Engineering Properties Of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
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Engineering Properties Of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
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Author : Thomas William Kennedy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Engineering Properties Of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures written by Thomas William Kennedy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Asphalt categories.
Engineering Properties Of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Engineering Properties Of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
Evaluation Of Properties Of Recycled Asphalt Concrete Hot Mix
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Author : Elton R. Brown
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Evaluation Of Properties Of Recycled Asphalt Concrete Hot Mix written by Elton R. Brown and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Concrete categories.
Recycled Materials In Geotechnical And Pavement Applications
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Author : Amin Chegenizadeh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-02-28
Recycled Materials In Geotechnical And Pavement Applications written by Amin Chegenizadeh and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-28 with Science categories.
This book considers the application of recycled materials both in pavement and geotechnical engineering. Currently, Australia has faced the fundamental concern of recycling waste plastic. On 1 January 2018, China enforced a prohibition on the importation of waste plastic. China's ban is followed by other countries like India, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The ban caused many corporations to abandon waste collection agreements, and the stockpiling of waste, as there is nowhere to safely deposit this waste. This issue seems, to a great extent, to have placed Australia's recycling industry in a crisis. As a result, local councils will have to find strategic ways of recycling accumulated waste that will become a more significant issue in the coming years. In Australia, apart from economic growth, the road pavement has weakened rapidly as the current pavement unable to withstand this urgent traffic load demand. The adding of polymers to the mixtures improves the stiffness, rutting resistance, and fatigue cracking [1]. However, the application of virgin polymer is costly. Thus, using waste polymer such as waste plastic polymer is an inexpensive substitute. The potential for recycled plastic to improve the performance properties of asphalt mixtures has been demonstrated in many countries the UK, Canada, The Netherlands, and India [2]. Similarly, another application of recycled materials can be in geotechnical infrastructure. This book considers the application of recycled materials both in pavement and geotechnical engineering. References [1] Airey, G.D., Singleton, T.M., & Collop, A.C.(2002). Properties of polymer modified bitumen after rubber- bitumen interaction. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering .14(4), 344- 354. [2] K. O'Farrell. Australian Plastics Recycling Survey- National Report. Australian Government, Department of Environment and Energy, Australia. Project reference,2018 A21502.
Selection Of Asphalt Recycling Methods And Recycled Asphalt Mixture Properties
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Author : Nicholas James Cerullo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Selection Of Asphalt Recycling Methods And Recycled Asphalt Mixture Properties written by Nicholas James Cerullo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Asphalt categories.
Mixture Design Procedure For Recycled Asphalt Pavements
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Author : Thomas William Kennedy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Mixture Design Procedure For Recycled Asphalt Pavements written by Thomas William Kennedy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Pavements, Asphalt categories.
Effects Of Laboratory Mixing Methods And Rap Materials On Performance Of Hot Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
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Author : Viết Hưng Nguyễn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Effects Of Laboratory Mixing Methods And Rap Materials On Performance Of Hot Recycled Asphalt Mixtures written by Viết Hưng Nguyễn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
The primary work reported in this thesis is concerned mainly with the effects of different mixing methods and RAP materials on homogeneity and mechanical properties of hot recycled asphalt mixtures. The recycled asphalt mixture conforms to the requirement of BS 4987-1 (2005) for dense bitumen macadam size 10 mm (DBM 10 mm). The proportion of RAP in the recycled mixture is 40%. RAP materials are artificially aged and processed in the laboratory to prevent the variability of RAP gradation, bitumen content, and the origin. Laboratory RAP is also used to assure that every single RAP particle is an agglomerate of RAP aggregate and binder. The mixing procedures include Black Rock (BR), Complete Blending (CB), the SHRP procedure, and a newly developed field simulation method (FS). The primary difference between these methods is the mixing mechanism. The BR case implies the situation in which there is completely no interaction between RAP and virgin binder. On the contrary, RAP and virgin binder are fully interacted in the CB case. The mixing procedures for BR and CB cases conform to those for conventional asphalt mixtures. However, the bitumen for BR case is pure virgin bitumen. In addition, the bitumen for CB is the blend between RAP and virgin binder. The RAP/virgin binder proportion is 4/6. In the SHRP method, RAP is preheated at 110oC for two hours before being mixed with virgin aggregate and binder for 2 minutes at 130oC. In the FS method on the contrary, the mixing procedure duplicates what occurs in the asphalt mixing plant. RAP is mixed with superheated virgin aggregate (215oC) for different durations before this combination is blended with virgin bitumen for 2 minutes at 130oC. The RAP/superheated virgin aggregate mixing duration starts from short mixing time where RAP still exists at approximately original size and gradually increases until the change in RAP lump size is insignificant. Depending on the size of RAP used, RAP/superheated virgin aggregate mixing duration varies from 1 to 8 minutes. The homogeneity of hot recycled asphalt mixture is examined by using virgin binder with a different colour from that of RAP binder. The colour of virgin binder is obtained by mixing clear binder (Shell Mexphalt C 160/220 Pen) with iron oxide pigment. The proportion of pigment is 10% by weight of the binder making this binder red. The use of virgin binder with different colour from that of RAP binder helps to clearly differentiate the locations of RAP and virgin materials. Surfaces of slices cut from compacted recycled specimens are photographed by digital camera. The analysis of these surfaces in vertical order allows the locations of RAP material to be qualitatively identified in a 3D manner. Stiffness modulus values of samples for homogeneity assessment are also determined by indirect tensile stiffness test. The stiffness test is carried out in four directions along the circumference of each specimen with 45o angular increments. The experimental results show that the stiffness measurement in four directions can indicate the heterogeneity of recycled mixture. The variation in stiffness values in different measured directions will be substantial for heterogeneous mixtures and minor in the case where recycled mixtures are homogeneous. The results indicate there are mutual relations between mixing effort, homogeneity, and stiffness values of recycled asphalt mixtures. The longer mixing time will enhance the homogeneity and reduce the variation in stiffness values of recycled mixture. In addition, as more RAP and virgin binder are incorporated, the stiffness values of recycled mixture generally increase once the mixing time is extended. As the clear binder is dyed red by 10% by weight of iron oxide, the proportion of the pigment certainly alters the flow characteristic of binder. This might affect the mixing process and rejuvenating effect between virgin and aged binder. Therefore, the effects of mixing methods and RAP sizes on mechanical performance of hot recycled asphalt mixtures are further investigated using normal straight run bitumen 160/220 Pen as virgin binder. The assessment indicators include stiffness modulus, resistance to fatigue damage, and resistance to permanent deformation. The experimental results indicate that the conventional laboratory mixing method (SHRP) tends to overestimate the mechanical properties of recycled asphalt mixture. The long RAP preheating time that never exists in the industry coincidentally enhances the reaction between RAP and virgin binder. The long RAP preheating time also slightly alters the properties of RAP binder. For the FS method, the increase in mixing duration significantly improves the homogeneity level of recycled mixtures. The homogeneity level is also substantially affected by the size of RAP material. For the same mixing effort, the mixtures comprised of small RAP are generally more homogeneous than those made from larger RAP. The more homogeneous the mixture, the more interaction between RAP and virgin binder. Therefore, recycled mixtures become stiffer and have better resistance to permanent deformation and fatigue failure. A slightly linear increase in stiffness can result in an exponential increase in fatigue life of the recycled mixture. The mechanical properties including stiffness modulus, resistance to fatigue damage, and resistance to permanent deformation of hot recycled asphalt mixtures are not similar to those of the BR or CB mixtures, even at the favourable condition where RAP is preheated for 2 hours at 110oC in the SHRP method and 8 minutes mixing duration in the FS method. This implies that RAP does not act as Black Rock. In addition, the assumption that RAP and virgin binder are fully blended also never exists in the recycled asphalt production process.
A Study On Properties Of Foamed Asphalt Treated Mixes
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Author : CT. Chiu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
A Study On Properties Of Foamed Asphalt Treated Mixes written by CT. Chiu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Cold recycling categories.
From both economical and ecological points of view, cold recycling is much more beneficial than hot recycling. However, due to not only the intrinsic properties of binding mechanisms but also the difficulties of process control, cold recycling did not gain common acceptance in Taiwanese paving industries. For the further development of environment-friendly paving materials and construction processes, this particular study investigated the engineering properties of foamed-asphalt-treated bases in Taiwan. Using a laboratory foaming plant, work was performed on local materials to produce foamed-asphalt-treated cold mixtures. The engineering properties of foamed-asphalt-treated mixes were tested and compared with those of hot recycled mixes. Test results show the benefits of utilizing high percentages (80%) of milled asphalt in foamed asphalt mixes. The optimum asphalt content of foamed asphalt mixes can be reduced from 3.5 to 2.0%, which is less than the mixes consisting of all new aggregate, and the moisture resistance of the mixture is enhanced. Resilience modulus and fatigue data show that foamed-asphalt-treated mixes perform as well as hot recycled mixes.
Material Characterization Of Alaskan Asphalt Mixtures Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Rap
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Author : Beaux M. Kemp
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Material Characterization Of Alaskan Asphalt Mixtures Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Rap written by Beaux M. Kemp and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Pavements, Asphalt categories.
Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material has been combined with hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving for several decades to reduce construction costs and environmental impacts. In Alaska, the HMA specification allows up to 15% RAP for Type-II A mixes (typically used in wearing courses) and 25% for Type II-B mixes (used in wearing or base courses). Highway construction projects statewide are expected to see an increase in the use of RAP in future mix designs. Pavement engineers use mechanistic procedures (e.g. Alaska Flexible Pavement Design software and Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide) to develop flexible pavement design alternatives. These procedures require material engineering properties as an input source. Consequently, it is essential to properly establish the engineering properties of HMA mixtures containing RAP. In order to characterize Alaskan HMA materials containing RAP, this study evaluated 11 HMA mixtures comprised of three typical Alaskan asphalt binders (PG 52-28, PG 58-34 and PG 52-40) containing 0%, 25% and 35% RAP that were either produced in the lab or a hot-plant (i.e. collected from actual paving projects in Alaska). Various binder and mix properties were determined including; true high binder grades, complex shear modulus (G*) and phase angle (delta) at high performance temperatures, as well as asphalt mixture performance tests (AMPT); dynamic modulus (E*) and flow number (FN). The original (h-based) and the modified (G*-based) Witczak (E*) predictive models were evaluated for these mixtures based on job mix formulae availability for use in mechanistic design procedures. It was found that the incorporation of RAP into Alaskan HMA increased E* and FN of the mixtures, which indicates that the addition of RAP increased the stiffness and rutting resistance of the mixtures tested. A local calibration of the Witczak predictive models may be required for increased accuracy of E* predictions. For Alaskan conditions, a savings of $13.60/ton of mix was estimated for a 25% RAP mix. For an 18-feet wide one lane-mile of HMA mat, it is estimated to have a 21% savings in the 25% RAP mix compared to the conventional virgin (no RAP) mix.
Characterization Of Asphalt Mixtures And Rap Binder Properties Through Impact Resonance Test
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Author : Ilker Boz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Characterization Of Asphalt Mixtures And Rap Binder Properties Through Impact Resonance Test written by Ilker Boz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Characterization of asphalt concrete is of paramount importance for the sound structural design and analysis of flexible pavements. Of equal importance is the availability of test methods that can provide an accurate and reliable measure of the required engineering properties of the material. For routine applications in material characterization, selected test methods should be reliable, simple, quick, repeatable, and cost eective. The use of nondestructive test (NDT) methods has proven to provide such characterization capabilities. Among those methods, the impact resonance (IR) test is a vibration based NDT method, and has been increasingly used for asphalt concrete evaluation and characterization in the past two decades. The majority of studies regarding the IR test in asphalt concrete applications have been focused on comparison of the IR test moduli with the moduli obtained from conventional asphalt concrete dynamic modulus tests and the predictive equations. In this dissertation, the IR test was utilized to characterize the properties of asphalt concrete mixtures and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) binder through mixture testing at a range of temperatures. To this eect, several independent studies were conducted.The second order equation of motion assumption in rheological modeling of the IR test response was evaluated for asphalt concrete testing. A set of asphalt concrete specimens was tested with the IR test, and the obtained signals at a range of temperatures were evaluated by means of the Hankel matrix method. The results showed that the assumption is violated for asphalt concrete testing, especially at high temperatures, mainly due to the presence of noise in the obtained response. However, the Hankel method was employed to filter out the noise. It was seen that the assumption could be employed for asphalt concrete at a range of temperatures including high temperatures, provided that the filtering is performed on the obtained signal. The results also showed that the employed filtering procedure produced improvements for the IR test material dependent responses, resonant frequency and especially damping ratio calculations.The IR test results are influenced by specimen size and testing configurations. A study was conducted to investigate the influence of aspect ratio (length/diameter) of laboratory specimens on the frequency response of asphalt concrete when tested with the IR. The IR test, performed in a longitudinal mode, demonstrated that the test is repeatable and reproducible. The test results indicated that the frequency response increased as the aspect ratio increased approximately up to 0.7, and then it decreased with a nonlinear trend as the aspect ratio increased beyond 0.7, indicating that the tendency of the frequency response reached a plateau as the aspect ratio increased. It was inferred from the test results that there was a threshold aspect ratio at which the fundamental longitudinal frequency mode was not the dominant frequency mode. Velocity calculations from measured resonant frequencies indicated that the true material properties for the longitudinal mode could be attained at an aspect ratio of as low as 1.In another study, the sensitivity of the resonant frequency response of the IR testing of asphalt concrete to asphalt concrete mixture parameters was investigated. The IR tests were performed on disk-shaped asphalt concrete specimens at the transverse (flexural) mode of vibration at a temperature range of approximately -10 to 50oC. Test results revealed that the relationship between the resonant frequency and temperature was described by a polynomial fit, and it was shown through statistical analysis that the slopes of the fit were significantly aected by mixture parameters such as air void content and binder content. Also, the statistical formulation (predictive model) between the resonant frequency and the asphalt concrete mixture parameters were established for a given aggregate gradation of nominal maximum size and an aggregate specific gravity. The prediction accuracy of the model was evaluated by independent data sets, and the test results indicated that the maximum error between the measured and predicted resonant frequencies was not more than 9 percent.In an eort to characterize the properties of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) binder with the IR test through asphalt concrete mixture testing, two approaches were utilized. An approach is proposed for determination of binder properties through the IR testing of mixtures with RAP and binders with known engineering properties. The IR tests were performed in the longitudinal mode at a range of temperatures between 3 and 35oC. Also, RAP binder and virgin binders were tested using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) at the same temperature range as the IR testing. It was seen that the IR test ranked the expected trend of binder stiness with respect to the resonant frequency of mixtures. The results indicate the potential of the proposed concept and feasibility of the approach in determining binder properties, including properties of the RAP binder. A practical method is proposed for determination of binder properties based on mixture testing.In the second approach, the IR test potential to characterize the low-temperature properties of an RAP binder that incorporated a rejuvenating agent was investigated. This approach included testing of mixes with virgin binders and pure RAP mixes treated with a rejuvenating agent at dierent levels using the IR, as well as testing of blends of recovered RAP binder, rejuvenator, and virgin binder using bending beam rheometer (BBR). The results showed that the IR test can properly rank the expected stiness of binders through mixture testing. The results also indicated high linear correlations between mixture properties obtained from the IR test (modulus and phase angle) and binder properties obtained from the BBR test (stiness and m-value, a relaxation index). The results clearly demonstrate the potential of IR to be used for grading and optimization for the asphalt binder of RAP and rejuvenator content in lieu of the binder recovery method.