Enhanced Iaea Safeguards Using Commercial Satellite Imagery
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Enhanced Iaea Safeguards Using Commercial Satellite Imagery
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Author : B. Jasani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Enhanced Iaea Safeguards Using Commercial Satellite Imagery written by B. Jasani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Image processing categories.
Enhancing Iaea Safeguards Using Commercial Satellite Imagery
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Author : Bhupendra Jasani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Enhancing Iaea Safeguards Using Commercial Satellite Imagery written by Bhupendra Jasani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Artificial satellites in arms control verification categories.
Enhancing Iaea Safeguards Using Commercial Satellite Imagery
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Author : Bhupendra Jasani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Enhancing Iaea Safeguards Using Commercial Satellite Imagery written by Bhupendra Jasani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Artificial satellites in arms control verification categories.
Commercial Satellite Imagery
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Author : Bhupendra Jasani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2002-06-01
Commercial Satellite Imagery written by Bhupendra Jasani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-06-01 with Science categories.
This will be the first book that deals with the use of commercial satellite imagery to monitor non-proliferation of nuclear weapons non-intrusively from space by an international organisation. The book deals with both the technical as well as policy issues related to the nuclear weapons non-proliferation issues. The authors discuss how an international organisation such as the International Atomic Energy Agency can use information derived from satellites to enhance its policing task.
The New Geospatial Tools
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The New Geospatial Tools written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
This paper focuses on the importance and potential role of the new, freely available, geospatial tools for enhancing IAEA safeguards and how, together with commercial satellite imagery, they can be used to promote 'all-source synergy'. As additional 'open sources', these new geospatial tools have heralded a new era of 'global transparency' and they can be used to substantially augment existing information-driven safeguards gathering techniques, procedures, and analyses in the remote detection of undeclared facilities, as well as support ongoing monitoring and verification of various treaty (e.g., NPT, FMCT) relevant activities and programs. As an illustration of how these new geospatial tools may be applied, an original exemplar case study provides how it is possible to derive value-added follow-up information on some recent public media reporting of a former clandestine underground plutonium production complex (now being converted to a 'Tourist Attraction' given the site's abandonment by China in the early 1980s). That open source media reporting, when combined with subsequent commentary found in various Internet-based Blogs and Wikis, led to independent verification of the reporting with additional ground truth via 'crowdsourcing' (tourist photos as found on 'social networking' venues like Google Earth's Panoramio layer and Twitter). Confirmation of the precise geospatial location of the site (along with a more complete facility characterization incorporating 3-D Modeling and visualization) was only made possible following the acquisition of higher resolution commercial satellite imagery that could be correlated with the reporting, ground photos, and an interior diagram, through original imagery analysis of the overhead imagery.
Strengthened Iaea Safeguards Imagery Analysis
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Strengthened Iaea Safeguards Imagery Analysis written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
This slide presentation focuses on the growing role and importance of imagery analysis for IAEA safeguards applications and how commercial satellite imagery, together with the newly available geospatial tools, can be used to promote 'all-source synergy.' As additional sources of openly available information, satellite imagery in conjunction with the geospatial tools can be used to significantly augment and enhance existing information gathering techniques, procedures, and analyses in the remote detection and assessment of nonproliferation relevant activities, facilities, and programs. Foremost of the geospatial tools are the 'Digital Virtual Globes' (i.e., GoogleEarth, Virtual Earth, etc.) that are far better than previously used simple 2-D plan-view line drawings for visualization of known and suspected facilities of interest which can be critical to: (1) Site familiarization and true geospatial context awareness; (2) Pre-inspection planning; (3) Onsite orientation and navigation; (4) Post-inspection reporting; (5) Site monitoring over time for changes; (6) Verification of states site declarations and for input to State Evaluation reports; and (7) A common basis for discussions among all interested parties (Member States). Additionally, as an 'open-source', such virtual globes can also provide a new, essentially free, means to conduct broad area search for undeclared nuclear sites and activities - either alleged through open source leads; identified on internet BLOGS and WIKI Layers, with input from a 'free' cadre of global browsers and/or by knowledgeable local citizens (a.k.a.: 'crowdsourcing'), that can include ground photos and maps; or by other initiatives based on existing information and in-house country knowledge. They also provide a means to acquire ground photography taken by locals, hobbyists, and tourists of the surrounding locales that can be useful in identifying and discriminating between relevant and non-relevant facilities and their associated infrastructure. The digital globes also provide highly accurate terrain mapping for better geospatial context and allow detailed 3-D perspectives of all sites or areas of interest. 3-D modeling software (i.e., Google's SketchUp6 newly available in 2007) when used in conjunction with these digital globes can significantly enhance individual building characterization and visualization (including interiors), allowing for better assessments including walk-arounds or fly-arounds and perhaps better decision making on multiple levels (e.g., the best placement for International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) video monitoring cameras).
Commercial Satellite Imagery As An Evolving Open Source Verification Technology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Commercial Satellite Imagery As An Evolving Open Source Verification Technology written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
One evolving and increasingly important means of verification of a State's compliance with its international safeguards obligations involves the application of publicly available commercial satellite imagery. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) views commercial satellite imagery as "a particularly valuable open source of information." In 2001, the IAEA established an in-house Satellite Imagery Analysis Unit (SIAU) to provide an independent capability for "the exploitation of satellite imagery which involves imagery analysis, including correlation/fusion with other sources (open source, geospatial, and third party).^Commercial satellite imagery not only supports onsite inspection planning and verification of declared activities," but perhaps its most important role is that it also "increases the possibility of detecting proscribed nuclear activities." Analysis of imagery derived from low-earth-orbiting observation satellites has a long history dating to the early 1960s in the midst of the Cold War era. That experience provides a sound basis for effectively exploiting the flood of now publicly available commercial satellite imagery data that is now within reach of anyone with Internet access. This paper provides insights on the process of imagery analysis, together with the use of modern geospatial tools like Google Earth, and highlights a few of the potential pitfalls that can lead to erroneous analytical conclusions.^A number of illustrative exemplar cases are reviewed to illustrate how academic researchers (including those within the European Union's Joint Research Centre) and others in Non-Governmental Organizations are now applying commercial satellite imagery in combination with other open source information in innovative and effective ways for various verification purposes. The international constellation of civil imaging satellites is rapidly growing larger, thereby improving the temporal resolution (reducing the time between image acquisitions), but the satellites are also significantly improving in capabilities with regard to both spatial and spectral resolutions. The significant increase, in both the volume and type of raw imagery data that these satellites can provide, and the ease of access to it, will likely lead to a concomitant increase in new non-proliferation relevant knowledge as well.^Many of these new developments were previously unanticipated, and they have already had profound effects beyond what anyone would have thought possible just a few years ago. Among those include multi-satellite, multi-sensor synergies deriving from the diversity of sensors and satellites now available, which are exemplified in a few case studies. This report also updates earlier work on the subject by this author and explains how the many recent significant developments in the commercial satellite imaging domain will play an ever increasingly valuable role for open source nuclear nonproliferation monitoring and verification in the future.
Use Of Open Source Information And Commercial Satellite Imagery For Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime Compliance Verification By A Community Of Academics
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Author : Alexander Solodov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Use Of Open Source Information And Commercial Satellite Imagery For Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime Compliance Verification By A Community Of Academics written by Alexander Solodov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
The proliferation of nuclear weapons is a great threat to world peace and stability. The question of strengthening the nonproliferation regime has been open for a long period of time. In 1997 the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Board of Governors (BOG) adopted the Additional Safeguards Protocol. The purpose of the protocol is to enhance the IAEA0́9s ability to detect undeclared production of fissile materials in member states. However, the IAEA does not always have sufficient human and financial resources to accomplish this task. Developed here is a concept for making use of human and technical resources available in academia that could be used to enhance the IAEA0́9s mission. The objective of this research was to study the feasibility of an academic community using commercially or publicly available sources of information and products for the purpose of detecting covert facilities and activities intended for the unlawful acquisition of fissile materials or production of nuclear weapons. In this study, the availability and use of commercial satellite imagery systems, commercial computer codes for satellite imagery analysis, Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)verification International Monitoring System (IMS), publicly available information sources such as watchdog groups and press reports, and Customs Services information were explored. A system for integrating these data sources to form conclusions was also developed. The results proved that publicly and commercially available sources of information and data analysis can be a powerful tool in tracking violations in the international nuclear nonproliferation regime and a framework for implementing these tools in academic community was developed. As a result of this study a formation of an International Nonproliferation Monitoring Academic Community (INMAC) is proposed. This would be an independent organization consisting of academics (faculty, staff and students) from both nuclear weapon states (NWS) and non-nuclear weapon states (NNWS). This community analyzes all types of unclassified publicly and commercially available information to aid in detection of violations of the non-proliferation regime. INMAC shares all of this information with the IAEA and the public. Since INMAC is composed solely by members of the academic community, this organization would not demonstrate any biases in its investigations or reporting.
Potential Applications Of Commercial Satellite Imagery In International Safeguards
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Potential Applications Of Commercial Satellite Imagery In International Safeguards written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Nuclear nonproliferation categories.
Commercial Satellite Imagery As An Evolving Open Source Verification Technology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Commercial Satellite Imagery As An Evolving Open Source Verification Technology written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
One evolving and increasingly important means of verification of a State's compliance with its international safeguards obligations involves the application of publicly available commercial satellite imagery. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) views commercial satellite imagery as "a particularly valuable open source of information." In 2001, the IAEA established an in-house Satellite Imagery Analysis Unit (SIAU) to provide an independent capability for "the exploitation of satellite imagery which involves imagery analysis, including correlation/fusion with other sources (open source, geospatial, and third party).^Commercial satellite imagery not only supports onsite inspection planning and verification of declared activities," but perhaps its most important role is that it also "increases the possibility of detecting proscribed nuclear activities." Analysis of imagery derived from low-earth-orbiting observation satellites has a long history dating to the early 1960s in the midst of the Cold War era. That experience provides a sound basis for effectively exploiting the flood of now publicly available commercial satellite imagery data that is now within reach of anyone with Internet access. This paper provides insights on the process of imagery analysis, together with the use of modern geospatial tools like Google Earth, and highlights a few of the potential pitfalls that can lead to erroneous analytical conclusions.^A number of illustrative exemplar cases are reviewed to illustrate how academic researchers (including those within the European Union's Joint Research Centre) and others in Non-Governmental Organizations are now applying commercial satellite imagery in combination with other open source information in innovative and effective ways for various verification purposes. The international constellation of civil imaging satellites is rapidly growing larger, thereby improving the temporal resolution (reducing the time between image acquisitions), but the satellites are also significantly improving in capabilities with regard to both spatial and spectral resolutions. The significant increase, in both the volume and type of raw imagery data that these satellites can provide, and the ease of access to it, will likely lead to a concomitant increase in new non-proliferation relevant knowledge as well.^Many of these new developments were previously unanticipated, and they have already had profound effects beyond what anyone would have thought possible just a few years ago. Among those include multi-satellite, multi-sensor synergies deriving from the diversity of sensors and satellites now available, which are exemplified in a few case studies. This report also updates earlier work on the subject by this author and explains how the many recent significant developments in the commercial satellite imaging domain will play an ever increasingly valuable role for open source nuclear nonproliferation monitoring and verification in the future.