Drugs On The Market
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White Market Drugs
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Author : David Herzberg
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2020-10-23
White Market Drugs written by David Herzberg and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-23 with History categories.
The contemporary opioid crisis is widely seen as new and unprecedented. Not so. It is merely the latest in a long series of drug crises stretching back over a century. In White Market Drugs, David Herzberg explores these crises and the drugs that fueled them, from Bayer’s Heroin to Purdue’s OxyContin and all the drugs in between: barbiturate “goof balls,” amphetamine “thrill pills,” the “love drug” Quaalude, and more. As Herzberg argues, the vast majority of American experiences with drugs and addiction have taken place within what he calls “white markets,” where legal drugs called medicines are sold to a largely white clientele. These markets are widely acknowledged but no one has explained how they became so central to the medical system in a nation famous for its “drug wars”—until now. Drawing from federal, state, industry, and medical archives alongside a wealth of published sources, Herzberg re-connects America’s divided drug history, telling the whole story for the first time. He reveals that the driving question for policymakers has never been how to prohibit the use of addictive drugs, but how to ensure their availability in medical contexts, where profitability often outweighs public safety. Access to white markets was thus a double-edged sword for socially privileged consumers, even as communities of color faced exclusion and punitive drug prohibition. To counter this no-win setup, Herzberg advocates for a consumer protection approach that robustly regulates all drug markets to minimize risks while maintaining safe, reliable access (and treatment) for people with addiction. Accomplishing this requires rethinking a drug/medicine divide born a century ago that, unlike most policies of that racially segregated era, has somehow survived relatively unscathed into the twenty-first century. By showing how the twenty-first-century opioid crisis is only the most recent in a long history of similar crises of addiction to pharmaceuticals, Herzberg forces us to rethink our most basic ideas about drug policy and addiction itself—ideas that have been failing us catastrophically for over a century.
Orphan Drugs
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Author : Carolyn H. Asbury
language : en
Publisher: Free Press
Release Date : 1985
Orphan Drugs written by Carolyn H. Asbury and has been published by Free Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Drugs categories.
Understanding Drugs Markets
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Author : Carine Baxerres
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-07-23
Understanding Drugs Markets written by Carine Baxerres and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-23 with Social Science categories.
Drawing on anthropology, historical sociology and social-epidemiology, this multidisciplinary book investigates how pharmaceuticals are produced, distributed, prescribed, (and) consumed, and regulated in order to construct a comprehensive understanding of the issues that drive (medicine) pharmaceutical markets in the Global South today. Based on primary research conducted in Benin and Ghana, and additional data collected in Cambodia and the Ivory Coast, this volume uses artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) against malaria as a central case study. It highlights the influence of the countries colonial and post-colonial history on their models for state regulation, production, and distribution, explores the determining role transnational actors as well as industries from the North but also and increasingly from the South play in influencing local pharmaceutical markets and looks at the behaviour of health care professionals and individuals. Stepping back, the authors then unpick the pharmaceuticalization process and the multiple regulations at stake by looking at the workings of, and linkages between, (biomedical health) pharmaceutical systems, (representatives of companies) industries, actors in private distribution, and consumer practices. Providing a thorough comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different pharmaceutical systems, it is an important contribution to the literature on pharmaceutalization and the governance of medication. It is of interest to students, researchers and policy-makers interested in medical anthropology, the sociology of health and illness, global health, healthcare management and pharmacy.
Our Right To Drugs
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Author : Thomas Szasz
language : en
Publisher: Syracuse University Press
Release Date : 1996-04-01
Our Right To Drugs written by Thomas Szasz and has been published by Syracuse University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-04-01 with Medical categories.
In Our Right to Drugs, Szasz shows how the present drug war started at the beginning of this century, when the US government first assumed the task of protecting people from patent medicines. By the end of World War I the free market in drugs was but a dim memory. Instead of dwelling on the familiar impracticality and unfairness of drug laws, Szasz demonstrates the deleterious effects of prescription laws, which place people under lifelong medical supervision. The result is that most Americans today prefer a coercive and corrupt command drug economy to a free market in drugs.
Introduction To Market Access For Pharmaceuticals
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Author : Mondher Toumi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-01-12
Introduction To Market Access For Pharmaceuticals written by Mondher Toumi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-12 with Medical categories.
Market access is the fourth hurdle in the drug development process and the primary driver for global income of any new drug. Without a strategy in place for pricing, showing value for effectiveness and an understanding of the target purchasers’ needs, the drug will fail to reach its intended market value. Introduction to Market Access for Pharmaceuticals is based on an accredited course in this area, taken from the European Market Access University Diploma (EMAUD), and is affiliated with Aix Marseille University. Key Features: The first guide to market access for pharmaceuticals based on tested teaching materials Addresses both pharmaceutical and vaccine products Includes case studies and scenarios Covers market access consdierations for Western Europe, the USA, Japan and China Explains the impact the changing healthcare market will have on your product
Making Medicines Affordable
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2018-03-01
Making Medicines Affordable written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-01 with Medical categories.
Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.
Drugs To Market
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Author : William C. Bogner
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 1996
Drugs To Market written by William C. Bogner and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.
The development and marketing of drugs since WWII demonstrates the impact of technology on competitiveness in a major industry. While focusing on the market in the USA, this book examines also the activities of European firms, their contribution to the industry's technological evolution and the impact of their entry into the US market.
Drug Safety
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Author : United States. General Accounting Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Drug Safety written by United States. General Accounting Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Drugs categories.
The Internet And Drug Markets
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Internet And Drug Markets written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The last decade has seen the emergence of new internet technologies that have acted as important facilitators of online drug markets. Historically, illicit drug retail markets have operated in physical spaces, with associated practical limitations and boundaries. The development of virtual markets changes the dynamics of the selling and buying process, potentially opening the market up to a wider audience. Drug markets operating on the surface, or clear, web appear to be primarily associated with the distribution of either non-controlled substances or substances for which legal controls differ between countries and jurisdictions (medicines, lifestyle products, new psychoactive substances, precursor chemicals). Online pharmacies have flourished, broadening their supplies from lifestyle products to performance enhancement products and prescription drugs. A rapid expansion of the online market for new psychoactive substances has been observed over the last decade, with these substances sold as both 'research chemicals' and 'legal highs' in online shops. Alongside these markets, the growth of social media has seen the emergence of forums and mobile applications where drugs are discussed, advertised and sometimes sold. This publication aims to unravel some of the complexities surrounding online markets: what they are, how they operate, the technologies underlying them and how they interact with the traditional drug market. Expert contributions come from a number of individuals who attended a meeting in Lisbon to share experiences and knowledge on the topic of the internet and drug markets. They represent a wide range of international expertise on both the deep web and the surface web, providing insights from IT, research and monitoring, law enforcement and drug user perspectives.
Understanding The Demand For Illegal Drugs
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2010-10-23
Understanding The Demand For Illegal Drugs written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-23 with Law categories.
Despite efforts to reduce drug consumption in the United States over the past 35 years, drugs are just as cheap and available as they have ever been. Cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamines continue to cause great harm in the country, particularly in minority communities in the major cities. Marijuana use remains a part of adolescent development for about half of the country's young people, although there is controversy about the extent of its harm. Given the persistence of drug demand in the face of lengthy and expensive efforts to control the markets, the National Institute of Justice asked the National Research Council to undertake a study of current research on the demand for drugs in order to help better focus national efforts to reduce that demand. This study complements the 2003 book, Informing America's Policy on Illegal Drugs by giving more attention to the sources of demand and assessing the potential of demand-side interventions to make a substantial difference to the nation's drug problems. Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs therefore focuses tightly on demand models in the field of economics and evaluates the data needs for advancing this relatively undeveloped area of investigation.