Environmental Risk Assessment Environmental Hazard Assessment

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Environmental Risk Assessment Environmental Hazard Assessment

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Author : GW. Suter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990

Environmental Risk Assessment Environmental Hazard Assessment written by GW. Suter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Environmental impact analysis categories.

Risk assessment and hazard assessment are alternate paradigms for assessing the effects of chemicals and other hazards on the environment. Risk assessment is an old assessment tradition that grew out of actuarial statistics and is concerned with estimating the probability of undesired events. Hazard assessment was developed in the late 1970s as a means of performing assessments by iteratively (1) testing and measuring the properties of chemicals, (2) comparing toxicity test endpoints to estimated environmental concentrations, and then (3) deciding whether the chemical is clearly safe, clearly hazardous, or requires more testing. These two paradigms have much in common in that they attempt to apply environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, and scientifically based logic to the regulation of chemicals. In this respect, they differ from the regulation of hazards by absolute prohibitions, political negotiations, adversarial proceedings, and technology-based standards. They differ in the following ways: (1) risk assessment, unlike hazard assessment, is explicitly probabilistic; (2) hazard assessment assumes that clear distinctions can be made between safe and unsafe, but risk assessments determine degrees of safety; (3) risk assessment explicitly allows for value judgements, but hazard assessment implies that decisions about acceptability are scientific; (4) risks, unlike hazards, are balanced against costs and benefits; (5) risk assessments have explicit endpoints, (6) hazard assessments model environmental concentrations, but risk assessments model exposure, (7) hazard assessment requires tiered testing, but risk assessments can be performed with available data; (8) procedural decisions in hazard assessments are based on the assessor's judgement, but risk assessments use formal decision criteria; and (9) risk assessment makes greater use of mathematical and statistical models.

Risk Assessment Of Environmental Hazard

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Author : Robert William Kates
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1978

Risk Assessment Of Environmental Hazard written by Robert William Kates and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Mathematics categories.

Revised version of a background paper presented by the author to the Workshop on Comparative Risk Assessment of Environmental Hazards in an International Context, held at Woods Hole, Mass., March 31-April 4, 1975. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 101-107.

Environmental Hazards Methodologies For Risk Assessment And Management

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Author : Nicolas R. Dalezios
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2017-02-15

Environmental Hazards Methodologies For Risk Assessment And Management written by Nicolas R. Dalezios and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-15 with Science categories.

From the beginning of 21st century, there has been an awareness of risk in the environment along with a growing concern for the continuing potential damage caused by hazards. In order to ensure environmental sustainability, a better understanding of natural disasters and their impacts is essential. It has been recognized that a holistic and integrated approach to environmental hazards needs to be attempted using common methodologies, such as risk analysis, which involves risk management and risk assessment. Indeed, risk management means reducing the threats posed by known hazards, whereas at the same time accepting unmanageable risks and maximizing any related benefits. The risk management framework involves evaluating the importance of a risk, either quantitatively or qualitatively. Risk assessment comprises three steps, namely risk identification (data base, event monitoring, statistical inference), risk estimation (magnitude, frequency, economic costs) and risk evaluation (cost-benefit analysis). Nevertheless, the risk management framework also includes a fourth step, risk governance, i.e. the need for a feedback of all the risk assessment undertakings. There is currently a lack of such feedback which constitutes a serious deficiency in the reduction of environmental hazards. This book emphasises methodological approaches and procedures of the three main components in the study of environmental hazards, namely forecasting - nowcasting (before), monitoring (during) and assessment (after), based on geoinformatic technologies and data and simulation through examples and case studies. These are considered within the risk management framework and, in particular, within the three components of risk assessment, namely risk identification, risk estimation and risk evaluation. This approach is a contemporary and innovative procedure and constitutes current research in the field of environmental hazards. Environmental Hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management covers hydrological hazards (floods, droughts, storms, hail, desertification), biophysical hazards (frost, heat waves, epidemics, forest fires), geological hazards (landslides, snow avalanches), tectonic hazards (earthquakes, volcanoes), and technological hazards. This book provides a text and a resource on environmental hazards for senior undergraduate students, graduate students on all courses related to environmental hazards and risk assessment and management. It is a valuable handbook for researchers and professionals of environmental science, environmental economics and management, and engineering. Editor: Nicolas R. Dalezios, University of Thessaly, Greece

Environmental Hazards Methodologies For Risk Assessment And Management

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Author : Nicolas R. Dalezios
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2017-02-15

Environmental Hazards Methodologies For Risk Assessment And Management written by Nicolas R. Dalezios and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-15 with Science categories.

From the beginning of 21st century, there has been an awareness of risk in the environment along with a growing concern for the continuing potential damage caused by hazards. In order to ensure environmental sustainability, a better understanding of natural disasters and their impacts is essential. It has been recognized that a holistic and integrated approach to environmental hazards needs to be attempted using common methodologies, such as risk analysis, which involves risk management and risk assessment. Indeed, risk management means reducing the threats posed by known hazards, whereas at the same time accepting unmanageable risks and maximizing any related benefits. The risk management framework involves evaluating the importance of a risk, either quantitatively or qualitatively. Risk assessment comprises three steps, namely risk identification (data base, event monitoring, statistical inference), risk estimation (magnitude, frequency, economic costs) and risk evaluation (cost-benefit analysis). Nevertheless, the risk management framework also includes a fourth step, risk governance, i.e. the need for a feedback of all the risk assessment undertakings. There is currently a lack of such feedback which constitutes a serious deficiency in the reduction of environmental hazards. This book emphasises methodological approaches and procedures of the three main components in the study of environmental hazards, namely forecasting - nowcasting (before), monitoring (during) and assessment (after), based on geoinformatic technologies and data and simulation through examples and case studies. These are considered within the risk management framework and, in particular, within the three components of risk assessment, namely risk identification, risk estimation and risk evaluation. This approach is a contemporary and innovative procedure and constitutes current research in the field of environmental hazards. Environmental Hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management covers hydrological hazards (floods, droughts, storms, hail, desertification), biophysical hazards (frost, heat waves, epidemics, forest fires), geological hazards (landslides, snow avalanches), tectonic hazards (earthquakes, volcanoes), and technological hazards. This book provides a text and a resource on environmental hazards for senior undergraduate students, graduate students on all courses related to environmental hazards and risk assessment and management. It is a valuable handbook for researchers and professionals of environmental science, environmental economics and management, and engineering. Editor: Nicolas R. Dalezios, University of Thessaly, Greece

Health And Environmental Risk Analysis

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Author : Joseph F. Louvar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998

Health And Environmental Risk Analysis written by Joseph F. Louvar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Medical categories.

This is the first book to bring together comprehensive resources for understanding, eliminating and mitigating industrial risks, especially those associated with chemical production. A detailed understanding of risk analysis is essential in an era where governments and companies are increasingly aware of their health, safety and environmental responsibilities, yet resources are limited. This book covers all the fundamental concepts of risk analysis and ties them together with OSHA Process Safety Management and EPA Risk Management regulations. Using many examples and illustrations, it thoroughly reviews topics like: process descriptions, hazard identification, source models, fault tree analysis, consequence analysis, exposure assessment, and radiation risk assessment. There is also detailed coverage of the relationship between risk analysis and ISO 14000 standards. For: professional environmental safety, health and R&D professionals in government, communities, and chemical companies; or at storage and transportation facilities. Also for advanced students in risk analysis.

Environmental Assessment In Practice

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Author : Owen Harrop
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2005-08-05

Environmental Assessment In Practice written by Owen Harrop and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-05 with Science categories.

This text explains what constitutes good practice in applying environmental assessment as an environmental management tool. A wide range of case studies and other student text features are employed to demonstrate how the different methods, techniques and disciplines of environmental assessment can be used. The authors address the key concepts for environmental assessment procedures: methods for using E.A.; techniques for impact prediction and evaluation; environmental risk assessment; EA consultation and participation; project management; environmental statement review and post-project analysis; and strategic environmental assessment. Worldwide case studies include: gas pipelines, hydroelectric power plants, gold mining, river crossings, waste-to-energy plants and gravel extraction in England, Scotland, Ireland, Canada, the USA, Venezuela, the Netherlands, Iceland, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Ghana.

Environmental Assessment In Practice

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Author : D. Owen Harrop
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1999

Environmental Assessment In Practice written by D. Owen Harrop and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Environmental engineering categories.

With the aid of case studies from around the world this textbook explains what constitutes good practice in applying environmental assessment as an environmental management tool.

Environmental Hazards

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Author : Keith Smith
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2001

Environmental Hazards written by Keith Smith and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Nature categories.

Topics include : risk assessment, disaster management, adjustment to the hazard (accepting, sharing, reducing loss), earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, snow avalances, storms, biophysical hazards (extreme temperatures, epidemics, frost, wildlifires), floods, droughts, technological hazards (i.e. Bhopal and Chernobyl), etc.

Environmental Risk Assessment

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Author : Ian Lerche
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-04-03

Environmental Risk Assessment written by Ian Lerche and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-03 with Science categories.

This book explores environmental and human risk problems caused by contamination, from the perspective of real world applications with quantitative procedures. It includes risk methods for environmental problems where data are sparse or fuzzy, and incorporates political, social and economic considerations in determining directions of remediation solutions for environmental contaminant problems. It highlights the impact of contaminants on human health – sometimes fatal - and the anthropogenic exacerbation of natural processes.

Environmental Toxicology And Risk Assessment

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Author : Wayne G. Landis
language : en
Publisher: ASTM International
Release Date : 1993

Environmental Toxicology And Risk Assessment written by Wayne G. Landis and has been published by ASTM International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Environmental health categories.