Elucidating The Roles And Mechanisms By Which A Long Non Coding Rna Anril Regulates Endothelial Cell Activities In The Development Of Coronary Artery Disease
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Elucidating The Roles And Mechanisms By Which A Long Non Coding Rna Anril Regulates Endothelial Cell Activities In The Development Of Coronary Artery Disease
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Author : Hyosuk Cho
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Elucidating The Roles And Mechanisms By Which A Long Non Coding Rna Anril Regulates Endothelial Cell Activities In The Development Of Coronary Artery Disease written by Hyosuk Cho and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Coronary heart disease categories.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. CAD is caused by atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries, and genetic factors are critical to the development of CAD. Although genome-wide association studies emphasized the importance of 9p21.3 locus as the first and most robust locus of CAD, the causal genes at this locus and their molecular mechanisms remain to be identified. In our studies with the long non-coding RNA gene, ANRIL, located within the 9p21.3 locus, we focused on the trafficking of monocytes across the endothelium, the critical cellular processes of CAD. First, we highlight our key findings that overexpression of the most abundant transcript of ANRIL, DQ485454, significantly reduces the trafficking of monocytes. In contrast, siRNA-mediated ANRIL knockdown (KD) has the opposite effect by modulating the expression levels of CLIP1, EZR, and LYVE1. Although microarray and follow-up quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed multiple downstream genes of ANRIL, our mechanistic studies demonstrated that overexpression of CLIP1, EZR, and LYVE1 reversed the effects of ANRIL KD on trafficking of monocytes. Next, we further describe our discovery that ANRIL KD upregulates the expression of TMEM106B genes. Mechanistic studies disclosed that KD of TMEM106B reversed the effects of ANRIL KD on monocyte trafficking. Furthermore, the decreased trafficking of monocytes induced by ANRIL overexpression was fully reversed by overexpressing TMEM106B, which shows that TMEM106B is a necessary player in changing the cell processes that lead to CAD. Interestingly, we found that genomic variants in TMEM106B are highly associated with CAD, and significant gene-gene interaction was detected between rs2383207 in ANRIL and rs3807865 in TMEM106B, which suggests that ANRIL regulates EC functions by modulating TMEM106B expression. We further report that the two major splice variants of ANRIL, DQ485454 and NR_003529, demonstrate antagonizing effects on the endothelial cell activities associated with CAD. Modulating the expression level of the transcripts in the opposite direction maximized the observed changes in cellular activities we acquired in the previous studies. The transcripts also demonstrated expression regulation of the key downstream genes of ANRIL in the opposite direction. Altogether, these data suggest that ANRIL is the causal gene for CAD at the 9p21.3 locus that regulates EC functions directly related to CAD, and provide in vitro evidence that splice variants of ANRIL are the essential components of the gene in modulating the CAD risk by regulating the expression of the downstream genes, CLIP1, EZR, LYVE1, and TMEM106B.
Circulating Micrornas
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Author : Takahiro Ochiya
language : en
Publisher: Humana Press
Release Date : 2013-05-30
Circulating Micrornas written by Takahiro Ochiya and has been published by Humana Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-30 with Medical categories.
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological phenomena, such as development and homeostasis. The dysregulation of miRNA leads to disease progression, particularly of cancer. In Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail recent advances in the isolation, purification and analysis of circulating miRNAs from a variety of sources for research. The book is divided into three main topics. The first section involves the study of secretory miRNAs in cell-cell communication, and the second, the study of circulating miRNAs in body fluids. The last describes the novel techniques used to study circulating miRNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in dealing with the recent advances of RNAi technology from the bench to the bedside.
Non Coding Rnas In Cardiovascular Diseases
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Author : Junjie Xiao
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2021-04-28
Non Coding Rnas In Cardiovascular Diseases written by Junjie Xiao and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-28 with Science categories.
This book presents the latest research on non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular disease, a major cause of death worldwide. Non-coding RNAs play a significant role in development, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Since altered non-coding RNA expression is often associated with various diseases, their potential use in diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics is an important current area of study. The book consists of six parts: 1) An overview of non-coding RNAs and cardiovascular system, 2) Bioinformatics and interactions, 3) Non-coding RNA regulation in cardiovascular system, 4) Non-coding RNAs and cardiovascular diseases, 5) Potential biomarkers and therapeutic implications, 6) Future prospects. It is particularly useful for researchers and students in the field of non-coding RNA and cardiovascular biology, as well as for cardiologists, pharmacologists and physiologists.
Type 2 Diabetes
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Author : Anca Pantea Stoian
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-09-22
Type 2 Diabetes written by Anca Pantea Stoian and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-22 with Medical categories.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels. Of the various types of diabetes, type 2 diabetes is increasing in prevalence due to obesity, aging, sedentarism, and other factors. This book presents a novel approach to preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. Chapters cover such topics as diagnosis, pathogenesis, management, lifestyle and nutritional intervention, and systems to support early diagnosis and prevention of prediabetes.
Heart Genomics
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Author : Hong Jiang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-10-11
Heart Genomics written by Hong Jiang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-11 with Medical categories.
This book elucidates how advances in genomics research are being applied in connection with heart diseases. It describes the development of genome-scale technologies and their applications to all areas of cardiac investigations, such as genomics, functional genomics, epigenomics, etc., and how they relate to a series of important breakthroughs in various heart diseases. Applying unbiased genomics, combined with a disease-focused and hypothesis-driven approach, represents a promising way to advance our understanding of cardiac diseases. The book offers an important reference work on introducing genomics in heart disease for all scientists and graduate students whose work involves genomics and cardiology, as well as for clinical physicians.
Fetal Therapy
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Author : Mark D. Kilby
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013
Fetal Therapy written by Mark D. Kilby and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Medical categories.
Covers the latest insights any fetal specialist needs and provides essential knowledge for professionals caring for women with high-risk pregnancies.
Cancer Rnome Nature Evolution
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Author : Mansi Arora
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-02
Cancer Rnome Nature Evolution written by Mansi Arora and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-02 with Medical categories.
In the last decade, researchers working in the field of cancer biology have shifted their focus from genetic defects to epigenetic dysregulation, especially that of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). This book encompasses a comprehensive review of the transcriptional landscape of the cell and its involvement in the cancer pathophysiology. The first two chapters elucidate the basics of biosynthesis, mechanism of action and modulation of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by coding as well as non-coding RNAs. The third chapter discusses the aberrant expression of the cellular RNome in the cancer cells and highlights its role in the orchestration of processes involved in evolution as well as the sustenance of cancer cells. The fourth chapter describes the recent advances in the field of translating the transcriptome into diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and as targets for novel anti-cancer therapies. The final chapter then reviews the emerging experimental approaches to screen, identify and explore the functions of ncRNAs. Providing valuable insights into the field of RNome in the context of cancer, this book is helpful to students, researchers and clinicians..
Chromatin Signaling And Diseases
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Author : Olivier Binda
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-08-06
Chromatin Signaling And Diseases written by Olivier Binda and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-06 with Science categories.
Chromatin Signaling and Diseases covers the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which govern everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging, such as cancer. This book helps researchers learn about or keep up with the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling. After reading this book, clinicians will be more capable of explaining the mechanisms of gene expression regulation to their patients to reassure them about new drug developments that target chromatin signaling mechanisms. For example, several epigenetic drugs that act on chromatin signaling factors are in clinical trials or even approved for usage in cancer treatments, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Other epigenetic drugs are in development to regulate various class of chromatin signaling factors. To keep up with this changing landscape, clinicians and doctors will need to stay familiar with genetic advances that translate to clinical practice, such as chromatin signaling. Although sequencing of the human genome was completed over a decade ago and its structure investigated for nearly half a century, molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression remain largely misunderstood. An emerging concept called chromatin signaling proposes that small protein domains recognize chemical modifications on the genome scaffolding histone proteins, facilitating the nucleation of enzymatic complexes at specific loci that then open up or shut down the access to genetic information, thereby regulating gene expression. The addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, as well as the proteins that specifically recognize these, is reviewed in Chromatin Signaling and Diseases. Finally, the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling is also explored. Explains molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which governs everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging Educates clinicians and researchers about chromatin signaling, a molecular mechanism that is changing our understanding of human pathology Explores the addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, the proteins that specifically recognize these, and the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling Helps researchers learn about the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling
The Chemical Biology Of Long Noncoding Rnas
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Author : Stefan Jurga
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-01
The Chemical Biology Of Long Noncoding Rnas written by Stefan Jurga and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-01 with Medical categories.
This book offers a comprehensive and detailed overview of various aspects of long non-coding RNAs. It discusses their emerging significance in molecular medicine, ranging from human cancers to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Transcriptomic studies have demonstrated that the majority of genomes found in complex organisms are expressed in highly dynamic and cell-specific patterns, producing huge numbers of intergenic, antisense and intronic long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Thousands of lncRNAs have been identified, and unlike mRNA, they have no protein-coding capacity. A large repertoire of ncRNAs, actively transcribed from the mammalian genome, control diverse cellular processes, both in terms of development and diseases, through a variety of gene regulatory mechanisms. IncRNAs have emerged as a new paradigm in epigenetic regulation of the genome. Given its scope, the book will be of particular interest to molecular, chemical, cell and developmental biologists, as well as specialists in translational medicine involved in disease-oriented research. It also offers a valuable resource for in silico experts seeking a deeper understanding of lncRNA expression and function through computational analysis of the NGS data.
Chitooligosaccharides
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Author : Se-Kwon Kim
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-02-23
Chitooligosaccharides written by Se-Kwon Kim and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book outlines the production of chitooligossacharides and their derivatives and discusses their main biological activities, biomedical applications and their role in disease prevention. Chitooligosaccharides are products of chitosan or chitin degradation, prepared by enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis of chitosan, and they consist mainly of N-acetyl glucosamine and glucosamine bonded with a glycosidic bond. Compared to chitin and chitosan, chitooligossacharides offer advantages for large-scale and commercial applications due to their solubility in water and lower molecular weight. Written by leading experts, this book is divided into four parts. The first part provides a general introduction to chitooligossacharides. The second part focuses on the bioproduction of chitooligossacharides through enzymatic synthesis and also covers physical and chemical methods of synthesis. The third part explores the major biological activities of chitooligosaccharides, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and neuroprotective activities, and discusses the disease preventing mechanisms of chitooligosaccharides. In this section, readers will also find about the latest in vivo studies which support the use of chitooligosaccharides in the prevention and control of disease. The final part highlights important biomedical applications of chitooligosaccharides, including in tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing applications. It also includes the volume editor’s perspective on the health and safety risks of chitooligosaccharides. Given its scope, this book is useful not only for researches in the field but also for students interested in biomaterials, pharmaceuticals, marine biotechnology, nutraceuticals and food science.