Drug Crop Eradication And Alternative Development In The Andes

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Drug Crop Eradication And Alternative Development In The Andes

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Author : Connie Veillette
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Drug Crop Eradication And Alternative Development In The Andes written by Connie Veillette and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.

The United States has supported drug crop eradication and alternative development programs in the Andes for decades. Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru collectively produce nearly the entire global supply of cocaine. In addition, Colombia has become a producer of high quality heroin, most of it destined for the United States and Europe. The United States provides counternarcotics assistance through the Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI). The program supports a number of missions, including interdiction of drug trafficking, illicit crop eradication, alternative development, and rule of law and democracy promotion. From FY2000 through FY2005, the United States has provided a total of about $4.3 billion in ACI funds.

Drug Crop Eradication And Alternative Development In The Andes

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Drug Crop Eradication And Alternative Development In The Andes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.

The United States has supported drug crop eradication and alternative development programs in the Andes for decades. Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru collectively produce nearly the entire global supply of cocaine. In addition, Colombia has become a producer of high quality heroin, most of it destined for the United States and Europe. The United States provides counternarcotics assistance through the Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI). The program supports a number of missions, including interdiction of drug trafficking, illicit crop eradication, alternative development, and rule of law and democracy promotion. From FY2000 through FY2005, the United States has provided a total of about $4.3 billion in ACI funds. Since 2001, coca cultivation in the Andes has been reduced by 22%, with the largest decrease occurring in Colombia, according to the State Department. Opium poppy crops, grown mainly in Colombia and from which heroin is made, have been reduced by 67%. However, the region was still capable of producing 640 metric tons of cocaine, and 3.8 metric tons of heroin in 2004, according to the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy. Congress has expressed a number of concerns with regard to eradication, especially the health and environmental effects of aerial spraying, its sustainability and social consequences, and the reliability of drug crop estimates. With regard to alternative development, Congress has expressed interest in its effectiveness, its relationship to eradication, and the long-term sustainability of programs once they are started. Drug crops are eradicated either manually or by aerial spraying of a herbicide mixture, the main ingredient being glyphosate, used commercially in the United States under the brand name of Roundup?. Eradication can be conducted with the voluntary agreement of growers, or involuntarily. Peru and Bolivia do not allow aerial eradication, which has proven to be controversial. Critics believe it poses risks to the environment and the health of inhabitants living in sprayed regions. Proponents believe it is the most effective and safe means to defoliate large areas being used for drug crop cultivation, thereby removing a lucrative source of income from the illegally armed Colombian groups. Providing alternatives to drug crops is believed to be crucial to achieve effective eradication. This often includes technical support for farmers, marketing assistance, and strengthening the transportation infrastructure in order to get crops to market. The U.S. approach to alternative development (AD) is to link it to eradication. Growers who agree to eradicate are eligible for assistance. This report will not be updated. For more information on the Andean Counterdrug Initiative, see CRS Report RL32337, Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI) and Related Funding Programs: FY2005 Assistance; and CRS Report RL32774, Plan Colombia: A Progress Report, both by Connie Veillette.

Crop Substitution In The Andes

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Author : Rensselaer W. Lee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Crop Substitution In The Andes written by Rensselaer W. Lee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Andes Region categories.

Implementing U S Anti Drug Policy In The Andes

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Author : Sewall Hamm Menzel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Implementing U S Anti Drug Policy In The Andes written by Sewall Hamm Menzel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Drug control categories.

Illegal Drugs Economy And Society In The Andes

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Author : Francisco E. Thoumi
language : en
Publisher: Woodrow Wilson Center Press
Release Date : 2003

Illegal Drugs Economy And Society In The Andes written by Francisco E. Thoumi and has been published by Woodrow Wilson Center Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.

Table of contents

Essays On The Economics Of Cocaine Production In Columbia

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Author : Luis Carlos Reyes-Hernández
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Essays On The Economics Of Cocaine Production In Columbia written by Luis Carlos Reyes-Hernández and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Cocaine industry categories.

The United Nations estimate that there are 16 to 21 million cocaine users in the world, and the majority of the production of this illegal drug takes place in Colombia. This dissertation explores different drug control policies in the Andean country, in two chapters. In the first one I tackle the question of how drug control policies effect the production of coca at the municipality level. I use a 5 year panel that includes observations on aggregate coca production for every Colombian municipality. I consider the effects of two drug control policies: eradication of coca crops, and alternative development programs. I take an Instrumental Variable (IV) approach to estimate the change in land allocated to coca by farmers as a consequence of eradication and alternative development programs. I use instruments that enter the expected cost function of the government as it implements eradication and alternative development programs, yet affect farmers' land allocation decisions through no channel other than their effect on drug policy. The instruments are derived from increases in the expected cost of coca eradication as crews get far from the zone where Antinarcotics Police headquarters can protect them from illegal armed groups that try to shoot them down. I find that there is a strong negative relationship between distance from this zone and the level of eradication that takes place. Moreover, eradication decreases at a higher rate where the presence of illegal armed group combatants is greater. Because of analogous safety limitations in getting alternative development program administrators to their destination in coca growing regions, the same correlation exists between distance from the safety zone and government spending on alternative development programs. IV estimation of the effect of eradication shows that a one percent increase in eradication results in a 0.3 percent increase in coca cultivation. A one percent increase and alternative development program spending results in coca cultivation increases of up to 0.5 percent. In the second chapter I use a cross section of household level survey data collected by the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime to analyze the impact of crop eradication through fumigation in coca farms. I use once again IV estimation to deal with policy endogeneity. The estimates suggest that, conditional on being a coca producer, a one percent increase in eradiction can result in a decrease of up to 0.2 percent in the share of land that is devoted to coca.

Illegal Drugs And Governmental Policies

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Author : Lee V. Barton
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2007

Illegal Drugs And Governmental Policies written by Lee V. Barton and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Political Science categories.

This book deals with the rising epidemic of illegal drug use and its relation to governmental policies. Drug trafficking in the United States has become a significant problem, both within the country and from foreign sources. The development of international drug policies can prove difficult, as other countries exhibit different national policies, goals and concerns. Terrorist funding is yet another threat resulting from drug trafficking activity.

Andean Trade Preference Act Impact On U S Industries And Consumers And On Drug Crop And Eradication And Crop Substitution 7th Report 1999 Inv 332 352

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date :

Andean Trade Preference Act Impact On U S Industries And Consumers And On Drug Crop And Eradication And Crop Substitution 7th Report 1999 Inv 332 352 written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

Drugs And Democracy In Latin America

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Author : Coletta Youngers
language : en
Publisher: Lynne Rienner Publishers
Release Date : 2005

Drugs And Democracy In Latin America written by Coletta Youngers and has been published by Lynne Rienner Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Political Science categories.

While the U.S. has failed to reduce the supply of cocaine and heroin entering its borders, it has, however, succeeded in generating widespread, often profoundly damaging, consequences on democracy and human rights in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Latin America And The Caribbean

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Author : Clare Ribando Seelke
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-10

Latin America And The Caribbean written by Clare Ribando Seelke and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10 with Self-Help categories.

Contents: (1) An Overview of Illicit Drugs in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C): Drug Traffickers and Related Criminal-Terrorist Actors; (2) U.S. Antidrug Assistance Programs in LA&C: Plan Colombia: Mérida Initiative for Mexico and Central America: U.S. Assistance to Mexico Beyond Mérida; Central American Regional Security Initiative; Caribbean Basin Security Initiative; DoD Counternarcotics Assistance Programs; (3) Foreign Assistance Prohibitions and Conditions: Annual Drug Certification Process; Conditions on Counternarcotics Assistance: Human Rights Prohibitions on Assistance to Security Forces; Country-Specific Prohibitions on Certain Counterdrug Assistance; Drug Eradication-Related Conditions; (4) Issues for Congress. Illus.