El Ni O Phenomenon And Fluctuations Of Climate
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El Ni O Phenomenon And Fluctuations Of Climate
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Author : World Meteorological Organization. Executive Council
language : en
Publisher: World Meteorological Organization
Release Date : 1986
El Ni O Phenomenon And Fluctuations Of Climate written by World Meteorological Organization. Executive Council and has been published by World Meteorological Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Climatic changes categories.
Currents Of Change
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Author : Michael H. Glantz
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2001
Currents Of Change written by Michael H. Glantz and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Nature categories.
Culture Bound is designed to give language teachers a basis for introducing a cultural component into their teaching. The articles give a perspective on how language and culture interact and explore in particular the difference between interacting with another culture and entering it: language students are encouraged to understand the new culture without necessarily embracing it. This selection brings together representative practical and theoretical material written by a variety of scholars and teachers in the field. The essays are organized under three headings: language, thought, and culture; cultural differences and similarities; and classroom applications. The collection as a whole brings both breadth and depth to a topic that has been strangely neglected despite its recognized importance.
El Ni O Southern Oscillation In A Changing Climate
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Author : Michael J. McPhaden
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-11-24
El Ni O Southern Oscillation In A Changing Climate written by Michael J. McPhaden and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-24 with Science categories.
Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth’s most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting Future projections of ENSO and its impacts Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.
El Ni O
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Author : A. M. Babkina
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2003
El Ni O written by A. M. Babkina and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Nature categories.
The term El Niño (Spanish for "the Christ Child") was originally used by fishermen along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru to refer to a warm ocean current that typically appears around Christmastime and lasts for several months. Fish are less abundant during these warm intervals, yet in some years, however, the water is especially warm and the break in the fishing season persists into May or even June. El Niño also brings heavy rains. During the past 40 years, nine El Niños have affected the South American coast. Most of them raised water temperatures not only along the coast, but also at the Galapagos islands and in a belt stretching 5000 miles across the equatorial Pacific. The weaker events raised sea temperatures only by one to two degrees Fahrenheit, but the strong ones, like the El Niño of 1982-83, left an imprint, not only upon the local weather and marine life, but also on climatic conditions around the globe. This book includes a detailed overview and bibliography with complete title, author and subject indexes.
El Ni O And The Southern Oscillation
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Author : Henry F. Diaz
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2000-11-09
El Ni O And The Southern Oscillation written by Henry F. Diaz and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-09 with Nature categories.
The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is a recurrent feature of the climate in tropical regions. In this volume leading experts summarize information gained over the past decade concerning diverse aspects of ENSO, which have led to marked improvements in our ability to forecast its development months or seasons in advance. This volume compares ENSO's modern morphology and variability with its recent historic and prehistoric behaviour. It expands and updates Diaz and Markgraf's earlier volume El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation (1992, Cambridge University Press). The volume will be of importance to a broad range of scientists in meteorology, oceanography, hydrology, geosciences, ecology, public health, emergency management response and mitigation, and decision-making. It will also be used as a supplementary textbook and reference source in graduate courses in environmental studies.
El Ni O 1997 1998
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Author : Stanley A. Changnon
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000-04-06
El Ni O 1997 1998 written by Stanley A. Changnon and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-04-06 with Science categories.
This book will cover the time span from the first indications of El Nino (May 1997) until its reversal (June 1998). The focus will be largely on the United States, where El Nino produced widespread changes in how the public perceives weather and in the accuracy of forecasts Among the key issues it will examine are how the news media interpreted and dramatixed El Nino and the reaction both of the public and decision-makers (the latter based on interviews with agribusiness, utilities, water management agencies, etc.); the scientific issues emerging from the event; and the social and economic consequences of the event. Finally, it will suggest what can and should be done when El Nino occurs in the future.
El Nino And Its Effect S On The Climate Of South Dakota
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Author : Matthew J. Bunkers
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
El Nino And Its Effect S On The Climate Of South Dakota written by Matthew J. Bunkers and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
Interactions between the tropical Pacific Ocean and the atmosphere cause predictable interannual fluctuations in climate between warm El Nino and cold La Nina conditions. El Nino events respond to changes in the ocean surface winds which are directly related to anomalous pressure distribution across the southern Pacific, called the Southern Oscillation. El Nino is the warm phase of the Southern Oscillation and is referred to as ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). This causes warm sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) to migrate either eastward or westward across the Pacific Ocean and redistribute the rainy patterns. This phenomenon has been occurring since the earliest meteorological observations were available and therefore makes it a very desirable topic for study. This ocean-atmosphere interaction causes significant changes in the global weather pattern, bringing abnormal conditions to many parts of the earth. An evaluation of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) reveals a pattern of 2-5 years between occurrences, but in some cases ENSO has occurred in consecutive years. Comparisons of the climatic records of South Dakota with 13 ENSO events show that the average temperature increases by 0.4 to 1.3 degrees Fahrenheit during an event, with especially warm temperatures during the winter. Also, the average precipitation is increased by 0.98 inches in Aberdeen to 2.28 inches in Rapid City during the ENSO periods. The amount of precipitation that occurs after an ENSO event is less 69% -93% of the time. This corresponds to the La Nina conditions. Very poor correlations exist between ENSO intensity versus average temperature and precipitation departures (-0.11 and 0.10), although very weak events are accompanied by above normal temperatures for all stations. Finally, the correlation between temperature departure versus precipitation departure is -0.38.
Climate Extremes
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Author : S.-Y. Simon Wang
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-06-15
Climate Extremes written by S.-Y. Simon Wang and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-15 with Science categories.
Although we are seeing more weather and climate extremes, individual extreme events are very diverse and generalization of trends is difficult. For example, mid-latitude and subtropical climate extremes such as heat waves, hurricanes and droughts have increased, and could have been caused by processes including arctic amplification, jet stream meandering, and tropical expansion. This volume documents various climate extreme events and associated changes that have been analyzed through diagnostics, modeling, and statistical approaches. The identification of patterns and mechanisms can aid the prediction of future extreme events. Volume highlights include: Compilation of processes and mechanisms unique to individual weather and climate extreme events Discussion of climate model performance in terms of simulating high-impact weather and climate extremes Summary of various existing theories, including controversial ones, on how climate extremes will continue to become stronger and more frequent Climate Extremes: Patterns and Mechanisms is a valuable resource for scientists and graduate students in the fields of geophysics, climate physics, natural hazards, and environmental science. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/how-does-changing-climate-bring-more-extreme-events
Our Affair With El Ni O
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Author : S. George Philander
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2018-06-05
Our Affair With El Ni O written by S. George Philander and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-05 with Science categories.
Until 1997, few people had heard of the seasonal current that Peruvians nicknamed El Niño. But when meteorologists linked it to devastating floods in California, severe droughts in Indonesia, and strange weather everywhere, its name became entrenched in the common parlance faster than a typhoon making landfall. Bumper stickers appeared bearing the phrase "Don't blame me; blame El Niño." Stockbrokers muttered "El Niño" when the market became erratic. What's behind this fascinating natural phenomenon, and how did our perceptions of it change? In this captivating book, renowned oceanographer George Philander engages readers in lucid and stimulating discussions of the scientific, political, economic and cultural developments that shaped our perceptions of this force of nature. The book begins by outlining the history of El Niño, an innocuous current that appears off the coast of Peru around Christmastime--its name refers to the Child Jesus--and originally was welcomed as a blessing. It goes on to explore how our perceptions of El Niño were transformed, not because the phenomenon changed, but because we did. Philander argues persuasively that familiarity with the different facets of our affair with El Niño--our wealth of experience in dealing with natural hazards such as severe storms and prolonged droughts--can help us cope with an urgent and controversial environmental problem of our own making--global warming. Intellectually invigorating and a joy to read, Our Affair with El Niño is an important contribution to the debate about the relationship between scientific knowledge and public affairs.
Climate Change
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Author : William Kininmonth
language : en
Publisher: multi-science publishing
Release Date : 2004
Climate Change written by William Kininmonth and has been published by multi-science publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Nature categories.
The recurring community and environmental impacts of climate extremes, such as the global pattern associated with the El Niño phenomenon, can bring hardship and set back development. It is no accident that those countries that recognise the importance of planning for climate extremes, adequately engineer public infrastructures, and implement appropriate community response strategies are better adapted. When we take a long view, from many decades to centuries, it is important to understand that there are natural fluctuations in climate system. The warming trend of the recent century is not unus.