Ecology And Molecular Characterization Of Neozygites Tanajoae Entomophthorales Neozygitaceae A Fungal Pathogen Of The Cassava Green Mite
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Ecology And Molecular Characterization Of Neozygites Tanajoae Entomophthorales Neozygitaceae A Fungal Pathogen Of The Cassava Green Mite
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Author : Bonaventure Vidjannagni Agboton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Ecology And Molecular Characterization Of Neozygites Tanajoae Entomophthorales Neozygitaceae A Fungal Pathogen Of The Cassava Green Mite written by Bonaventure Vidjannagni Agboton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Ecology And Molecular Characterization Of Neozygites Tanajoae Entomophthorales Neozygitaceae A Fungal Pathogen Of The Cassava Green Mite
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Author : Bonaventure Agboton
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2009-03-19
Ecology And Molecular Characterization Of Neozygites Tanajoae Entomophthorales Neozygitaceae A Fungal Pathogen Of The Cassava Green Mite written by Bonaventure Agboton and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-19 with Science categories.
For the biological control of the cassava green mite (Mononychellus tanajoa, Bondar), Brazilian strains of the entomopathogen Neozygites tanajoae were recently introduced into Africa to improve the control achieved by predatory mites. In order to monitor the establishment of the Brazilian strains two PCR primer pairs, NEOSSU_F / NEOSSU_R and 8DDC_F / 8DDC_R were tested on N. tanajoae strains collected from several locations in Brazil and from three countries in Africa, Benin, Ghana and Tanzania. The first primer pair enabled the species-specific detection of N. tanajoae, while the second differentiated the Brazilian isolates from those of other geographical origin. The results confirmed that the two primer pairs tested are suitable for the detection of N. tanajoae and the differential identification of Brazilian and African strains. PCR can therefore be used to monitor the establishment and spread of the Brazilian strains in Benin and in other African countries where they have been introduced recently in order to improve cassava green mite (CGM) control. In this work the establishment and spread of Brazilian strains of N. tanajoae were followed in a countrywide survey in Benin in which a total of 141 cassava fields were inspected. Samples of M. tanajoa suspected of being infected by N. tanajoae were found in 60 fields distributed between the coastal Southern Forest Mosaic (SFM) and the Northern Guinea Savannah (NGS) zones. PCR analysis of DNA samples extracted from samples from these fields revealed that N. tanajoae is well distributed in Benin and that Brazilian strains were effectively established and have spread throughout the country. However, the highest rates of infection due to Brazilian strains were observed in the sub-humid and humid savannah zones of the country. Identification of N. tanajoae strains using molecular tools, however, is very costly. Hence, development of alternative techniques is desirable. Therefore, the difference in biocontrol performance and in host ranges was compared to discriminate between African and Brazilian strains of N. tanajoae. The results suggest that the biocontrol potential and the host ranges bioassays are suitable for evaluating the infectiveness of N. tanajoae on cassava green mite. However, those methods were not suitable for differentiating among different origins of strains of the entomopathogenic fungus. The establishment of N. tanajoae in Benin after its introduction for the control of cassava green mite resulted in co-occurrence with the predatory mite Typhlodromalus aripo in cassava fields. However, little is known on the interaction of the two antagonists and on the biological control potential of M. tanajoa. In a series of greenhouse experiments, effects of single and combined releases of N. tanajoae and T. aripo on their respective population dynamics and on the suppression of M. tanajoa populations were evaluated. In order to complement the greenhouse experiments, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding, oviposition and longevity of T. aripo fed with healthy or N. tanajoae-infected M. tanajoa. The results showed that simultaneous release of T. aripo and N. tanajoae in the same cassava field may be detrimental to the biological control of the cassava green mite. It is therefore preferable to release in each area only the antagonist species known to be well adapted to the prevailing environmental conditions. In conclusion, this thesis shows that molecular techniques are the most suitable methods to detect infection of CGM by N. tanajoae and to differentiate among strains. Molecular techniques are also useful for monitoring the establishment and dispersal of introduced N. tanajoae species in the field. Furthermore, this study increased our knowledge on the performance and host ranges of the African and Brazilian strains of N. tanajoae. It also improves our understanding of the interaction between N. tanajoae and the most effective predatory mite T. aripo as both biocontrol agents are sharing the same habitats. Future research should focus on in vitro production and cryopreservation of African strains of N. tanajoae in order to develop specific primers for detecting African isolates. Furthermore, studies of the genetic diversity of N. tanajoae populations in the cassava fields using molecular techniques could strongly improve our understanding of the interaction between exotic and native fungi in the cassava ecosystem. Further investigations are required on the interaction between the predatory mite T.aripo and the pathogen N. tanajoae at a larger spatial scale and under natural conditions, and on factors affecting the loss in biocontrol potential of exotic species of N. tanajoae when introduced in their new environment.
The Ecology Of Fungal Entomopathogens
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Author : Helen E. Roy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-02-04
The Ecology Of Fungal Entomopathogens written by Helen E. Roy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-04 with Science categories.
Understanding of the ecology of fungal entomopathogens has vastly increased since the early 1800’s, but remains challenging. The often complex interactions between pathogen and host are being unravelled through eloquent research and the importance of the often subtle interactions, in determining the success or failure of biological control, cannot be underplayed. The realm of ecology is vast and deciphering insect-fungal pathogen interactions within an ecological context will take us on voyages beyond our imagination. This book brings together the work of renowned scientists to provide a synthesis of recent research on the ecology of fungal entomopathogens exploring host-pathogen dynamics from the context of biological control and beyond. Dr. Helen Roy leads zoological research in the Biological Records Centre at the NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, UK. The focus of her research is insect community interactions with particular emphasis on the effects of environmental change. She has been working on the ecological interactions between fungal entomopathogens and their hosts for 15 years; this continues to be a source of fascination. She has been an associate editor of BioControl since 2006. Dr. Dave Chandler is an insect pathologist at the University of Warwick, UK. He has studied entomopathogenic fungi for just over 20 years. He has particular interests in entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents of horticultural crops, fungal physiology and ecology, and the pathogens of honeybees. Dr. Mark Goettel is an insect pathologist at the Lethbridge Research Centre of Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, specializing in the development of fungal entomopathogens as microbial control agents of insects. In addition to this research, he has been extensively involved in the review and revision of the regulations for registration of microbial control agents and has addressed regulatory and safety issues at the international level. He is currently President of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology and has been Editor-in-Chief of Biocontrol Science & Technology since 2000. Dr. Judith K. Pell heads the Insect Pathology Group in the Department for Plant and Invertebrate Ecology at Rothamsted Research, UK. She leads research on the ecology of fungal entomopathogens, to elucidate their role in population regulation and community structure and to inform biological control strategies. Specifically: intraguild interactions; the relationships between guild diversity, habitat diversity and ecosystem function; pathogen-induced host behavioural change. Dr. Eric Wajnberg is a population biologist specialising in behavioural ecology, statistical modelling and population genetics. He is also an expert in biological control, with more than 20 years experience of working with insect parasitoids. He has been the Editor in Chief of BioControl since 2006. Dr. Fernando E. Vega is an entomologist with the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, in Beltsville, Maryland, USA. He conducts research on biological methods to control the coffee berry borer, the most important insect pest of coffee throughout the world. He is co-editor, with Meredith Blackwell, of Insect-Fungal Associations: Ecology and Evolution, published by Oxford University Press in 2005, and serves as an Editorial Board Member for Fungal Ecology.
Diseases Of Mites And Ticks
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Author : Jan Bruin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-02-04
Diseases Of Mites And Ticks written by Jan Bruin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-04 with Science categories.
The twenty-four papers in this book are a mixture of primary research articles and literature reviews. Taken together, they present a broad overview of almost all aspects of acarine diseases, stretching from basic pathology to microbial pest control.
Use Of Microbes For Control And Eradication Of Invasive Arthropods
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Author : Ann Hajek
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-10-21
Use Of Microbes For Control And Eradication Of Invasive Arthropods written by Ann Hajek and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-21 with Science categories.
This is a diverse presentation about the use of arthropod-specific pathogens for control and eradication of invasive arthropod species. Basic concepts supporting use of pathogens for microbial control are covered as well as societal and environmental concerns.
Handbook On The Cassava Green Mite Mononychellus Tanajoa In Africa
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Author : John Stephen Yaninek
language : en
Publisher: IITA
Release Date : 1989
Handbook On The Cassava Green Mite Mononychellus Tanajoa In Africa written by John Stephen Yaninek and has been published by IITA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Cassava categories.
Systematics And Evolution
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Author : David J. McLaughlin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Systematics And Evolution written by David J. McLaughlin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Science categories.
Mycology, the study of fungi, originated as a subdiscipline of botany and was a des criptive discipline, largely neglected as an experimental science until the early years of this century. A seminal paper by Blakeslee in 1904 provided evidence for self incompatibility, termed "heterothallism", and stimulated interest in studies related to the control of sexual reproduction in fungi by mating-type specificities. Soon to follow was the demonstration that sexually reproducing fungi exhibit Mendelian inheritance and that it was possible to conduct formal genetic analysis with fungi. The names Burgetf, Kniep and Lindegren are all associated with this early period of fungal genet ics research. These studies and the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1945, provided further impetus for experimental research with fungi. Thus began a period of interest in mutation induction and analysis of mutants for biochemical traits. Such fundamental research, conducted largely with Neurospora crassa, led to the one gene: one enzyme hypothesis and to a second Nobel Prize for fungal research awarded to Beadle and Tatum in 1958. Fundamental research in biochemical genetics was extended to other fungi, especially to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and by the mid-1960s fungal systems were much favored for studies in eukaryotic molecular biology and were soon able to compete with bacterial systems in the molecular arena.
Biological Control In Ipm Systems In Africa
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Author : P. Neuenschwander
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2003
Biological Control In Ipm Systems In Africa written by P. Neuenschwander and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Annotation. Biological control has made a major contribution to integrated pest management (IPM) in Africa, but its documentation has been scattered and often under-reported. This book provides a review of the most important studies, including not only successes, but also on-going challenges. The focus is on arthropod pests and weeds, but diseases are also covered where significant. In 24 chapters, case studies and promising research results are presented that cover biocontrol by naturally occurring agents, by exotic agents or by seasonal manipulation. This book provides a valuable resource for scientists worldwide. It is particularly useful for pest control professionals working in Africa.
Microbial Control Of Insect And Mite Pests
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Author : Lawrence A. Lacey
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-09-03
Microbial Control Of Insect And Mite Pests written by Lawrence A. Lacey and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-03 with Science categories.
Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests: From Theory to Practice is an important source of information on microbial control agents and their implementation in a variety of crops and their use against medical and veterinary vector insects, in urban homes and other structures, in turf and lawns, and in rangeland and forests. This comprehensive and enduring resource on entomopathogens and microbial control additionally functions as a supplementary text to courses in insect pathology, biological control, and integrated pest management. It gives regulators and producers up-to-date information to support their efforts to facilitate and adopt this sustainable method of pest management. Authors include an international cadre of experts from academia, government research agencies, technical representatives of companies that produce microbial pesticides, agricultural extension agents with hands on microbial control experience in agriculture and forestry, and other professionals working in public health and urban entomology. Covers all pathogens, including nematodes Addresses the rapidly progressing developments in insect pathology and microbial control, particularly with regard to molecular methods Demonstrates practical use of entomopathogenic microorganisms for pest control, including tables describing which pathogens are available commercially Highlights successful practices in microbial control of individual major pests in temperate, subtropical, and tropical zones Features an international group of contributors, each of which is an expert in their fields of research related to insect pathology and microbial control
Prospects For Biological Control Of Plant Feeding Mites And Other Harmful Organisms
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Author : Daniel Carrillo
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-04-30
Prospects For Biological Control Of Plant Feeding Mites And Other Harmful Organisms written by Daniel Carrillo and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-30 with Science categories.
The history of biological control of harmful organisms by mites is marked by outstanding achievements with a few premiere natural enemies. Early works concentrated on the use of predatory mites for the control of synanthropic flies, More recently, the focus has been mostly on mites of the family Phytoseiidae for the control of plant feeding mites. This is an important family of acarine predators of plant pest mites, which are effectively used in agriculture worldwide. Besides the vast knowledge in several species in this family, there are as well many opportunities for biological control, represented in an array of organisms and through the improvement of management techniques, which are constantly explored by researchers worldwide. This has resulted in an increasing interest in predatory mite species within the families Stigmaeidae, Ascidae, Laelapidae, Rhodacaroidea, Macrochelidae, Erythraeidae and Cheyletidae, among others. This book will compile important developments with predatory mite species within these families, which are emerging as important tools for integrated pest management. New developments with predatory insects and pathogenic organisms attacking mites will also be a subject of this book. Finally, the potential and gaps in knowledge in biological control of acarine plant pests will be addressed.