Earnings Quality Across Different Reporting Regimes
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Earnings Quality Across Different Reporting Regimes
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Author : Siming Liu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Earnings Quality Across Different Reporting Regimes written by Siming Liu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Purpose - Since the UK Companies Act 1981, different reporting standards have developed for different classes of company to reduce the reporting burden on non-listed companies. There are now different regimes for listed, large private, medium sized, small, and micro companies. This strategy raises the issue of whether earnings quality across the different classes of company is comparable. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses the smoothness of earnings to measure reporting quality across the different types of company from 2006-2013, based on 514,000 observations. Smoothness is an indicator of poor quality.Findings - We find that listed companies have the highest earnings quality, closely followed by small and micro companies. In contrast, large private and medium sized companies have much lower earnings quality. Overall, we find companies which switch between reporting regimes have lower earnings quality. We also find that earnings quality is not affected by the small company exemption from audit.Research limitations/implications - Companies filing abbreviated accounts are excluded since they do not file an income statement. The recent revisions to UK GAAP (FRS102 and FRS105) are not examined due to insufficient data.Practical implications - The Financial Reporting Council's strategy of reducing the financial reporting and auditing obligations for small companies seems not to have significantly affected earnings quality. However, the FRC may need to review the reporting requirements of large private and medium sized companies and also the option of companies to switch between reporting regimes; in these settings earnings quality appears to be weaker.Originality/value - The paper studies the effect of earnings quality across the different reporting regimes in the UK. Novel and important features of the study are that (i) the sample covers a wide variety of small and micro companies which have not been analysed previously, (ii) the results are disaggregated by year, for assurance that the results are not driven by a single rogue year, and (iii) we also address the small company exemption from audit, and the flexibility of non-listed companies to switch between regimes.
Earnings Quality
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Author : Elisa Menicucci
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-12-21
Earnings Quality written by Elisa Menicucci and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-21 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides an overview of earnings quality (EQ) in the context of financial reporting and offers suggestions for defining and measuring it. Although EQ has received increasing attention from investors, creditors, regulators, and researchers in different areas, there are various definitions of it and different approaches for its measurement. The book describes the relationship between EQ and earnings management (EM) since they can be considered related challenges, especially in the context of international financial reporting standards (IAS/IFRSs). EM occurs when managers make discretionary accounting choices that are regarded as either an efficient communication of private information to improve the informativeness of a firm’s current and future performance, or a distorting disclosure to mislead the firm’s true performance. The intentional manipulation of earnings by managers, within the limits allowed by the accounting standards, may alter the usefulness of financial reporting and lead to lower quality of earnings. The use of fair value in financial reporting has created a current debate about the impact it might have on EQ. At times, the high subjectivity in estimating fair value can allow opportunities for the exercise of management judgments and intentional bias, which can reduce the quality of financial reporting. Management discretion can result in high EM and hence in a reduction of EQ. Particularly during difficult financial periods, managers engage in EM to mask the negative effects of the turmoil, and in such circumstances accruals and earnings smoothing are attempts to reduce abnormal variations of earnings in such circumstances. This book is a valuable resource for those interested in wider perspectives on EQ and it adds to the research studies on this topic in the context of financial reporting.
Earnings Quality
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Author : Jennifer Francis
language : en
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
Release Date : 2008
Earnings Quality written by Jennifer Francis and has been published by Now Publishers Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
This review lays out a research perspective on earnings quality. We provide an overview of alternative definitions and measures of earnings quality and a discussion of research design choices encountered in earnings quality research. Throughout, we focus on a capital markets setting, as opposed, for example, to a contracting or stewardship setting. Our reason for this choice stems from the view that the capital market uses of accounting information are fundamental, in the sense of providing a basis for other uses, such as stewardship. Because resource allocations are ex ante decisions while contracting/stewardship assessments are ex post evaluations of outcomes, evidence on whether, how and to what degree earnings quality influences capital market resource allocation decisions is fundamental to understanding why and how accounting matters to investors and others, including those charged with stewardship responsibilities. Demonstrating a link between earnings quality and, for example, the costs of equity and debt capital implies a basic economic role in capital allocation decisions for accounting information; this role has only recently been documented in the accounting literature. We focus on how the precision of financial information in capturing one or more underlying valuation-relevant constructs affects the assessment and use of that information by capital market participants. We emphasize that the choice of constructs to be measured is typically contextual. Our main focus is on the precision of earnings, which we view as a summary indicator of the overall quality of financial reporting. Our intent in discussing research that evaluates the capital market effects of earnings quality is both to stimulate further research in this area and to encourage research on related topics, including, for example, the role of earnings quality in contracting and stewardship.
Earnings Management Conservatism And Earnings Quality
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Author : Ralf Ewert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Earnings Management Conservatism And Earnings Quality written by Ralf Ewert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Earnings management categories.
This monograph reviews economic models that study earnings management and conservatism in an information economics framework. Both introduce a deliberate or a mandatory bias in financial reports. The fundamental issue this monograph addresses is what economic effects these biases have on earnings quality. We focus on models of managers in firms interacting with rational capital market participants, and briefly consider some contracting models. The models allow us to analyze earnings management and rational inferences by market participants in equilibrium in a variety of settings and to pinpoint costs and benefits of earnings management. We discuss how investors can elicit the maximum information from the biased reports and what potential remedies actually achieve in equilibrium. For example, accounting standards that reduce discretion for earnings management may be detrimental from a welfare point of view. In rational expectations models earnings quality can be defined as the information content in reported earnings. We discuss the earnings response coefficient, value relevance, and accounting-based earnings quality measures and how they reflect changes in earnings quality. Further, we review analytical work on conservatism of accounting standards and why conservatism can be welfare-enhancing even though it introduces a bias in the earnings reports. It is exactly through this bias that the benefit arises. Therefore, a differentiated view of earnings management and conservatism is warranted; neither is principally desirable or undesirable, but this depends on the circumstances. The benefit of equilibrium models is that they offer a rigorous explanation for the phenomena and show that sometimes conventional wisdom does not apply. There exist subtle interactions between accounting standards, the institutional environment, and earnings management that lead to several insights that challenge conventional wisdom. The models describe the economics behind these results and the particular circumstances.
Earnings Management The Influence Of Real And Accrual Based Earnings Management On Earnings Quality
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2024-01-31
Earnings Management The Influence Of Real And Accrual Based Earnings Management On Earnings Quality written by and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-31 with Business & Economics categories.
Master's Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, University of Duisburg-Essen, course: Master Thesis, language: English, abstract: This paper delves into various theories and approaches, aiming to define and differentiate earnings management from related concepts such as fraud, expectation management, and impression management. It explores the goals and incentives driving earnings management, including maximizing or minimizing earnings, beating targets, and smoothing. At the onset of the new millennium, corporate scandals rocked the business world, eroding trust in management, boards of directors, and the accounting profession. In response, regulations and policies aimed at enhancing corporate governance and financial reporting were swiftly implemented. The credibility, clarity, and consistency of financial reporting practices play a pivotal role in enabling investors to make informed decisions. Accurate and fair financial performance representations, as opposed to inflated and misleading figures, are essential for market players, including shareholders and creditors. Investors rely on audited financial reports to guide their investment decisions, underscoring the critical importance of accuracy and reliability in publicly available financial disclosures. Auditors, by reducing the risk of material misstatement, ensure the integrity of the information disclosed in a company's financial statements. Management, with the goal of achieving promised targets and ensuring the company's existence, may engage in earnings management as a strategic contribution to corporate policy. Financial reporting serves as a means to distinguish well-performing companies from their counterparts, facilitating efficient resource allocation and empowering stakeholders to make effective decisions. The disclosed earnings results significantly impact a firm's overall business activities and management decisions, particularly in satisfying analysts' expectations, which can influence equity value. While accounting standards play a role, the quality of financial statements is more influenced by company-specific and institutional factors shaping managers' incentives. These factors lead to financial reporting practices being viewed as the outcome of a cost-benefit assessment.
International Financial Reporting Standards And New Directions In Earnings Management
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Author : Oliveira, Jonas da Silva
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2019-03-22
International Financial Reporting Standards And New Directions In Earnings Management written by Oliveira, Jonas da Silva and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-22 with Business & Economics categories.
The fiscal market is an unpredictable torrent of information that modern organizations strive to understand. Business professionals dedicate themselves to understanding uncertain results around economic performance to improve management, reporting standards, and predict trends in financial statements. International Financial Reporting Standards and New Directions in Earnings Management is an essential reference source that discusses identifying the behavioral patterns of managers and the accounting policies they use in different opportunistic circumstances. Featuring research on topics such as earnings quality, risk reports, and investor protection, this book is ideal for regulatory authorities, accountants, impression managers, auditors, academics, students, and researchers seeking coverage on the theoretical, empirical, and experimental studies that relate to the different themes within earnings management.
Cross Country Research On Earnings Quality
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Author : Masahiro Enomoto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Cross Country Research On Earnings Quality written by Masahiro Enomoto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Over the last two decades, a growing body of literature has investigated the factors influencing the differences in financial reporting, especially earnings quality, in an international setting. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the cross-country research that focuses on earnings quality and to offer suggestions for future topics in the field. In this study, I first discuss the relationship between earnings quality and the following institutional and cultural factors that have been examined in prior literature: legal tradition, investor protection (outside investor rights and legal enforcement), tax system, regulations, financial development, market competition, accounting standards (divergence from IAS), enforcement of accounting standards, culture, religiosity, and language. Second, the relationship between the improvement of earnings quality and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption is described. The results are mixed and suggest that a single set of accounting standards that are generally viewed as high quality does not always improve earnings quality. In addition, the relationship varies with the institutional and cultural factors of a country. It means that improvement through IFRS adoption would require the development of an institutional environment. Finally, as a prospect for future research, this paper discusses the extension from a single-country to cross-country study, the impact of IFRS adoption on the contracting role of accounting through the change in earnings quality, and earnings quality of non-listed firms in an international setting. These topics have become a more fruitful avenue of research with the recent increase in the availability of data.
Earnings Quality And Earnings Management
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Author : Sanjay Wikash Bissessur
language : en
Publisher: Rozenberg Publishers
Release Date : 2005
Earnings Quality And Earnings Management written by Sanjay Wikash Bissessur and has been published by Rozenberg Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Research Standard Setting And Global Financial Reporting
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Author : Mary E. Barth
language : en
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
Release Date : 2007
Research Standard Setting And Global Financial Reporting written by Mary E. Barth and has been published by Now Publishers Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business & Economics categories.
Research, Standard Setting, and Global Financial Reporting aids researchers in conducting research relevant to global financial reporting issues, particularly those of interest to financial reporting standard setters. Research, Standard Setting, and Global Financial Reporting describes the relation between research and standard-setting issues; explains how a variety of research designs can be used to address questions motivated by standard-setting issues, including valuation research and event studies; offers examples of research addressing a specific global standard-setting issue - use of fair value in measuring accounting amounts; offers further opportunities for future research on specific standard-setting topics by providing motivating questions relating to the major topics on the agendas of the FASB and IASB; explains how the IASB aims to achieve its mission of developing a single set of high quality accounting standards that are accepted worldwide; summarizes extant evidence on the relative quality of accounting amounts across global standard-setting regimes and whether global financial reporting is achievable or even desirable. Research, Standard Setting, and Global Financial Reporting examines opportunities for future research on issues related to globalization of financial reporting by identifying motivating questions that are potentially avenues for future research.
The Joint Effect Of Investor Protection And Big 4 Audits On Earnings Quality Around The World
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Author : Jere R. Francis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Joint Effect Of Investor Protection And Big 4 Audits On Earnings Quality Around The World written by Jere R. Francis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The association of a country's investor protection regime with the quality of reported earnings is examined for a large sample of firms from 42 countries. Three attributes of earnings are evaluated: the magnitude of abnormal accruals, the likelihood of reporting losses, and earnings conservatism (timely loss recognition). We find that earnings quality increases for firms with Big 4 auditors when a country's investor protection regime gives stronger protection to investors; specifically, abnormal accruals are smaller, there is a greater likelihood of reporting losses, and earnings conservatism is greater. In contrast, earnings of firms with non-Big 4 auditors are largely unaffected by different investor protection regimes. The study adds to a growing body of research showing that accounting practices are influenced by a country's institutions. However, our results differ from prior studies by demonstrating that country-level effects are mediated by audit enforcement, and in particular the incentives of Big 4 auditors to perform higher quality audits in countries with stricter investor protection regimes.