still Harm Developing Country Farmers written by Kym Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Agriculture categories.

"The authors estimate the impact of global merchandise trade distortions and services regulations on agricultural value added in various countries. Using the latest versions of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database and the GTAP-AGR model of the global economy, their results suggest real net farm incomes would rise in developing countries with a move to free trade, thereby alleviating rural poverty. This occurs despite a terms of trade deterioration for developing countries that are net food importers or that enjoy preferential access to agricultural markets of high-income countries. The authors also show, for several large developing countries, the contribution of their own versus other countries' trade policies. "--World Bank web site.

Reducing Distortions To Agricultural Incentives

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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006

Reducing Distortions To Agricultural Incentives written by Kym Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Agribusiness categories.

Most of the world's poorest people depend on farming for their livelihood. Earnings from farming in low-income countries are depressed partly due to a pro-urban bias in own-country policies, and partly because richer countries (including some developing countries) favor their farmers with import barriers and subsidies. Both sets of policies reduce national and global economic growth and add to inequality and poverty in developing countries. Acknowledgement of that since the 1980s has given rise to greater pressures for reform, both internal and external. Over the past two decades numerous developing country governments have reduced their sectoral and trade policy distortions, while many high-income countries continue with protectionist policies that harm developing country exports of farm products. Recent research suggests that the agricultural protectionist policies of high-income countries reduce welfare in many developing countries. Most of those studies also suggest that full global liberalization of merchandise trade would raise value added in agriculture in developing country regions, and that much of the benefit from global reform would come not just from reform in high-income countries but also from liberalization among developing countries, including in many cases own-country reform. These findings raise three key questions that are addressed in this paper: To what extent have the reforms of the past two decades succeeded in reducing distortions to agricultural incentives? Do current policy distortions still discriminate against farmers in low-income countries? And what are the prospects for further reform in the next decade or so?

International Trade Distortions And Long Run Economic Growth

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Author : Jong-Wha Lee
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1992-11-01

International Trade Distortions And Long Run Economic Growth written by Jong-Wha Lee and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.

The links between trade and growth are examined in a neoclassical model of an open economy in which domestic production requires both domestic and imported inputs. The model shows that trade distortions induced by such government policies as tariffs and exchange controls generate cross-country divergences in growth rates and in per capita income over a long transitional period. The empirical results confirm that tariff rates and black market premia, interacting with an estimate of the share of free trade imports, have significant negative effects on the growth rate of per capita income across countries in the orders of magnitude predicted by the model.

Domestic Distortions And International Trade

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Author : James Elliott Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992

Domestic Distortions And International Trade written by James Elliott Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Commercial policy categories.