Drag Reduction Of Degraded And Blended Polymer Solutions
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Drag Reduction Of Degraded And Blended Polymer Solutions
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Author : Thomas T. Huang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Drag Reduction Of Degraded And Blended Polymer Solutions written by Thomas T. Huang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Fluid mechanics categories.
A 3.18-cm-ID smooth turbulent flow pipe facility was utilized to measure the drag-reduction characteristics of three polymer solutions: Polyox WSR-301, Separan 237, and Magnifloc 835A. A rotating disk was used to degrade the polymer solutions, and accurate control was maintained over the energy used to agitate (shear degrade) them. Quantitative data were obtained on the relationship between degradation and drag reduction for these three polymers and for blended solutions prepared by mixing two different polymers in various proportions.
Drag Reduction And Degradation Effects Of A Polymer Solution
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Author : D. J. Harris
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
Drag Reduction And Degradation Effects Of A Polymer Solution written by D. J. Harris and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with categories.
Turbulent Drag Reduction By Polymers Surfactants And Their Mixtures In Pipeline Flow
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Author : Ali Asghar Mohsenipour
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Turbulent Drag Reduction By Polymers Surfactants And Their Mixtures In Pipeline Flow written by Ali Asghar Mohsenipour and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Lthough extensive research work has been carried out on the drag reduction behavior of polymers and surfactants alone, little progress has been made on the synergistic effects of combined polymers and surfactants. A number of studies have demonstrated that certain types of polymers and surfactants interact with each other to form surfactant-polymer complexes. The formation of such complexes can cause changes in the solution properties and may result in better drag reduction characteristics as compared with pure additives. A series of drag-reducing surfactants and polymers were screened for the synergistic studies. The following two widely used polymeric drag reducing agents (DRA) were chosen: a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate (referred to as PAM) and polyethylene oxide (PEO). Among the different types of surfactants screened, a cationic surfactant octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC) and an anionic surfactant Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were selected for the synergistic study. In the case of the cationic surfactant OTAC, sodium salicylate (NaSal) was used as a counterion. No counterion was used with anionic surfactant SDS. The physical properties such as viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity were measured in order to detect any interaction between the polymer and the surfactant. The drag reduction (DR) ability of both pure and mixed additives was investigated in a pipeline flow loop. The effects of different parameters such as additive concentration, type of water (deionized (DI) or tap), temperature, tube diameter, and mechanical degradation were investigated. The addition of OTAC to PAM solution has a significant effect on the properties of the system. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the mixed surfactant-polymer system is found to be different from that of the surfactant alone. The anionic PAM chains collapse upon the addition of cationic OTAC and a substantial decrease in the viscosity occurs. The pipeline flow behaviour of PAM/OTAC mixtures is found to be consistent with the bench scale results. The drag reduction ability of PAM is reduced upon the addition of OTAC. At low concentrations of PAM, the effect of OTAC on the drag reduction behavior is more pronounced. The drag reduction behavior of polymer solutions is strongly influenced by the nature of water (de-ionized or tap). The addition of OTAC to PEO solution exhibited a week interaction based on the viscosity and surface tension measurements. However, the pipeline results showed a considerable synergistic effect, that is, the mixed system gave a significantly higher drag reduction (lower friction factors) as compared with the pure additives (pure polymer or pure surfactant). The synergistic effect in the mixed system was stronger at low polymer concentrations and high surfactant concentrations. Also the resistance against mechanical degradation of the additive was improved upon the addition of OTAC to PEO. The mixed PEO/SDS system exhibited a strong interaction between the polymers (PEO) and the surfactant (SDS), Using electrical conductivity and surface tension measurements, the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and the polymer saturation point (PSP) were determined. As the PEO concentration is increased, the CAC decreases and the PSP increase. The addition of SDS to the PEO solution exhibits a remarkable increase in the relative viscosity compared to the pure PEO solution. This increase is attributed to the changes in the hydrodynamic radius of the polymer coil. The pipeline flow exhibited a considerable increase in DR for the mixed system as compared to the pure PEO solution. The addition of surfactant always improves the extent of DR up to the PSP. Also the mixed PEO/ SDS system shows better resistance against shear degradation of the additive.
Drag Reduction
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Author : Herbert Simon Stephens
language : en
Publisher: Bhra Fluid Engineering
Release Date : 1977
Drag Reduction written by Herbert Simon Stephens and has been published by Bhra Fluid Engineering this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Drag Reduction Degradation Of Dilute Polymer Solutions In Turbulent Tube Flow
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Author : Nicholas D. Sylvester
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Drag Reduction Degradation Of Dilute Polymer Solutions In Turbulent Tube Flow written by Nicholas D. Sylvester and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with categories.
Drag reduction degradation characteristics of Separan AP30 are reported. A recycle tube flow experiment was used to investigate this property of drag reducing polymer solutions. Experimental pressure gradient and flow rate measurements were made as a function of time. From this data, friction factor- time plots on log-log coordinates were constructed, all of which exhibited three distinct regions which are discussed. Correlations are presented relating the process time in which maximum drag reduction exists, and the process time in which significant drag reduction exists, to the polymeric and system flow variables.
Applied Mechanics Reviews
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Mechanics, Applied categories.
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Aeronautics categories.
Drag Reduction And Mechnical Degradation Of Dilute Polymer Solutions In High Shear Turbulent Flow
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Drag Reduction And Mechnical Degradation Of Dilute Polymer Solutions In High Shear Turbulent Flow written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
The Effect Of Polymer Structure On Drag Reduction In Nonpolar Solvents
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Author : Gin Chain Liaw
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
The Effect Of Polymer Structure On Drag Reduction In Nonpolar Solvents written by Gin Chain Liaw and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Drags (Hydrography) categories.
"The effects of polymer chain flexibility, molecular weight and entanglement capacity, and of polymer solution concentration on drag reduction in nonpolar solvents were studied in this investigation. Three samples of polydimethyl siloxane in toluene, five samples of polyethylene oxide in benzene, two samples of cis-polyisoprene in toluene, trans-polyisoprene in toluene, cis-polybutadiene in toluene, ethyl cellulose in toluene and a copolymer of epichlorohydrin and polyethylene oxide in toluene were studied. Molecular weights of all polymers were estimated from intrinsic viscosity, except for the molecular weight of the copolymer which was given by the manufacturer. Turbulent and laminar flow pressure drop data were obtained in four capillary tubes (0.107, 0.0642, 0.0328 and 0.0104 inch ID) for all the polymer-solvent systems. Turbulent flow pressure drop data for some of the above polymer-solvent systems were also obtained in the pipe flow unit (2.0, 1.0 and 0.51 inch ID). For a given tube, at lower concentrations the normal transition region appeared between laminar and turbulent regions; as the concentration increased, the transition tended to disappear. At constant solution concentration, the transition region tended to disappear as the tube diameter decreased ... Correlations were obtained for estimating the amount of drag reduction for "dilute" and "concentration" solutions. Both correlations were tested with the polymer-solvent systems studied in this investigation and with data obtained from literature ... The effect of degradation on drag reduction was more noticeable at lower concentrations than at higher concentrations. This suggests that the absolute rate of molecular degradation may have been approximately the same for all concentrations of any polymer whose wall shear stresses (or shear rates) were of the same magnitude at any given flow rate. In the dilute solutions a significant number of the effective molecules were degraded while in the more concentrated solutions, the same amount of degradation had a much smaller effect on the drag reducing capacity of the solutions"--Abstract, leaves i-iii.
Drag Reduction In Polymer Solutions
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Author : Bradley O. Walford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Drag Reduction In Polymer Solutions written by Bradley O. Walford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Non-Newtonian fluids categories.