Effect Of Electrochemical Promotion And Metal Support Interaction On Catalytic Performance Of Nano Catalysts
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Effect Of Electrochemical Promotion And Metal Support Interaction On Catalytic Performance Of Nano Catalysts
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Author : Yasmine Hajar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Effect Of Electrochemical Promotion And Metal Support Interaction On Catalytic Performance Of Nano Catalysts written by Yasmine Hajar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
In heterogeneous catalysis, promoting the activity of the catalytic metals is long known as an important method to make a process more efficient and viable. Noble metals have been promoted classically by a chemical coverage of an ionic solution on the surface of the catalyst or using inert support, e.g., silica or alumina, allowing an increase of the dispersion of the catalyst. Therefore, new methods of promotion needed to be better explored to improve the efficiency of metal and metal oxide catalysts. One way of enhancing the catalyst's activity is to disperse the noble metal at the nanoscale using an active type of support that is ion-conducting. Not only lattice ions can be exchanged with the surface of the nanoparticles but it can also engage in the oxidation reaction on the surface, resulting in what is known as metal-support interaction (MSI). Another method of improving the catalytic activity is to polarize the catalyst, allowing ions to migrate from a solid electrolyte to the gas-exposed surface, in a phenomenon known as electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC). The change in the ions concentration on the surface would change the adsorption energy of the gaseous reactants and enhance or supress the catalytic rate. In this thesis, the effect of supporting nanoparticles of noble and non-noble metal (oxides) (Pt, Ru, Ir, Ni) was studied for the case of ionic and ionic-electronic conducting supports (CeO2, TiO2, YSZ). The enhancement in their catalytic rate was found and correlated to an electrochemical property, the exchange current density. Then, using isotopically-labeled oxygen, the oxygen exchange ability of the conductive oxides was evaluated when supporting Ir and Ru nanoparticles and correlated with the results from C3H8 isotopic oxidation reaction, which showed the extent of involvement of oxygen from the support as carried by the isotopically-labeled CO2 produced. Following this, electrochemical promotion of catalysis experiments were performed for different reactant/catalyst systems (C2H4 - Pt, Ru; C3H8 - Pt; CH4 - Pd, Ni9Pd). In the first system, the main outcome was the functional equivalence found for the MSI and EPOC effect in promoting the catalysts as experiments were performed at different temperatures, reactants partial pressures and polarization values. In the case of C3H8/Pt, the novel dispersion of Pt on an intermediate supporting layer (LSM/GDC) was found as a feasible method to obtain long stability of the catalyst while electrochemically promoting the rate of reaction. For CH4 oxidation, the polarization of the Pd nanoparticles showed continuous oxidation of the bulk of the catalyst resulting in a continuous increase of the catalytic rate. The Ni9Pd synthesized in a way to form a core/double-shell layer of Ni/Pd resulted in an enhanced catalytic rate and enhanced stability compared to stand-alone Pd. And lastly, to comprehend the ions' effect in the electrochemical promotion and the non-Faradaic nature of the phenomena, density-functional theory (DFT) modeling was used to demonstrate the increase of the heat of adsorption of reactants depending on their electronegative/positive nature.
Connecting Metal Support Interaction And Electrochemical Promotion Phenomena For Nano Structured Catalysts
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Author : Holly Dole
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Connecting Metal Support Interaction And Electrochemical Promotion Phenomena For Nano Structured Catalysts written by Holly Dole and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Metal Support Interaction And Electrochemical Promotion Of Nano Structured Catalysts For The Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction
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Author : Christopher Panaritis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Metal Support Interaction And Electrochemical Promotion Of Nano Structured Catalysts For The Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction written by Christopher Panaritis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
The continued release of fossil-fuel derived carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into our atmosphere led humanity into a climate and ecological crisis. Converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels will replace and diminish the need for fossil fuel-derived products. Through the use of a catalyst, CO2 can be transformed into a commodity chemical by the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, where CO2 reacts with renewable hydrogen (H2) to form carbon monoxide (CO). CO then acts as the source molecule in the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis to form a range of hydrocarbons to manufacture chemicals and fuels. While the FT synthesis is a mature process, the conversion of CO2 into CO has yet to be made commercially available due to the constraints associated with high reaction temperature and catalytic stability. Noble metal ruthenium (Ru) has been widely used for the RWGS reaction due to its high catalytic activity, however, several constraints hinder its practical use, associated with its high cost and its susceptibility to deactivation. The doping or bimetallic use of non-noble metals iron (Fe) and cobalt (Co) is an attractive option to lower material cost and tailor the selectivity of the CO2 conversion towards the RWGS reaction without compromising catalytic activity. Furthermore, employing nanostructured catalysts as nanoparticles is a viable solution to further lower the amount of metal used and utilize the highly active surface area of the catalyst. Dispersing nanoparticles on ionically conductive supports/solid electrolytes which contain species like O2−, H+, Na+, and K+, provide an approach to further enhance the reaction. This phenomenon is referred to as metal-support interaction (MSI), allowing for the ions to back spillover from the support and onto the catalyst surface. An in-situ approach referred to as Non-Faradaic Modification of catalytic activity (NEMCA), also known as electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC) is used to in-situ control the movement of ionic species from the solid electrolyte to and away from the catalyst. Both the MSI and EPOC phenomena have been shown to be functionally equivalent, meaning the ionic species act to alter the work function of the catalyst by forming an effective neutral double layer on the surface, which in turn alters the binding energy of the reactant and intermediate species to promote the reaction. The main objective of this work is to develop a catalyst that is highly active and selective to the RWGS reaction at low temperatures (
Nanometal Catalysis In Organic Synthesis
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Author : Ming Bao
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Nanometal Catalysis In Organic Synthesis written by Ming Bao and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Metal Nanoparticles For Catalysis
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Author : Franklin Tao
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2014-06-12
Metal Nanoparticles For Catalysis written by Franklin Tao and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Catalysis is a central topic in chemical transformation and energy conversion. Thanks to the spectacular achievements of colloidal chemistry and the synthesis of nanomaterials over the last two decades, there have also been significant advances in nanoparticle catalysis. Catalysis on different metal nanostructures with well-defined structures and composition has been extensively studied. Metal nanocrystals synthesized with colloidal chemistry exhibit different catalytic performances in contrast to metal nanoparticles prepared with impregnation or deposition precipitation. Additionally, theoretical approaches in predicting catalysis performance and understanding catalytic mechanism on these metal nanocatalysts have made significant progress. Metal Nanoparticles for Catalysis is a comprehensive text on catalysis on Nanoparticles, looking at both their synthesis and applications. Chapter topics include nanoreactor catalysis; Pd nanoparticles in C-C coupling reactions; metal salt-based gold nanocatalysts; theoretical insights into metal nanocatalysts; and nanoparticle mediated clock reaction. This book bridges the gap between nanomaterials synthesis and characterization, and catalysis. As such, this text will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers in these exciting fields.
Supported Metals In Catalysis
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Author : James Arthur Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2012
Supported Metals In Catalysis written by James Arthur Anderson and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Science categories.
With contributions from experts in supported metal catalysis, from both the industry and academia, this book presents the latest developments in characterization and application of supported metals in heterogeneous catalysis. In addition to a thorough and updated coverage of the traditional aspects of heterogeneous catalysis such as preparation, characterization and use in well-established technologies such as Naphtha reforming, the book also includes emerging areas where supported metal catalysis will make significant contributions in future developments, such as fuel cells and fine chemicals synthesis. The second edition of Supported Metals in Catalysis comes complete with new and updated chapters containing important summaries of research in a rapidly evolving field. Very few other books deal with this highly pertinent subject matter, and as such, it is a must-have for anyone working in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
Development Of New Catalytic Performance Of Nanoporous Metals For Organic Reactions
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Author : Mei Yan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-03-24
Development Of New Catalytic Performance Of Nanoporous Metals For Organic Reactions written by Mei Yan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-24 with Science categories.
In this thesis, the focus is on the study of new catalytic properties of unsupported nanoporous metals in heterogeneous organic reactions under liquid-phase conditions. The author was the first to fabricate nanoporous copper with tunable nanoporosity and apply it for organic reactions. The catalyst can be reused up to ten times without loss of catalytic activity. In addition, the author developed the highly selective semihydrogenation of alkynes using nanoporous gold as a catalyst for the first time, affording Z-alkenes in 100% selectivity, which cannot be realized by traditional catalysts. All of the results described here will help readers to develop new catalytic performance of nanoporous metals for organic reactions.
Construction And Reactivity Of Pt Based Bi Component Catalytic Systems
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Author : Rentao Mu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-20
Construction And Reactivity Of Pt Based Bi Component Catalytic Systems written by Rentao Mu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-20 with Science categories.
In this thesis, the author outlines the construction of active structure and modulation of catalytic reactivity of Pt-based bi-component catalysts, from the model systems to real supported catalysts. The thesis investigates the promotion effect of the second components on catalytic performance of Pt catalysts, and presents the reversible generation of the “sandwich-like” structure of Pt-Ni catalysts, containing both surface NiO1-X and subsurface Ni by alternating redox treatments at medium temperature. With the aid of single layer graphene, the dynamic process of chemical reactions occurring on the Pt(111) surface can be visualized using in-situ LEEM and DUV-PEEM techniques, the results of which are included here. The author reveals that the graphene layer exhibits a strong confinement effect on the chemistry of molecules underneath and the intercalated CO can desorb from the Pt surface around room temperature and in UHV, which may promote the CO oxidation confined under graphene.
Advanced Electrocatalysts For Low Temperature Fuel Cells
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Author : Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Varela
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-10-09
Advanced Electrocatalysts For Low Temperature Fuel Cells written by Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Varela and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-09 with Science categories.
This book introduces the reader to the state of the art in nanostructured anode and cathode electrocatalysts for low-temperature acid and alkaline fuel cells. It explores the electrocatalysis of anode (oxidation of organic molecules) and cathode (oxygen reduction) reactions. It also offers insights into metal-carbon interactions, correlating them with the catalytic activity of the electrochemical reactions. The book explores the electrocatalytic behaviour of materials based on noble metals and their alloys, as well as metal-metal oxides and metal-free nanostructures. It also discusses the surface and structural modification of carbon supports to enhance the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts for fuel-cell reactions.
Nanotechnology In Electrocatalysis For Energy
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Author : Alessandro Lavacchi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-01-28
Nanotechnology In Electrocatalysis For Energy written by Alessandro Lavacchi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book focuses on nanotechnology in electrocatalysis for energy applications. In particular the book covers nanostructured electrocatalysts for low temperature fuel cells, low temperature electrolyzers and electrochemical valorization. The function of this book is to provide an introduction to basic principles of electrocatalysis, together with a review of the main classes of materials and electrode architectures. This book will illustrate the basic ideas behind material design and provide an introductory sketch of current research focuses. The easy-to-follow three part book focuses on major formulas, concepts and philosophies. This book is ideal for professionals and researchers interested in the field of electrochemistry, renewable energy and electrocatalysis.