Effects Of All Terrain Vehicles On Forested Lands And Grasslands
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Effects Of All Terrain Vehicles On Forested Lands And Grasslands
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Author : Dexter Meadows
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Effects Of All Terrain Vehicles On Forested Lands And Grasslands written by Dexter Meadows and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with All terrain vehicles categories.
Effects Of All Terrain Vehicles On Forested Lands And Grasslands
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Author : Dexter Meadows
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Effects Of All Terrain Vehicles On Forested Lands And Grasslands written by Dexter Meadows and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with All terrain vehicles categories.
One goal of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, is to provide outdoor recreation opportunities with minimized impacts to natural resources (USDA Forest Service 2006). All-terrainvehicle (ATV) use on public lands is a rapidly expanding recreational activity. An estimated 11 million visits to national forests involve ATV use. This constitutes about 5 percent of all recreation visits to national forests (English 2003). When repeated ATV use occurs on undesignated trails, the impacts can exceed the lands ability to rehabilitate itself. The challenge for recreation managers is to address the needsand conicting expectationsof millions of people who use and enjoy the national forests while protecting the lands health and integrity.?In addition to a new travel management policy that restricts travel on undesignated trails, the Forest Service studied previously unused trails to determine the effects of ATV trafc on the natural resource. The studys three main questions were: Are natural resources being affected by ATV use; to what degree are natural resources being affected; and does the ATVs design make a difference in the effects? To answer these questions on a nationwide scale, the study was performed at seven locations within representative ecoregions. The ecoregions included Desert, High-elevation Western Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plains, and ?Eastern Broadleaf.?Yes, natural resources were affected by ATV trafc. At all seven locations, some portion of the previously unused trail transitioned from a low to medium disturbance class in 20 to 40 passes. Medium-disturbance occurred when two of the following three conditions were present: sixtypercent loss of original ground cover, trail-width expansion to 72 inches, or wheel ruts up to 6 inches deep. At each location some portion of the trail transitioned from medium to high disturbance in 40 to 120 passes. High disturbance occurred when two ?of the following three conditions were present: more than 60-percent loss of original ground cover, trail width exceeding 72 inches, or wheel ruts deeper than 6 inches.?Disturbance levels were caused by three independent variables: sites, trail features, and ?vehicles and tires. There was a statistically signicant difference between the number of ?passes required to transition from the low to medium disturbance class for the seven sites. ?Desert and Eastern-broadleaf ecoregions were the most susceptible to ATV trafc, and the Gulf Coastal Plain ecoregion was the least susceptible. Each ecoregion trail section that required wheelspin or slip moved quickly to increasing levels of disturbance. Compared to tight-radius curves, nearly eight times as many passes were required to produce equal impacts on straight sections, and nearly ve times as many passes were required for ?uphill or downhill sections.There were no statistically signicant differences for the sport and utility ATVs equipped with either original equipment manufacturer tires or after market tires with -inch lugs. The study concluded that the impacts from the four combinations of vehicles and tires were indistinguishable.?Following any level of disturbance, runoff and sediment generated on the ATV trails increased by 56 percent and 625 percent, respectively, compared to the undisturbed forest oor. ATV trails are highrunoff, high-sediment producing strips on a low-runoff, low-sediment producing landscape. Frequent diversions of the trail runoff onto the forest oor will reduce the amount of sediment and runoff as it inltrates into the forest oor.?The study demonstrated that ATV trafc does have an impact on natural resources. The levels of disturbance can be reduced by proper trail design and maintenance and by focusing efforts on trail sections that require extra attention. Application of this study should assist managers in planning, designing, and implementing decisions related to ATV management.
Effects Of All Terrain Vehicles On Forested Lands And Grasslands December 2008
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Effects Of All Terrain Vehicles On Forested Lands And Grasslands December 2008 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
All Terrain Vehicles
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Author : Brian C. Corrigan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010-09
All Terrain Vehicles written by Brian C. Corrigan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09 with All terrain vehicles categories.
All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs), which are off-road motorised vehicles, usually with four tires, a straddle seat for the operator, and handlebars for steering control, have become increasingly popular. All-Terrain Vehicles are mainly used for recreation, but are also used in occupations such as farming and policing. ATVs are also used as primary transportation in some remote communities, such as in parts of Alaska. However, ATV fatalities and injuries have increased over the last decade and are a matter of concern to the Consumer Product Safety Commission, which overseas ATV safety. This book explores how ATVs are used, their crash statistics, and sales of adult-sized vehicles for children's use. Also discussed are the effects of ATVs on forested lands and grasslands and their impact on natural resources.
Encyclopedia Of The World S Biomes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-06-26
Encyclopedia Of The World S Biomes written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-26 with Science categories.
Encyclopedia of the World’s Biomes is a unique, five volume reference that provides a global synthesis of biomes, including the latest science. All of the book's chapters follow a common thematic order that spans biodiversity importance, principal anthropogenic stressors and trends, changing climatic conditions, and conservation strategies for maintaining biomes in an increasingly human-dominated world. This work is a one-stop shop that gives users access to up-to-date, informative articles that go deeper in content than any currently available publication. Offers students and researchers a one-stop shop for information currently only available in scattered or non-technical sources Authored and edited by top scientists in the field Concisely written to guide the reader though the topic Includes meaningful illustrations and suggests further reading for those needing more specific information
Ochoco National Forest N F And Crooked River National Grassland Proposed Land And Resource S Management Plan Lrmp
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Ochoco National Forest N F And Crooked River National Grassland Proposed Land And Resource S Management Plan Lrmp written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with categories.
Bitterroot National Forest N F Travel Management Planning Project
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Bitterroot National Forest N F Travel Management Planning Project written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Nebraska National Forest N F Buffalo Gap National Grassland Oglala National Grassland Samuel R Mckelvie National Forest N F Travel Management
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Nebraska National Forest N F Buffalo Gap National Grassland Oglala National Grassland Samuel R Mckelvie National Forest N F Travel Management written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement For The Sawtooth National Forest Land And Resource Management Plan
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Draft Environmental Impact Statement For The Sawtooth National Forest Land And Resource Management Plan written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Forest management categories.
Management Of Western Forests And Grasslands For Nongame Birds
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Management Of Western Forests And Grasslands For Nongame Birds written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Birds categories.