Environmental Health And Safety Assessment Of Chemical Alternatives During Early Process Design
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Environmental Health And Safety Assessment Of Chemical Alternatives During Early Process Design
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Author : Gulnara Shavalieva
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Environmental Health And Safety Assessment Of Chemical Alternatives During Early Process Design written by Gulnara Shavalieva and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Chemical process control categories.
Decision Making Framework For Chemical Process Design Including Different Stages Of Environmental Health And Safety Ehs Assessment
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Author : Hirokazu Sugiyama
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Decision Making Framework For Chemical Process Design Including Different Stages Of Environmental Health And Safety Ehs Assessment written by Hirokazu Sugiyama and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
A Method For Environmental Health And Safety Assessment During Process Development
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Author : Guntram Koller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
A Method For Environmental Health And Safety Assessment During Process Development written by Guntram Koller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Chemical engineering categories.
Exposure Science In The 21st Century
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2012-10-28
Exposure Science In The 21st Century written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-28 with Nature categories.
From the use of personal products to our consumption of food, water, and air, people are exposed to a wide array of agents each day-many with the potential to affect health. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy investigates the contact of humans or other organisms with those agents (that is, chemical, physical, and biologic stressors) and their fate in living systems. The concept of exposure science has been instrumental in helping us understand how stressors affect human and ecosystem health, and in efforts to prevent or reduce contact with harmful stressors. In this way exposure science has played an integral role in many areas of environmental health, and can help meet growing needs in environmental regulation, urban and ecosystem planning, and disaster management. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy explains that there are increasing demands for exposure science information, for example to meet needs for data on the thousands of chemicals introduced into the market each year, and to better understand the health effects of prolonged low-level exposure to stressors. Recent advances in tools and technologies-including sensor systems, analytic methods, molecular technologies, computational tools, and bioinformatics-have provided the potential for more accurate and comprehensive exposure science data than ever before. This report also provides a roadmap to take advantage of the technologic innovations and strategic collaborations to move exposure science into the future.
Development And Integration Of Simple And Quantitative Safety Pollution And Energy Indices Into The Design And Retrofit Of Process Plants
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Author : Mohammad Hossein Ordouei
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Development And Integration Of Simple And Quantitative Safety Pollution And Energy Indices Into The Design And Retrofit Of Process Plants written by Mohammad Hossein Ordouei and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Currently, the main focus in a chemical process design is cost reduction and profitability. This approach results in high expenditure due to the generation of huge amounts of wastes, which in turn requires waste control stations such as wastewater treatment facility, incinerator and so on. In other words, in conventional design the waste reduction is carried out at the late stage of process design, sometimes referred to as the end of pipe treatment, which causes impacts on environment, inventory of hazardous chemicals, energy consumption as well as cost impacts on the process. Due to all the above aspects, the impact of decision making is highest at the conceptual phase of a process design. However, this impact can be minimized by shifting the waste reduction from the late step of the process design to its early stage. There are several barriers for such shifting; the most important of which is the lacking of a methodology to be used as a screening tool at the conceptual design phase in order to select the inherently safer and the environmentally friendlier design. The objective of this thesis is to develop simple and quantitative indices that can be employed in minimizing the adverse effects of material and energy emissions from chemical industries. Several improvements to existing methodologies for pollution minimization are given. These are based on waste reduction concepts and are applicable from the initial step of a process design to revamping of existing processes. A simple risk index for the evaluation of risks to the safety of chemical processes is also developed. The work provides indices for evaluation of potential environmental impacts as well as safety risks of a chemical process in order to reduce the hazardous wastes generation and energy consumptions as well as safety risks reduction while maintaining the process throughput and profitability. This research offers new methodologies, which have significant contributions in sustainability development by providing new and simple indices to be employed at initial step of a chemical process design with minimum available process data for the evaluation of energy impacts of the process on the environment and at the same time for the assessment of the risks to the chemical process. These new indices are combined with the well-known WAR algorithm to offer a composite index to help investors, regulators and also process designers to select the sustainable design from other process design array. The new methodology uses Key Process Index (KPI) for ranking purposes merely from technical point of view. Even when two or more sustainable processes are concerned, the composite index can find the inherently safest, environmentally friendliest process without trade off with process economy and profitability. So, the new indices can be renamed as “Must Know Composite Indices” for chemical process designers. These Must Know Composite Indices are illustrated on several case studies and are proven to be effective tools on several fronts such as: 1. As screening tools for investors/owners who need not be experts in chemical, environmental or safety engineering. They usually receive a bunch of proposals after advertising a tender for a new project or retrofitting an existing chemical process plant. The utilization of the Must Know Composite Indices will allow them to enter the available process and economic and calculate all indices, rank the proposals and recommend the top ranked processes. 2. As screening tools for process designers: A process engineer will get into the insight of design alternatives in terms of environmental protection, inherent safety and energy impacts of the alternative designs. Then, s/he will make necessary changes to make a sustainable design at minimum impacts of decision at conceptual design stage. 3. As a coding system for process design similar to piping codes. For instance, KPI 1234 (234, 500, 500); where 234, 500 and 500 are the contribution of energy impacts, environmental impacts and safety risks to the process design, respectively. 4. As an incentive/penalty tool for the government in order to penalize plants who are harmful to the environment and society or to, otherwise, provide stimulus programs.
Epa 744 R
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Epa 744 R written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Pollution prevention categories.
Towards Sustainable Chemical Processes
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Author : Jingzheng Ren
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-06-30
Towards Sustainable Chemical Processes written by Jingzheng Ren and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Towards Sustainable Chemical Processes describes a comprehensive framework for sustainability assessment, design and the processes optimization of chemical engineering. Beginning with the analysis and assessment in the early stage of chemical products’ initiating, this book focuses on the combination of science sustainability and process system engineering, involving mathematical models, industrial ecology, circular economy, energy planning, process integration and sustainability engineering. All chapters throughout answered two fundamental questions in depth: (1) what tools and models are available to be used to assess and design sustainable chemical processes, (2) what the core theories and concepts are to get into the sustainable chemical process fields. Therefore, Towards Sustainable Chemical Processes is an indispensable guide for chemical engineers, researchers, students, practitioners and consultants in sustainability related area. Provides innovative, novel and comprehensive methods and models for sustainability assessment, design and optimization, and synthesis and integration of chemical engineering processes Combines sustainability science with process system engineering Integrates mathematical models, industrial ecology, circular economy, energy planning, process integration and sustainability engineering Includes new case studies related to renewable energy, resource management, process synthesis and process integration
The Development Documentation And Applications Of The Integrated Environmental Health And Safety Index Iehs
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Author : Siddarta Jairam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Development Documentation And Applications Of The Integrated Environmental Health And Safety Index Iehs written by Siddarta Jairam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
During the conceptual design phase of industrial processes, there is a need to make quick decisions on the screening and selection of alternatives. These decisions are typically based on techno-economic criteria and sometimes include environmental aspects. Safety considerations usually come as an afterthought. A designer charged with developing the conceptual process flowsheet for a new plant often cannot access the information needed for conventional safety analysis due to the lack of sufficiently detailed design data and time restraints. This is heightened in operations without extensive historical data such as processes that are small, produce specialty chemicals, or use novel processes. Given the significant gains that can accrue by including safety considerations during the conceptual design phases, there is a critical need to develop systematic approaches that aid the process designer in incorporating safety during the early stages of process design. This thesis turns a literature index into a process flowsheet development tool. The revised index is referred to as the Integrated Environmental, Health, and Safety index (IEHS). It accommodates the nature of early process synthesis and conceptual design work. It also accounts for categories not directly covered before such as maintainability, process control and overall process structure. The main focus of IEHS is to provide the designer with insights about the consequences of making design decisions and to provide a rational basis for the incorporation of safety issues on par with design methodologies and economic metrics. Through the use of IEHS, process designs failing to meet quantitative risk limits are eliminated from further consideration or revised to meet the desired limits early enough in the design work process. A case study is solved for the design of a dimethyl ether process to illustrate the applicability of IEHS in the early design phase. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155454
Sustainability In The Design Synthesis And Analysis Of Chemical Engineering Processes
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Author : Gerardo Ruiz Mercado
language : en
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Release Date : 2016-06-09
Sustainability In The Design Synthesis And Analysis Of Chemical Engineering Processes written by Gerardo Ruiz Mercado and has been published by Butterworth-Heinemann this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Sustainability in the Design, Synthesis and Analysis of Chemical Engineering Processes is an edited collection of contributions from leaders in their field. It takes a holistic view of sustainability in chemical and process engineering design, and incorporates economic analysis and human dimensions. Ruiz-Mercado and Cabezas have brought to this book their experience of researching sustainable process design and life cycle sustainability evaluation to assist with development in government, industry and academia. This book takes a practical, step-by-step approach to designing sustainable plants and processes by starting from chemical engineering fundamentals. This method enables readers to achieve new process design approaches with high influence and less complexity. It will also help to incorporate sustainability at the early stages of project life, and build up multiple systems level perspectives. Ruiz-Mercado and Cabezas’ book is the only book on the market that looks at process sustainability from a chemical engineering fundamentals perspective. Improve plants, processes and products with sustainability in mind; from conceptual design to life cycle assessment Avoid retro fitting costs by planning for sustainability concerns at the start of the design process Link sustainability to the chemical engineering fundamentals
Review Of The U S Navy Environmental Health Center S Health Hazard Assessment Process
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-08-23
Review Of The U S Navy Environmental Health Center S Health Hazard Assessment Process written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-23 with Science categories.
A large number of chemicals are used on land at shore facilities, in the air in combat and reconnaissance aircraft, on seas around the world in surface vessels, and in submarine vessels by the navy and marine corps. Although the chemicals used are for the large part harmless, there is a significant amount of chemicals in use that can be health hazards during specific exposure circumstances. The Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC) is primarily tasked with assessing these hazards. The NEHC completes its tasks by reviewing toxicological and related data and preparing health-hazard assessments (HHAs) for the different chemicals. Since the NEHC is continually asked to develop these HHAs, the National Research Council (NRC) was asked to assess independently the validity and effectiveness of NEHC's HHA process, in order to determine whether the process as implemented provides the Navy with the best, comprehensive, and defensible evaluations of health hazards and to identify any elements that might require improvement. The task was assigned to the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology's Committee on Toxicology's (COT's) Subcommittee on Toxicological hazard and Risk Assessment. Review of the U.S. Navy Environmental Health Center's Health-Hazard Assessment Process presents the subcommittee's report. The report is the work of expertise in general toxicology, inhalation toxicology, epidemiology, neurotoxicology, immunotoxicology, reproductive and developmental toxicology, pharmacology, medicine, risk assessment, and biostatistics. It is based on its review of documents provided by NEHC, presentations by NEHC personnel, and site visits to NEHC in Norfolk, Virginia and an aircraft carrier in San Diego, California.