Efficiency And Equity In Water Allocation
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Efficiency And Equity In The Distribution Of Renewable Resources
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Author : Ahmad Slaibi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Efficiency And Equity In The Distribution Of Renewable Resources written by Ahmad Slaibi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Previous work on shared renewable resource distribution has generally focused on unilateral and bilateral policy approaches or a tradable market system. Neither approach guarantees efficiency and equity simultaneously. We propose an integrated law and economic policy-based management plan that divides property rights into rights to use and rights from which to earn income. Both rights are determined based upon multilateral negotiations and the environmental sustainability of the ecosystem. Rights to use should be domestically utilized by the parties that share the resource and the income rights should be regularly auctioned. This guarantees shareholders some access to the resource and generously compensates them for any amount auctioned, while at the same time allocating a large portion of the resource to its highest marginal benefit. The system is tested on the River Jordan Basin, and we conclude that, if applied, water can be allocated more efficiently and equitably than under the current water regimes while at the same time reduce political and military tension in the region.
Efficiency And Equity In Water Allocation
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Author : Elizabeth Madeline Evans
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Efficiency And Equity In Water Allocation written by Elizabeth Madeline Evans and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Efficiency And Equity Considerations In Pricing And Allocating Irrigation Water
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Author : Yacov Tsur
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date :
Efficiency And Equity Considerations In Pricing And Allocating Irrigation Water written by Yacov Tsur and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Efficiency And Equity In Management Of Agricultural Water Supplies
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Author : Richard E. Howitt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Efficiency And Equity In Management Of Agricultural Water Supplies written by Richard E. Howitt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Water consumption categories.
Efficiency And Equity Considerations In Pricing And Allocating Irrigation Water
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Author : Ariel Dinar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Efficiency And Equity Considerations In Pricing And Allocating Irrigation Water written by Ariel Dinar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
May 1995 Pricing of water may affect allocation considerations by users. Efficiency is attainable whenever the pricing method affects the demand for irrigation water. The extent to which water pricing methods can affect income redistribution is limited. To affect income inequality, a water pricing method must include certain forms of water quantity restrictions. Economic efficiency has to do with how much wealth a given resource base can generate. Equity has to do with how that wealth is to be distributed in society. Economic efficiency gets far more attention, in part because equity considerations involve value judgments that vary from person to person. Tsur and Dinar examine both the efficiency and the equity of different methods of pricing irrigation water. After describing water pricing practices in a number of countries, they evaluate their efficiency and equity. In general they find that water use is most efficient when pricing affects the demand for water. The volumetric, output, input, tiered, and two-part tariff schemes all satisfy this condition and can be efficient, although whether efficiency is short-run or long-run, first- or second-best, varies. Pricing schemes that do not directly influence water input -- per-unit area fees, for example -- lead to inefficient allocation. But they are usually easier to implement and administer and require less information. The extent to which water pricing methods can effect income redistribution is limited, the authors conclude. Disparities in farm income are mainly the result of factors such as farm size and location and soil quality, but not water (or other input) prices. Pricing schemes that do not involve quantity quotas cannot be used in policies aimed at affecting income inequality. The results somewhat support the view that water prices should not be used to effect income redistribution because water prices are a poor vehicle for reducing income inequality. But pricing schemes that involve water quota rules can reduce income inequality. The authors demonstrate this with a two-rate tiered pricing scheme combined with equal quotas of the cheaper water. This paper -- a product of the Agricultural Policies Division, Agriculture and Natural Resources Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to implement the World Bank water resources management policy.
Water Transfers In The West
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1992-02-01
Water Transfers In The West written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-02-01 with Science categories.
The American West faces many challenges, but none is more important than the challenge of managing its water. This book examines the role that water transfers can play in allocating the region's scarce water resources. It focuses on the variety of third parties, including Native Americans, Hispanic communities, rural communities, and the environment, that can sometimes be harmed when water is moved. The committee presents recommendations to guide states, tribes, and federal agencies toward better regulation. Seven in-depth case studies are presented: Nevada's Carson-Truckee basin, the Colorado Front Range, northern New Mexico, Washington's Yakima River basin, central Arizona, and the Central and Imperial valleys in California. Water Transfers in the West presents background and current information on factors that have encouraged water transfers, typical types of transfers, and their potential negative effects. The book highlights the benefits that water transfers can bring but notes the need for more third-party representation in the processes used to evaluate planned transfers.
Water Allocation Mechanisms
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Author : Ariel Dinar
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997
Water Allocation Mechanisms written by Ariel Dinar and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Abastecimiento de agua categories.
Efficiency And Equity Considerations In Modeling Inter Sectoral Water Demand In South Africa
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Author : James Sharka Juana
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Efficiency And Equity Considerations In Modeling Inter Sectoral Water Demand In South Africa written by James Sharka Juana and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Empirical studies have shown that while global per capita freshwater availability is declining, competition among production sectors for the withdrawal of this resource is rapidly increasing. This situation is exacerbated by the rapid population growth especially in developing countries, urbanization, industrialization, externality problems, environmental sustainability and the need to increase food production. At country specific levels, policies have been designed to institute water use efficiency, equity and sustainability. The need to promote sectoral water use efficiency from the demand-side management requires a study to investigate the responsiveness of different production sectors and sub-sectors to variations in water prices. In most instances however, efficient water allocation compromises social equity, especially in a country where there is widespread poverty and where the gap between the rich and the poor is so wide that policies aimed at promoting economic growth should be carefully investigated to find whether efficient water allocation can also address the issue of equity among the different population groups. Review of empirical literature on the econometric approaches to sectoral water demand analysis shows that the agriculture sector has the least marginal value of water compared with the manufacturing, mining and services sectors. Based on this evidence it can be hypothesized that water reallocation from the agriculture to the non-agriculture sectors in South Africa can lead to growth in sectoral output. However, in a country where there is a wide gap between the rich and the poor, equity issues are high on the development agenda. Therefore, the benefits derived from efficient water reallocation should be equitably distributed to improve the standard of living of the critical population. Hence, the second hypothesis is that water reallocation from the agriculture to the non-agriculture sector can lead to an increase in the income of the critical population. To investigate these hypotheses the study: estimated the sectoral water demand functions and marginal values, used both social accounting matrix multiplier and computable general equilibrium analysis to investigate the impact of water reallocation from the agriculture to the non-agriculture sectors on output, factor payments on households' welfare and analyzed the households' welfare of the impact of global change on water resources in South Africa. The study used the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) and United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) data, and adopted the marginal productivity approach, and the two-stage model to estimate the global sectoral water demand functions and marginal values for thirteen sectors. This model is extended to the sectoral water demand analysis in South Africa. Thus, to validate the results of the global model, the study estimated sectoral water demand functions in South Africa by extracting data from STATSSA's census of manufacturing and agricultural and services activities, published for each of the nine provinces in South Africa and the 2002 water supply and use accounts published by the same institution. The study tests the policy relevance of the computed marginal values for South Africa by using these values to investigate the impact of reallocating water from the agriculture to the non-agriculture sectors on output growth, value added, employment and households' income generation. To accomplish this objective, the study updates the 1999 social accounting matrix (SAM) for South Africa to reflect 2003 entries, computes the required multipliers and uses these to find how water reallocation on the basis of efficiency impacts sectoral output, households income generation and distribution. However, SAM multiplier analyses assume linearity, factor immobility and constant prices. The study therefore uses the computable general equilibrium analysis to investigate the households' welfare implications of sectoral water reallocation and reduction due to global change. The SAM multiplier analysis shows that reallocation of water from the agriculture to the non-agriculture sectors leads to decrease in the output of the agriculture and the highly inter-dependent sectors. Specifically, output declines in the agriculture, food, beverages and tobacco and the services sectors, while it increases in the other sectors. However, if more than ten percent of the agriculture sector's water is reallocated to the non-agriculture sector, net output declines, implying that the decline in output in the agriculture, food, beverages and tobacco and services sectors is more than the increase in output in the other sectors. This has consequences for factor remuneration, employment and households' income. The above decline in the agriculture sector's output leads to net job losses. Specifically the jobs lost in the agriculture sector are not countered by jobs created in the other sectors that benefit from the water reallocation. This is due to the fact that there are differences in skills requirements by the sectors. While the agriculture sector employs most of the unskilled workers, the other sectors require more medium and highly skilled individuals. This is reflected by changes in the wages paid to labourers. While the wages of unskilled labourers decline, there is an increase in the wages of medium and highly skilled labourers. The simulation results of the computable general equilibrium analysis show that sectoral water reallocation and reduction adversely impact the least and low-income households' welfare, while improving the welfare of the high-income households. The interpretation is that with water reallocation or reduction, capital is substituted for water in the non-agriculture sectors and this increases the interest paid on capital, which goes to high-income households who are the owners of the capital. The adverse consequence can be reduced if food consumption by the poor households is maintained. To do this, some welfare measures are necessary. One such measure is the distribution of food stamps to the poor households.
Equity Efficiency Optimizing Resource Allocation
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Author : Bjorn Van Campenhout
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Equity Efficiency Optimizing Resource Allocation written by Bjorn Van Campenhout and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
We study repeated water allocation decisions among small scale irrigation users in Tanzania. In a treatment replicating water scarcity conditions, convexities in production make that substantial efficiency gains can be obtained by deviating from equal sharing, leading to an equity-efficiency trade-off. In a repeated game setting, it becomes possible to reconcile efficiency with equity by rotating the person who receives the largest share, but such a strategy requires a longer run perspective. Correlating experimental data from an irrigation game with individual time preference data, we find that less patient irrigators are less likely to use a rotation strategy.
Efficiency And Equity Considerations In Pricing And Allocation Irrigation Water
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Author : Yacov Tsur
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Efficiency And Equity Considerations In Pricing And Allocation Irrigation Water written by Yacov Tsur and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Agua - Precios categories.