Electricity Demand Of Phevs Operated By Private Households And Commercial Fleets
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Electricity Demand Of Phevs Operated By Private Households And Commercial Fleets
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Electricity Demand Of Phevs Operated By Private Households And Commercial Fleets written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Automotive and energy researchers have made considerable efforts to predict the impact of plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) charging on the electrical grid. This work has been done primarily through computer modeling and simulation. The US Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA), in partnership with the University of California at Davis's Institute for Transportation Stuides, have been collecting data from a diverse fleet of PHEVs. The AVTA is conducted by the Idaho National Laboratory for DOE's Vehicle Technologies Program. This work provides the opportunity to quantify the petroleum displacement potential of early PHEV models, and also observe, rather than simulate, the charging behavior of vehicle users. This paper presents actual charging behavior and the resulting electricity demand from these PHEVs operating in undirected, real-world conditions. Charging patterns are examined for both commercial-use and personal-use vehicles. Underlying reasons for charging behavior in both groups are also presented.
Producing Change In Attitudes Toward Abortion
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Author : Robert Alan Lewis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Producing Change In Attitudes Toward Abortion written by Robert Alan Lewis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with categories.
Consumer Response To Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
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Author : Kenneth S. Kurani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Consumer Response To Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Kenneth S. Kurani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with California categories.
Sustainability And The Automobile Industry In Asia
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Author : Aki Suwa
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-03-09
Sustainability And The Automobile Industry In Asia written by Aki Suwa and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-09 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides a wealth of information and a critically required framework for sustainable automobile policy development in major Asian countries. It also gives wide-ranging policy options, ranging from technological to institutional solutions to automobile emission problems, based on empirical case studies and comparative policy and regulatory analysis. It is a useful reference with valuable insights on how rapidly changing economies are adopting their policy and regulatory structures to cope with the progressively severe environmental impacts of automobile increase.
Probabilistic Modelling Of Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Impacts On Distribution Networks In British Columbia
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Probabilistic Modelling Of Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Impacts On Distribution Networks In British Columbia written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) represent a promising future direction for the personal transportation sector in terms of decreasing the reliance on fossil fuels while simultaneously decreasing emissions. Energy used for driving is fully or partially shifted to electricity leading to lower emission rates, especially in a low carbon intensive generation mixture such as that of British Columbia's. Despite the benefits of PHEVs for vehicle owners, care will need to be taken when integrating PHEVs into existing electrical grids. For example, there is a natural coincidence between peak electricity demand and the hours during which the majority of vehicles are parked at a residence after a daily commute. This research aims to investigate the incremental impacts to distribution networks in British Columbia imposed by the charging of PHEVs. A probabilistic model based on Monte Carlo Simulations is used to investigate the impacts of uncontrolled PHEV charging on three phase networks in the BC electricity system. A model simulating daily electricity demand is used to estimate the residential and commercial demand on a network. A PHEV operator model simulates the actions of drivers throughout a typical day in order to estimate the demand for vehicle charging imposed on networks. A load flow algorithm is used to solve three phase networks for voltage, current and line losses. Representative three phase networks are investigated typical of suburban, urban and rural networks. Scenarios of increasing PHEV penetration on the network and technological advancement are considered in the absence of vehicle charging control. The results are analyzed in terms of three main categories of impacts: network demands, network voltage levels and secondary transformer overloading. In all of the networks, the PHEV charging adds a large amount of demand to the daily peak period. The increase in peak demand due to PHEV charging increases at a higher rate than the increase in energy supplie.
Impact Of Observed Travel And Charging Behavior Simulated Workplace Charging Infrastructure And Vehicle Design On Phev Utility Factors Uf Total Charge Depleting Cd Driving And Time Of Day Tod Grid Demand
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Author : Jamie Davies-Shawhyde
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Impact Of Observed Travel And Charging Behavior Simulated Workplace Charging Infrastructure And Vehicle Design On Phev Utility Factors Uf Total Charge Depleting Cd Driving And Time Of Day Tod Grid Demand written by Jamie Davies-Shawhyde and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can run on gasoline or grid electricity and have been widely touted as promising more future societal and environmental benefits than hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, since the charging of PHEVs will place new loads on the electrical grid, how much and the time of day (TOD) at which users plug in their vehicles will have implications for electricity providers who must meet the additional electrical load required to charge a fleet of PHEVs. PHEV charging could place new burdens on existing electrical infrastructure (substations and transformers) and generating capacity. Information about consumers' charging behavior can help utilities and interested parties better plan for PHEVS in the marketplace. To date, analysts have made assumptions as to the design of PHEVs that will be purchased, and the travel and charging behavior of the future users. Furthermore, since PHEVs can run in charge depleting (CD) and charge sustaining (CS) modes there is uncertainty as to how much travel will be completed in each mode due to the variety of possible vehicle designs, access to charging infrastructure, and travel and charging behavior of PHEV users. Accounting for the amount of travel in each mode is crucial in order to accurately assess the fuel economy (FE) benefits, green house gas (GHG) emissions and costs of PHEVs. In 2001, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) promulgated standard J2841 defining the utility factor (UF) as the percentage of travel that can be completed in CD mode for a PHEV fleet with a given CD range. As such, the SAE standard J2841 has a substantial influence on policies regarding PHEVs and their assumed benefits and costs, and has been used by analysts, industry, and policy makers to calculate PHEV corporate average fuel economy (CAFE), GHG emissions, operating costs and Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) credits. My analysis challenges J2841 by calculating the observed UF for a fleet of PHEVs driven by 25 Plausible Early Market (PEM) PHEV buyers in a demonstration and market research project. To estimate the potential effects on the UF of additional recharging infrastructure, I model a workplace charging scenario in which each of the 25 households recharges the PHEV at their workplace as well as at home. Lastly, hypothetical consumer designed PHEVs, solicited from each PEM household, are used to create and compare future market scenarios in which consumers are offered a wide variety of makes and body styles of PHEVs--thus simulating a plausible future market in which a variety of PHEVs are offered for sale. The results suggest that promoting "short range" PHEVs and focusing on popular vehicle-types, rather than upon achieving high CD ranges, could lead to greater total benefits from PHEVs in the early market, through more widespread adoption of PHEVs. Compared to SAE J2841, the observed UFs from the PEM demonstration data are 10 percentage points higher for PHEVs of up to 40 miles of CD range. At 40 miles CD range, J2841 stipulates a UF of 62%; I calculate a UF of 72% from the observed data. The increase in CD driving from adding simulated workplace charging varies by vehicle range, with the largest percentage point increases in CD driving occurring below 20 miles. Workplace charging changes the TOD distribution of power needed to charge a fleet of vehicles, producing a new maximum at 9:30am. The addition of workplace charging under the conditions modeled here does not change the evening peak power demand.
Energy And The New Reality 1
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Author : L. D. Danny Harvey
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-08-12
Energy And The New Reality 1 written by L. D. Danny Harvey and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-12 with Nature categories.
Reducing and managing humanity's demand for energy is a fundamental part of the effort to mitigate climate change. In this, the most comprehensive textbook ever written on the subject, L.D. Danny Harvey lays out the theory and practice of how things must change if we are to meet our energy needs sustainably. The book begins with a succinct summary of the scientific basis for concern over global warming, then outlines energy basics and current patterns and trends in energy use. This is followed by a discussion of current and advanced technologies for the generation of electricity from fossil fuels. The book then considers in detail how energy is used, and how this use can be dramatically reduced, in the following end-use sectors: - buildings - transportation - industry - food and agriculture - municipal services The findings from these sector-by-sector assessments are then applied to generate scenarios of how global energy demand could evolve over the coming decades with full implementation of the identified and economically-feasible energy-saving potential. The book ends with a brief discussion of policies that can be used to reduce energy demand, but also addresses the limits of technologically-based improvements in efficiency in moderating demand and of the need to re-think some of our underlying assumptions concern ends with a brief discusing what we really need. Along with its companion volume on C-free energy supply, and accompanied by extensive supplementary online material, this is an essential resource for students and practitioners in engineering, architecture, environment and energy related fields. Online material includes: Excel-based computational exercises, teaching slides for each chapter, links to free software tools.
Advanced Technologies In Electric Vehicles
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Author : Vijayakumar Gali
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-02-26
Advanced Technologies In Electric Vehicles written by Vijayakumar Gali and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Advanced Technologies in Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Future Research Developments discusses fundamental and advanced concepts, challenges, and future perspectives surrounding EVs. Sections cover advances and long-term challenges such as battery life span, efficiency, and power management systems. In addition, the book covers all aspects of the EV field, including vehicle performance, configuration, control strategy, design methodology, modeling and simulation for different conventional and modern vehicles based on mathematical equations. By tackling the fundamentals, theory and design of conventional electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), this book presents a comprehensive reference. Investment in hybrid and electric vehicle (EV) technology research has been increasing steadily in recent years, both from governments and within companies. The role of the combustion engine in causing climate change has put the automobile industry on a path of rapid evolution towards electric vehicles, bringing experts with a range of backgrounds into the field. Provides the latest advances in battery management systems to address power quality issues Explains step-by-step methodologies for the testing of EV battery systems Explores the technological options for charging systems and charging infrastructure
Energy Conversion
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Author : D. Yogi Goswami
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-07-06
Energy Conversion written by D. Yogi Goswami and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-06 with Science categories.
This handbook surveys the range of methods and fuel types used in generating energy for industry, transportation, and heating and cooling of buildings. Solar, wind, biomass, nuclear, geothermal, ocean and fossil fuels are discussed and compared, and the thermodynamics of energy conversion is explained. Appendices are provided with fully updated data. Thoroughly revised, this second edition surveys the latest advances in energy conversion from a wide variety of currently available energy sources. It describes energy sources such as fossil fuels, biomass (including refuse-derived biomass fuels), nuclear, solar radiation, wind, geothermal, and ocean, then provides the terminology and units used for each energy resource and their equivalence. It includes an overview of the steam power cycles, gas turbines, internal combustion engines, hydraulic turbines, Stirling engines, advanced fossil fuel power systems, and combined-cycle power plants. It outlines the development, current use, and future of nuclear power.
Probabilistic Modelling Of Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Impacts On Distribution Networks In British Columbia
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Author : Liam Kelly
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Probabilistic Modelling Of Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Impacts On Distribution Networks In British Columbia written by Liam Kelly and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) represent a promising future direction for the personal transportation sector in terms of decreasing the reliance on fossil fuels while simultaneously decreasing emissions. Energy used for driving is fully or partially shifted to electricity leading to lower emission rates, especially in a low carbon intensive generation mixture such as that of British Columbia's. Despite the benefits of PHEVs for vehicle owners, care will need to be taken when integrating PHEVs into existing electrical grids. For example, there is a natural coincidence between peak electricity demand and the hours during which the majority of vehicles are parked at a residence after a daily commute. This research aims to investigate the incremental impacts to distribution networks in British Columbia imposed by the charging of PHEVs. A probabilistic model based on Monte Carlo Simulations is used to investigate the impacts of uncontrolled PHEV charging on three phase networks in the BC electricity system. A model simulating daily electricity demand is used to estimate the residential and commercial demand on a network. A PHEV operator model simulates the actions of drivers throughout a typical day in order to estimate the demand for vehicle charging imposed on networks. A load flow algorithm is used to solve three phase networks for voltage, current and line losses. Representative three phase networks are investigated typical of suburban, urban and rural networks. Scenarios of increasing PHEV penetration on the network and technological advancement are considered in the absence of vehicle charging control. The results are analyzed in terms of three main categories of impacts: network demands, network voltage levels and secondary transformer overloading. In all of the networks, the PHEV charging adds a large amount of demand to the daily peak period. The increase in peak demand due to PHEV charging increases at a higher rate than the increase in energy supplied to the network as a result of vehicles charging at 240V outlets. No significant voltage drop or voltage unbalance problems occur on any of the networks investigated. Secondary transformer overloading rates are highest on the suburban network. PHEVs can also contribute to loss of transformer life specifically for transformers that are overloaded in the absence of PHEV charging. For the majority of feeders, uncontrolled PHEV charging should not pose significant problems in the near term. Recommendations are made for future studies and possible methods for mitigating the impacts.