Effects Of Environment And Tillage System On The Establishment Development And Yield Of Six Short Season Corn Hybrids In Northern New York
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Effects Of Environment And Tillage System On The Establishment Development And Yield Of Six Short Season Corn Hybrids In Northern New York
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Author : Ronald S. Monk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Effects Of Environment And Tillage System On The Establishment Development And Yield Of Six Short Season Corn Hybrids In Northern New York written by Ronald S. Monk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Agricultural ecology categories.
Limitations To Plant Root Growth
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Limitations To Plant Root Growth written by and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In the past 10 years, there has been a resurgence in interest in soil management and conservation of the soil resource. With the knowledge we have accumulated in the past 100 years, there is the possibility of developing new and innovative ways of effectively managing the soil. The emphasis on sustainable agriculture requires that we understand how to utilize the soil as a viable living resource. To meet the world demand for food within the next 50 years requires a healthy and strong soil resource which can sustain production. With the dedication of the National Soil Tilth Laboratory in 1989, it was decided that one contribution the laboratory could make to agri cultural science would be to foster an exchange of information on soil management. The focus of that interchange centers on long-term soil management. If we are to fulfill the goals of sustainable agriculture, environmental quality, and feeding the world, there will have to be an increased understanding of how to effectively manage the soil. Long-term soil management requires integrated and interdisciplinary research to bring all of the information together in terms which would be applicable to all soils. To accomplish this goal a workshop is held each year, with the exchange of information focusing on a single topic within the framework of developing effective strategies for long-term soil management. With the forum to focus on an individual theme each year, the theme for the initial workshop was "Limitations to Plant Root Growth.
Dissertation Abstracts International
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Dissertation Abstracts International written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Drivers Development And Impact Of Tillering Plasticity Mechanisms For Corn Yield Stability In Kansas Environments
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Author : Rachel Lynn Veenstra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Drivers Development And Impact Of Tillering Plasticity Mechanisms For Corn Yield Stability In Kansas Environments written by Rachel Lynn Veenstra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Historic breeding efforts in corn (Zea mays L.) have resulted in uniform, single-stalked phenotypes with limited environmental plasticity potential. Therefore, plant density is a critical yield component for corn, as it is unable to successfully compensate for a deficit of grain-bearing shoots. Enhancing corn yield stability across plant densities has potential benefits, particularly considering diverse yield environments and seasonal weather uncertainties due to climate change. Research and actionable information regarding branching ("tillering") utility in corn production are largely unavailable. This is particularly relevant in environments where plant density is typically resource-limited or environments in which the target density is not properly achieved. Therefore, the objectives of this dissertation were to determine the following based on tillered corn phenotypes in a range of environment (E) x management (M) scenarios: 1) the impact of tiller development on corn yields; 2) the plastic extent and relative importance of yield components; 3) the drivers and predictability of corn tiller development; and 4) the effect of tiller expression on biomass accumulation, carbon economy, and subsequent reproductive efficiency. This extensive field study evaluated tiller presence (removed or intact) with two commercial hybrids (P0657AM and P0805AM, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA) in a range of plant densities (25000, 42000, and 60000 pl ha−1) across the state of Kansas. In total, 17 site-years were evaluated - comprised of 9 unique field locations across 3 seasons (2019-2021). Yields were increased or unaffected by greater plant densities and tiller presence. Environments varied in yield responsiveness to tiller density, but plant density was key to maximizing yield. Favorable soil properties and higher photothermal quotient (PTQ) values were important correlates of tiller productivity (Chapter 2). Ear number and kernel number per area were less dependent on plant density with tillered phenotypes. Kernel number remained key to yield stability. Although ear number was less related to yield stability, ear source and type were significant yield predictors, with tiller axillary ears as stronger contributors than main stalk secondary ears in high-yielding environments (Chapter 3). Plant density interactions with cumulative growing degree days (GDD), PTQ, mean minimum and maximum daily temperatures, cumulative vapor pressure deficit (VPD), soil nitrate (NO3), and soil phosphorus (P) were important predictive factors of tiller density - many of these with stark non-limiting thresholds. Out-of-season prediction errors were seasonally variable, highlighting the importance of representative training datasets (Chapter 4). Tiller expression stabilized aboveground biomass across plant densities at the hectare scale. Greater tiller biomass was not correlated with any changes in reproductive efficiency. Additional stem tissue allowed tillered corn phenotypes to accumulate a greater reserve of water-soluble carbohydrates in low plant densities and support main stem remobilization demand (Chapter 5). Overall, tillering in corn presents itself as a potentially useful plasticity mechanism in non-uniform field situations with unexpectedly reduced or inadequate plant densities. While limits to tiller productivity are apparent, the branching ability of modern corn hybrids may lend itself to improving resilience of defensive strategies in water-limited environments. It should be noted that although this study explored a range of environments, severe drought scenarios were not explored. The utility of tillering as a plasticity mechanism in corn remains an area of active study.
Bibliography Of Agriculture
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Bibliography Of Agriculture written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Agriculture categories.
Genetically Engineered Crops
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-01-28
Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-28 with Science categories.
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Reduced Tillage Field Corn Zea Mays L Production In Manitoba
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Author : David Alexander Wall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Reduced Tillage Field Corn Zea Mays L Production In Manitoba written by David Alexander Wall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with categories.
Field studies were conducted on field corn (Zea mays L.) under various conventional and reduced tillage cropping systems and straw management practices to determine the effect on soil physical properties, crop growth, development and yield. The performance of eight corn hybrids was evaluated under conventional and zero tillage to study the adaptability of hybrids to zero tillage cropping practices. Corn under zero tillage exhibited delays in emergence, silking and maturity, reduced plant populations, dry matter, plant height and grain yields. The negative effects of zero tillage on crop performance were attributed to poorer seed placement and lower soil temperatures. The lower soil temperatures and higher soil water content which occurred under zero tillage were attributed to the presence of a barley straw mulch on the soil surface. The performance of the corn grown under conventional tillage, in which the seedbed had been prepared the previous fall, was superior to all other treatments examined. The superior performance of the fall tillage treatment was considered to have resulted from improved seed placement and greater soil moisture. The removal of the barley straw mulch from the soil surface promoted earlier silking and maturity, increased plant heights, populations and grain yields in corn. The removal of the straw mulch resulted in increased soil temperatures relative to where the straw mulch had been retained. The eight hybrids examined exhibited similar responses to zero tillage during the growing season. At harvest, however, the hybrids exhibited a differential yield response to tillage. Four hybrids; Pioneer 3995, Pride R102, Pride R108 and Pickseed 2322 wee not affected by zero tillage, while the remaining hybrids; Pickseed 2111, Asgrow RX22, Pioneer 3992 and Funks G4065 exhibited reduced grain yields under the zero tillage treatment.
Corn And Soybean Genotypes With Contrasting Root System
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Author : Alexandre Tonon Rosa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Corn And Soybean Genotypes With Contrasting Root System written by Alexandre Tonon Rosa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The effect of tillage on crop yield, early growth, and soil nutrient stratification can be influenced by fertilizer placement. In addition, deeper root systems can enhance the crop ability to uptake water and nutrients. A thorough understanding of how these factors interact can result in increased grain yields and profitability for the producer. Three studies were completed to describe and evaluate different aspects of crop root system and response to fertilizer placement and tillage. The objective of the first study was to characterize the root system of two genotypes of corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) using image analysis in the greenhouse and in the field, as well as evaluate dry weight accumulation and nutrient uptake patterns by shoot and root plant parts for both crops. Two different genotypes of each crop were sampled during the growing season to access root characteristics such as biomass, length, surface area, average diameter and volume. Significant differences were found in corn where the P1151 AM hybrid had greater root length, surface area and volume than the P1105 AM hybrid. In soybean, the differences were found in nutrient uptake with overall greater nutrient uptake values for the poor drainage variety (PD) compared to the good drainage variety (GD). The objective of the second study was to evaluate the effect of fertilizer placement and tillage system on corn with different genotypes. Three fertilizer treatments were combined with two different corn genotypes selected based on contrasting root systems and two different tillage systems. The three fertilizer placements were sub-surface band, broadcast, and control. The two hybrids of corn used were a P1151 AM hybrid and P1105 AM hybrid. The two tillage systems were no-till (NT) and strip-till (ST). Corn hybrids showed different response in root biomass but did not show a consistent response in other characteristics evaluated. Broadcast and sub-surface band increased nutrient uptake and grain yields over the control but were not significantly different from each other. Tillage showed no difference in corn response. The objective of the third study was to evaluate the effect of fertilizer placement and tillage system on contrasting soybean genotypes. Three fertilizer treatments were combined with two different genotypes selected based on contrasting root systems and two different tillage operations. The three fertilizer placements were sub-surface band, broadcast, and control. The two varieties of soybean used were one recommended for poor drainage (PD) and one recommended for good drainage (GD). The two tillage operations were NT and ST. Soybean root biomass differences were observed by varieties. Sub-surface band treatment favored early soybean growth, biomass and P uptake at the V3 growth stage, but it did not turn into yield increase. Soybean grain yields did not respond to fertilization in this study. Yield was affected significantly by variety selection and response varies by site-year.
Fertilizer Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Fertilizer Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Fertilizers categories.
Nitrogen Fixation In Tropical Cropping Systems
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Author : K. E. Giller
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2001
Nitrogen Fixation In Tropical Cropping Systems written by K. E. Giller and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Science categories.
Nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants is especially important when farmers are trying to minimise fertilizer use for cost or environmental reasons. This second edition of the highly successful book, first published in 1991, contains thoroughly updated and revised material on the theory and practice of nitrogen fixation in tropical cropping systems.