Effective Fracture Geometry Obtained With Large Water Sand Ratio
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Effective Fracture Geometry Obtained With Large Water Sand Ratio
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Author : Amrendra Kumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Effective Fracture Geometry Obtained With Large Water Sand Ratio written by Amrendra Kumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Shale gas formation exhibits some unusual reservoir characteristics: nano-darcy matrix permeability, presence of natural fractures and gas storage on the matrix surface that makes it unique in many ways. It's difficult to design an optimum fracture treatment for such formation and even more difficult is to describe production behavior using a reservoir model. So far homogeneous, two wing fracture, and natural fracture models have been used for this purpose without much success. Micro seismic mapping technique is used to measure the fracture propagation in real time. This measurement in naturally fractured shale formation suggests a growth of fracture network instead of a traditional two wing fractures. There is an industry wise consensus that fracture network plays an important role in determining the well productivity of such formations. A well with high density of fracture networks supposed to have better productivity. Shale formations have also exhibited production pattern which is very different from conventional or tight gas reservoir. Initial flow period is marked by steep decline in production while the late time production exhibits a slow decline. One of the arguments put for this behavior is linear flow from a bi-wing fractured well at early time and contribution of adsorbed gas in production at late time. However, bi-wing fracture geometry is not supported by the micro-seismic observation. A realistic model should include both the fracture network and adsorbed gas property. In this research we have proposed a new Power Law Permability model to simulate fluid flow from hydraulically fractured Shale formation. This model was first described by Valko & Fnu (2002) and used for analyzing acid treatment jobs. The key idea of this model is to use a power law permeability function that varies with the radial distance from well bore. Scaling exponent of this power law function has been named power law index. The permeability function has also been termed as secondary permeability. This work introduces the method of Laplace solution to solve the problem of transient and pseudo steady-state flow in a fracture network. Development and validation of this method and its extension to predict the pressure (and production) behaviour of fracture network were made using a novel technic. Pressure solution was then combined with material balance through productivity index to make production forecast. Reservoir rock volume affected by the fracture stimulation treatment that contributes in the production is called effective stimulated volume. This represents the extent of fracture network in this case. Barnett shale formation is a naturally fractured shale reservoir in Fort Worth basin. Several production wells from this formation was analysed using Power Law Model and it was found that wells productivity are highly dependent on stimulated volume. Apparently the wells flow under pseudo steady state for most part of their producing life and the effect of boundary on production is evident in as soon as one months of production. Due to short period of transient flow production from Barnett formations is expected to be largely independent of the relative distribution of permeability and highly dependent on the stimulated area and induced secondary permeability. However, an indirect relationship between permeability distribution and production rate is observed. A well with low power law index shows a better (more even) secondary permeability distribution in spatial direction, larger stimulated volume and better production. A comparative analysis between the new model and traditional fracture model was made. It was found that both models can be used successfully for history matching and production forecasting from hydraulically fractured shale gas formation.
Concrete Fracture Models And Applications
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Author : Shailendra Kumar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-02-08
Concrete Fracture Models And Applications written by Shailendra Kumar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Cementitious materials, rocks and fibre-reinforced composites commonly termed as quasibrittle, need a different fracture mechanics approach to model the crack propagation study because of the presence of significant size of fracture process zone ahead of the crack-tip. Recent studies show that concrete structures manifest three important stages in fracture process: crack initiation, stable crack propagation and unstable fracture or failure. Fracture Mechanics concept can better explain the above various stages including the concepts of ductility, size-effect, strain softening and post-cracking behavior of concrete and concrete structures. The book presents a basic introduction on the various nonlinear concrete fracture models considering the respective fracture parameters. To this end, a thorough state-of-the-art review on various aspects of the material behavior and development of different concrete fracture models is presented. The development of cohesive crack model for standard test geometries using commonly used softening functions is shown and extensive studies on the behavior of cohesive crack fracture parameters are also carried out. The subsequent chapter contains the extensive study on the double-K and double-G fracture parameters in which some recent developments on the related fracture parameters are illustrated including introduction of weight function method to Double-K Fracture Model and formulization of size-effect behavior of the double-K fracture parameters. The application of weight function approach for determining of the KR-curve associated with cohesive stress distribution in the fracture process zone is also presented. Available test data are used to validate the new approach. Further, effect of specimen geometry, loading condition, size-effect and softening function on various fracture parameters is investigated. Towards the end, a comparative study between different fracture parameters obtained from various models is presented.
Unconventional Petroleum Geology
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Author : Caineng Zou
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2012-12-31
Unconventional Petroleum Geology written by Caineng Zou and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-31 with Science categories.
Unconventional Petroleum Geology is the first book of its kind to collectively identify, catalog, and assess the exploration and recovery potential of the Earth's unconventional hydrocarbons. Advances in hydrocarbon technology and petroleum development systems have recently made the exploration of unconventional hydrocarbons—such as shale gas, tight sandstone oil and gas, heavy oil, tar sand, and coalbed methane—the hottest trend in the petroleum industry. Detailed case studies act as real-world application templates, making the book's concepts immediately practical and useful by exploration geologists. The logical and intuitive three-part approach of systematically identifying an unconventional hydrocarbon, cataloguing its accumulation features, and assessing its exploration and recovery potential can be immediately implemented in the field—anywhere in the world. Provides a detailed assessment of the exploration and recovery potential of the full range of unconventional hydrocarbons More than 300 illustrations—many in full color—capture the detailed intricacies and associated technological advances in unconventional hydrocarbon exploration More than 20 case studies and examples from around the world conclude each chapter and aid in the application of key exploration and recovery techniques
Nuclear Stimulation Of Natural Gas
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Public Lands
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Nuclear Stimulation Of Natural Gas written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Public Lands and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Natural gas categories.
Nuclear Stimulation Of Natural Gas
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Interior and Insular Affairs Committee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Nuclear Stimulation Of Natural Gas written by United States. Congress. Senate. Interior and Insular Affairs Committee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with categories.
Sediment Body Geometry And Heterogeneity
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Author : A.W. Martinius
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2014-07-28
Sediment Body Geometry And Heterogeneity written by A.W. Martinius and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-28 with Science categories.
Over the past 20 years there has been a major growth in efforts to quantify the geometry and dimensions of sediment bodies from analogues to provide quantitative input to geological models. The aim of this volume is to examine the current state of the art, from both an industry and an academic perspective. Contributions discuss the challenges of extracting relevant data from different types of sedimentary analogue (outcrop, process models, seismic) and the application and significance of such information for improving predictions from subsurface static and dynamic models. Special attention is given to modelling reservoir properties and gridding issues for predicting subsurface fluid flow. As such, the volume is expected to be of interest to both the geoscience community concerned with the fundamentals of sedimentary architecture as well as geological modellers and engineers interested in how these characteristics are modelled and influence subsurface predictions.
Hearings Reports And Prints Of The Senate Committee On Interior And Insular Affairs
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Hearings Reports And Prints Of The Senate Committee On Interior And Insular Affairs written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Legislative hearings categories.
Numerical Simulation Of Air And Water Flow Experiments In A Block Of Variably Saturated Fractured Tuff From Yucca Mountain Nevada
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Numerical Simulation Of Air And Water Flow Experiments In A Block Of Variably Saturated Fractured Tuff From Yucca Mountain Nevada written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Geology, Stratigraphic categories.
Water Resources Investigations Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Water Resources Investigations Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Hydrology categories.
Drilling And Production Practice
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Author : American Petroleum Institute
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1935
Drilling And Production Practice written by American Petroleum Institute and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1935 with Oil well drilling categories.
Papers on drilling and production practice, selected by the Program Committee of the American Petroleum Institute's Central Committee on Drilling and Production Practices, from the papers delivered at national or district meetings of the Division of Production.