Enhanced Sand Filtration For Storm Water Phosphorus Removal
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Enhanced Sand Filtration For Storm Water Phosphorus Removal
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Author : Andrew Jacob Erickson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Enhanced Sand Filtration For Storm Water Phosphorus Removal written by Andrew Jacob Erickson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Optimizing Stormwater Treatment Practices
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Author : Andrew J. Erickson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Optimizing Stormwater Treatment Practices written by Andrew J. Erickson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Optimizing Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Handbook of Assessment and Maintenance provides the information necessary for developing and operating an effective maintenance program for stormwater treatment. The book offers instructions on how to measure the level of performance of stormwater treatment practices directly and bases proposed maintenance schedules on actual performance and historical maintenance efforts and costs. The inspection methods, which are proven in the field and have been implemented successfully, are necessary as regulatory agencies are demanding evaluations of the performance of stormwater treatment practices. The authors have developed a three-tiered approach that offers readers a standard protocol for how to determine the effectiveness of stormwater treatment practices currently in place.
Phosphorus Removal In Subsurface Sand Filters
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Author : Lee Alan Powell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Phosphorus Removal In Subsurface Sand Filters written by Lee Alan Powell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Phosphorus categories.
The Efficacy Of Dissolved Phosphorus Removal From Urban Runoff By Sand Filtration
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Author : Patrick M. Mestas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
The Efficacy Of Dissolved Phosphorus Removal From Urban Runoff By Sand Filtration written by Patrick M. Mestas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Urban runoff categories.
Enhanced Granular Media Filtration Of Waterborne Pathogens
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Author : Andrew Torkelson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Enhanced Granular Media Filtration Of Waterborne Pathogens written by Andrew Torkelson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Drinking water in low-income countries and stormwater in the U.S. is often contaminated with pathogens, posing health risks to local communities. In response, distributed filters are being used to provide the needed protection from exposure and infectious disease. Two examples of these distributed filters include point-of-use (POU) devices at the household scale for drinking water treatment and bioretention basins at the community scale for stormwater treatment. Sand is a common media used in distributed filters, but pathogen removal is often low due to unfavorable interactions between the sand surface and microorganisms. Removal may be increased, however, if certain amendments are added that create favorable interactions between microorganisms and the filter media, either through electrostatic attraction or hydrophobic interactions. This dissertation focused on the use of three media amendments, including a quaternary ammonium silane (QAS), zero valent iron (ZVI), and biochar, in distributed filters to improve removal of indicator bacteria and viruses from drinking water and stormwater. In the first part of this dissertation, a QAS-coated sand was evaluated for drinking water treatment in POU filters. Varying influent water matrices were introduced to QAS-coated sand columns at representative flow rates, and the effluent was evaluated for indicator bacteria, indicator virus, and human virus removal. In basic water matrices with 1 mM NaCl and Escherichia coli (E. coli) or MS2 coliphage (MS2), removal was observed to increase with depth and decrease with increasing ionic strength, flow velocity, and experiment length. E. coli attached to QAS-coated sand were observed to have permeable membranes, providing evidence of inactivation. Major limitations, however, were observed when the influent contained humic acid or other viruses. Rapid fouling in the presence of humic acid was likely caused by competition for positively charged binding sites, and low PRD1 and Adenovirus 2 removal may have stemmed from steric interference between viral capsid features and the media surface. In the second part of the dissertation, ZVI and biochar amendments were evaluated for stormwater treatment in bioretention basins in two long-term experiments. In the first experiment, stormwater columns were operated intermittently to examine E. coli and MS2 removal in conventional bioretention media (CBM) and ZVI-amended media. A 1-year storm (3.2 cm) for Berkeley, CA was introduced to the columns once per week for 5.15 h. Afterwards, the columns were drained and remained in this state until the next week's storm. This pattern was repeated for 46 weeks. In CBM, E. coli removal increased as the columns aged and correlated with a decrease in hydraulic conductivity. Some evidence that biological activity contributed to E. coli removal was observed in a sodium azide experiment. In a ZVI-amended silica sand, E. coli and MS2 removal was above 1 log through week 11 but decreased quickly afterwards to levels observed in silica sand. The presence of other adsorbates, including natural organic matter (NOM), phosphate (PO43- ), and other organisms, likely contributed to the observed decrease in removal. In ZVI-amended CBM, E. coli and MS2 removal remained low throughout the experiment, likely due to the NOM, PO43-, and organisms leached by the compost in CBM. Iron leaching was also observed in ZVI-amended CBM. In both ZVI-amended media types, large hydraulic conductivity reductions and cementation issues raised concerns over long-term permeability in the field. In the second experiment, columns were operated as a batch system where stormwater was injected into a column and allowed to rest in the media for 24 h. After this rest period, fresh influent was injected into the column again, and the expelled effluent was evaluated for E. coli and MS2 removal. This pattern was repeated daily for 75 d. In biochar-amended silica sand, E. coli removal above 4 log was observed throughout the experiment. In iron-amended silica sand, MS2 removal above 2 log and PO43- removal around 90% was observed after 75 d, and hydraulic conductivity did not decrease as observed in unsaturated columns. Results from this dissertation provided insights into the limits of media amendments for pathogen removal, identified possible removal mechanisms of indicator organisms in mature bioretention basins, and demonstrated the promise of a batch configuration with increased rest periods and media amendments for long-term removal of indicator organisms.
Design And Construction Of Phosphorus Removal Structures For Improving Water Quality
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Author : Chad J. Penn
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-07-05
Design And Construction Of Phosphorus Removal Structures For Improving Water Quality written by Chad J. Penn and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The purpose of this book is to introduce the phosphorus (P) removal structure as a new BMP for reducing dissolved P loading to surface waters from non-point source pollution, provide guidance on designing site-specific P removal structures, and provide instruction on use of the design software, “Phrog” (Phosphorus Removal Online Guidance). The book initially provides a review of the nature and sources of non-point source P pollution, examines short and long term solutions to the problem, and provides detailed theory on design and operation of the P removal structure. As with many areas of study, one of the best methods of communicating concepts is through illustrations and examples. This book is no exception; several years of experience in studying P sorption and constructing P removal structures at multiple scales and settings is utilized for providing real examples and applications. With an understanding of the P removal structure established, the reader is instructed on how to obtain all of the necessary inputs for properly designing a site-specific P removal structure for meeting a desired lifetime and performance, or predict the performance and lifetime of a previously constructed P removal structure. For the readers who already possess the Phrog design software or are interested in obtaining it, one chapter is dedicated to detailed use of the software as demonstrated with various examples of structure design and also prediction.
Slow Sand Filtration
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Author : Nigel Jonathon Douglas Graham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Slow Sand Filtration written by Nigel Jonathon Douglas Graham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A Handbook Of Environmental Toxicology
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Author : J.P.F. D'Mello
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2019-12-04
A Handbook Of Environmental Toxicology written by J.P.F. D'Mello and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-04 with Science categories.
Written by an international team of authors from a range of educational, medical and research establishments, this book is an essential reference for advanced students and researchers in the areas of environmental sciences, ecology, agriculture, environmental health and medicine, in addition to industry and government personnel responsible for environmental regulations and directives. A Handbook of Environmental Toxicology focuses on two key aspects: human disorders and ecotoxicology as affected by major toxins originating from biological sources and pollutants, as well as radiation generated spontaneously or as a result of anthropogenic activity. A diverse array of these potentially harmful agents regularly appear in the atmosphere, soil, water and food, compromising both human health and biodiversity in natural and managed ecosystems.
Assessment Of Stormwater Best Management Practices
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Author : John S. Gulliver
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Assessment Of Stormwater Best Management Practices written by John S. Gulliver and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Comparing Phosphorus Removal Efficiencies And Mechanisms Via Two Cost Effective Specialty Adsorbents In A Cascade Upflow Filtration System
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Author : Sydney Kilgus-Vesely
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Comparing Phosphorus Removal Efficiencies And Mechanisms Via Two Cost Effective Specialty Adsorbents In A Cascade Upflow Filtration System written by Sydney Kilgus-Vesely and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Finding solutions to treat water that contains phosphorus is an important effort due to the harmful impacts it presents to both human health and the environment. Phosphorus is considered a limiting factor in water oftentimes and therefore controls the growth of algal bloom in a water body. The increase of algal populations due to wastewater effluent, stormwater runoff, and agricultural discharge in Florida waters has a direct link to the event of harmful algal blooms such as red tide in coastal regions, eutrophication of waterbodies, and fish kills. Finding low cost, energy efficient, and low maintenance green sorption media (GSM) solutions to treat this nutrient laden water is the main focus of this study. Phosphorus removal efficiencies were studied in the lab using two new recipes of GSM with a unique passive energy cascade upflow hydraulic pattern. The study goal involves comparing the two new GSM in terms of their removal rates of phosphate, removal mechanisms, and their differential effects via a lab-scale cascade upflow filtration system. The two new GSM include Zero-valent Iron and Perlite Green Environmental Media (ZIPGEM) composed of 85% sand, 5% clay, 5% zero valent iron, 5% perlite by volume, and Biochar zero-valent Iron and Perlite Green Environmental Media (BIPGEM) containing 80% sand, 5% biochar, 5% clay, 5% perlite, 5% zero valent iron by volume. To explore the differential effects, the addition of biochar in BIPGEM is of special interest in this study and expected to perform better than its counterpart ZIPGEM. However, results indicated that ZIPGEM, when treated as a system, experienced an average percent removal of 97.9% to 78.9% from the initial 60 minute to 300 minute range, whereas BIPGEM experienced an average 86.9% to 67.1% removal during this same time interval. At the time of shutdown for the BIPGEM runs (5,480 minutes), BIPGEM as a system possessed an average 52.8%, and ZIPGEM a 69.1% removal. Upon shutdown for ZIPGEM at the 11,180 minutes mark, ZIPGEM was still at an average 69.1% removal. Further comparison of the material structures and compositions of two GSM involve chemical composition analysis of both raw and spent media samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC) at the University of Central Florida (UCF). Two experimental runs with slightly different flow rates were conducted for each type of sorption medium to explore the process reliability of such a cascade upflow filtration system. Statistical analysis via the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was calculated to compare goodness of fit between the two sets of performance curves associated with each sorption media and experimental run in the lab. The results of this study show that the inclusion of biochar did not support the hypothesis that BIPGEM would perform better than ZIPGEM in phosphorus removal and the two experimental runs are statistically similar. This may be due to the quantity of biochar not being enough to provide significant adsorption of phosphorus or the possibility of synergistic effects between the other ingredients within the recipe altering the physical or chemical adsorption properties expected from the medium. It is recommended that further studies in a downflow filtration system (i.e., a column study) take place to continue the understanding of the impact associated with changing hydraulic pattern and higher content of biochar in the recipe based on this study.
