Energy Interaction Between The Troposphere And Stratosphere
DOWNLOAD
Download Energy Interaction Between The Troposphere And Stratosphere PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Energy Interaction Between The Troposphere And Stratosphere book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Energy Interaction Between The Troposphere And Stratosphere
DOWNLOAD
Author : Lawrence S. Hanstrote
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1960
Energy Interaction Between The Troposphere And Stratosphere written by Lawrence S. Hanstrote and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1960 with Advection (Meteorology) categories.
Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions
DOWNLOAD
Author : K. Mohanakumar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-07-03
Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions written by K. Mohanakumar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-03 with Science categories.
Stratospheric processes play a signi?cant role in regulating the weather and c- mate of the Earth system. Solar radiation, which is the primary source of energy for the tropospheric weather systems, is absorbed by ozone when it passes through the stratosphere, thereby modulating the solar-forcing energy reaching into the t- posphere. The concentrations of the radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases present in the lower atmosphere, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, control the radiation balance of the atmosphere by the two-way interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere. The stratosphere is the transition region which interacts with the weather s- tems in the lower atmosphere and the richly ionized upper atmosphere. Therefore, this part of the atmosphere provides a long list of challenging scienti?c problems of basic nature involving its thermal structure, energetics, composition, dynamics, chemistry, and modeling. The lower stratosphere is very much linked dynamically, radiatively,and chemically with the upper troposphere,even though the temperature characteristics of these regions are different. The stratosphere is a region of high stability, rich in ozone and poor in water - por and temperature increases with altitude. The lower stratospheric ozone absorbs the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and protects life on the Earth. On the other hand, the troposphere has high concentrations of water vapor, is low in ozone, and temperature decreases with altitude. The convective activity is more in the troposphere than in the stratosphere.
The Problem Of Troposphere And Stratosphere Interaction At Middle Latitudes
DOWNLOAD
Author : B. N. Trubnikov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
The Problem Of Troposphere And Stratosphere Interaction At Middle Latitudes written by B. N. Trubnikov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with categories.
A system of linearized equations is developed for the analysis of the interactions between the troposphere and the stratosphere. Ultimately, the meridional disturbance of the seasonal zonal state is described by a second-order differential equation with variable coefficients. Applied with modifications to the analysis of free atmospheric oscillations, it indicates that the existence of interrelated processes in the atmosphere and troposphere essentially depends not just on the scale of the process, but also on the mid-seasonal wind velocity and atmospheric stability. A coefficient of refraction from weather rocket data was calculated for mid-latitudes of the USSR, using the Rossby formula. Near the tropopause, this coefficient has a sharp discontinuity. A qualitative analysis of the coefficients distribution pattern enabled the modeling of the formation of barrier layers. It is conceivable that better understanding of the role of barrier layers will explain the formation of warmer regions at high altitudes and the 'explosive' nature of energy expansion upwards. The calculation involving a rough approximation of the refraction factor indicates that the strong meridional winds at mid-latitudes of the European USSR may be caused by the expansion of the meridional component from the troposphere into the stratosphere. (Author).
The Circulation Of The Stratosphere
DOWNLOAD
Author : Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Planetary Circulations Project
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1959
The Circulation Of The Stratosphere written by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Planetary Circulations Project and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1959 with Atmosphere, Upper categories.
An Investigation Of The Interaction Evolution And Maintenance Of The Large Scale Waves In The Stratosphere And Troposphere
DOWNLOAD
Author : James Larrien Hatch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
An Investigation Of The Interaction Evolution And Maintenance Of The Large Scale Waves In The Stratosphere And Troposphere written by James Larrien Hatch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Energy transfer categories.
Based on National Meteorological Center and Air Force gridded analysis data over the Northern Hemisphere and tropical regions, an analysis of the interaction, evolution, and maintenance of available potential and kinetic energy was carried out. This analysis indicated that the maintenance of the energetics in the winter, middle latitudes followed a definite cycle. Diabatic heating supplied energy to the mean stratospheric available potential energy, which then converted to mean stratospheric kinetic energy and was subsequently removed from the system by Reynolds and molecular stresses. Analysis of energy transfer at boundaries indicated that boundary terms act principally to decrease centers of high kinetic and available potential energy or to increase energy in areas of relative minimum kinetic or available potential energy. Of all boundary terms, the vertical geopotential flux was seen as the most important, transferring energy upward over most of the Northern Hemisphere for all wave numbers and converging energy in the region of the tropical tropopause for wave number 2. It suggests that stratospheric warnings may be an effect of energy transfer at boundaries.
Dynamic Interactions Between The Troposphere And Stratosphere
DOWNLOAD
Author : James Paul Koermer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Dynamic Interactions Between The Troposphere And Stratosphere written by James Paul Koermer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Stratosphere categories.
A primitive equation spectral model using spherical harmonics is formulated to study interactions between the troposphere and stratosphere in association with sudden stratospheric warmings. In order to follow vertical wave propagation so important to this process, the model consists of 31 levels with 5 in the troposphere and the other 26 in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Using sigma coordinates for the former and log-pressure coordinates for the latter, separate equations for each system are combined to form a single matrix governing equations. The gradual introduction of planetry scale topography to an initially balanced state representative of observed mean winter conditions in the Northern Hemisphere is used to force changes in the initial field during 40 day time integrations. Utilizing the same initial tropospheric conditions, three cases were run. The first case started with a weak polar night jet in the stratosphere and mesosphere. The second case had a much stronger polar vortex. For the third case, a lid was placed on the troposphere and no interaction was allowed with the atmosphere at higher levels. Results of these integrations indicate that realistic stratospheric warmings can be simulated by simple orographic forcing.
Spectral Atmospheric Energetics During January 1959
DOWNLOAD
Author : Paulin, Gaston
language : en
Publisher: National Library of Canada
Release Date : 1968
Spectral Atmospheric Energetics During January 1959 written by Paulin, Gaston and has been published by National Library of Canada this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Atmosphere categories.
The energetics of January 1959 are assessed through a set of spectral energy equations developed for an open atmospheric system. The investigation considers two sets of data: a mid-January five-day set with a high vertical resolution of 10 levels (1000 to 10 mb) and the full month's data at three levels (500, 100 and 25 mb). The diagnostic omega-equation is solved in Fourier spectral form and diabatic radiative effects are included for the stratosphere. Strong dynamical interactions between the troposphere and the stratosphere are found in wave numbers, 1, 2 and 4: this is associated with geopotential, flux, whose convergence is mainly responsible for increases in stratospheric activity. The major 25-mb eddy changes are related to wave one and two oscillations in the 500 mb block. Non-linear wave interactions also yield significant modifications in the eddy energies. The daily spectral energetics are discussed systematically to explain the observed energy fluctuations. (Author).
The Role Of The Stratosphere In Global Change
DOWNLOAD
Author : Marie-Lise Chanin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
The Role Of The Stratosphere In Global Change written by Marie-Lise Chanin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Scientists concerned with the processes occurring in the stratosphere are becoming more and more aware of the role that the stratosphere may play in the global climate and in global change in general. This book focuses on the basic processes taking place in the stratosphere and on the stratospheric changes which may occur from either natural or anthropogenic forcing. Of major concern here is the consequence of the increasing Antarctic Ozone Hole and the possibility of similar processes occurring at northern latitudes. One of the expected consequences of the change in the stratospheric composition, mainly ozone depletion, is the change in the penetration of UV-B in the troposphere, at the surface, and in the top layers of the ocean. Monitoring and modeling of those changes are still in infancy, even though the implications may be of utmost importance for the entire biosphere. Several aspects of these consequences with regard to aquatic ecosystems, terrestrial vegetation and human health are presented by experts in these fields.
Satellite Meteorology
DOWNLOAD
Author : Stanley Q. Kidder
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1995-09-12
Satellite Meteorology written by Stanley Q. Kidder and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-09-12 with Science categories.
At last, a book that has what every atmospheric science and meteorology student should know about satellite meteorology: the orbits of satellites, the instruments they carry, the radiation they detect, and, most importantly, the fundamental atmospheric data that can be retrieved from their observations. Key Features * Of special interest are sections on: * Remote sensing of atmospheric temperature, trace gases, winds, cloud and aerosol data, precipitation, and radiation budget * Satellite image interpretation * Satellite orbits and navigation * Radiative transfer fundamentals
Stratospheric Energy Processes And Associated Atmospheric Long Wave Structure In Winter
DOWNLOAD
Author : H. Stuart Muench
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964
Stratospheric Energy Processes And Associated Atmospheric Long Wave Structure In Winter written by H. Stuart Muench and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with Atmospheric models categories.
The question of the source of energy for the changes in the mid-winter stratosphere circulation pattern associated with the sudden warming phenomenon is examined. A set of energy equations is derived which is applicable to the stratosphere as an open system. The terms of these equations are interpreted as representing energy conversions and energy fluxes. The terms are evaluated for January 1958, for the mass from 100 mb to 10 mb and from 10N to 90N. Within the mass studied, the energy conversions acted in the same direction throughout the month, but increased in magnitude prior to and during the stratosphere warming. Energy was lost due to differential diabatic heating but was gained, at the expense of tropospheric energy, through a correlation between vertical velocity and geopotential. The apparent coupling with the troposphere is investigated further through harmonic analysis and evidence is found for vertically propagating long waves. A simple model is deduced from the data to explain certain phenomena in the stratosphere. (Author).