Epistemic Stance In English Conversation
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Epistemic Stance In English Conversation
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Author : Elise Kärkkäinen
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2003
Epistemic Stance In English Conversation written by Elise Kärkkäinen and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book is the first corpus-based description of epistemic stance in conversational American English. It argues for epistemic stance as a pragmatic rather than semantic notion: showing commitment to the status of information is an emergent interactive activity, rooted in the interaction between conversational co-participants. The first major part of the book establishes the highly regular and routinized nature of such stance marking in the data. The second part offers a micro-analysis of "I think," the prototypical stance marker, in its sequential and activity contexts. Adopting the methodology of conversation analysis and paying serious attention to the manifold prosodic cues attendant in the speakers utterances, the study offers novel situated interpretations of "I think." The author also argues for intonation units as a unit of social interaction and makes observations about the grammaticization patterns of the most frequent epistemic markers, notably the status of "I think" as a discourse marker.
Questions And Epistemic Stance In Contemporary Spoken British English
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Author : Andrzej Zuczkowski
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2021-03-11
Questions And Epistemic Stance In Contemporary Spoken British English written by Andrzej Zuczkowski and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-11 with History categories.
This volume explores a model of epistemic stance, according to which speakers can communicate each single piece of information either as known/certain or uncertain or unknown. It presents a qualitative analysis of extracts from the Spoken British National Corpus 2014 to support the idea that questions come from two distinct epistemic positions: the Unknowing and the Uncertain; this latter ranges along two poles: Not Knowing Whether and Believing. In the epistemic continuum, Unknowing questions express a lack of knowledge and range from open to closed and dual wh-questions. On the other hand, Uncertain questions express a lack of certainty and range from maximum uncertainty (Not Knowing Whether-questions advancing a doubt) to minimum uncertainty (Believing-questions advancing a supposition). Both Unknowing and Uncertain questions can be directed either at the answerer’s Knowing or Believing position, depending on their aim. The volume will appeal to scholars concerned with the topic of question design and epistemic stance from a theoretical and analytical perspective, as well as those interested in applying these findings in their teaching practice.
Stancetaking In Discourse
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Author : Robert Englebretson
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2007-10-25
Stancetaking In Discourse written by Robert Englebretson and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-25 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume contributes to the burgeoning field of research on stance by offering a variety of studies based in natural discourse. These collected papers explore the situated, pragmatic, and interactional character of stancetaking, and present new models and conceptions of stance to spark future research. Central to the volume is the claim that stancetaking encompasses five general principles: it involves physical, attitudinal and/or moral positioning; it is a public action; it is inherently dialogic, interactional, and sequential; it indexes broader sociocultural contexts; and it is consequential to the interactants. Each paper explores one or more of these dimensions of stance from perspectives including interactional linguistics and conversation analysis, corpus linguistics, language description, discourse analysis, and sociocultural linguistics. Research languages include conversational American English, colloquial Indonesian, and Finnish. The understanding of stance that emerges is heterogeneous and variegated, and always intertwined with the pragmatic and social aspects of human conduct.
Epistemic Stance In Dialogue
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Author : Andrzej Zuczkowski
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2017-04-11
Epistemic Stance In Dialogue written by Andrzej Zuczkowski and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-11 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume presents a theoretical and practical model for analysing epistemic stance in dialogues, i.e. the positions both epistemic (commitment) and evidential (source of information) which speakers take in the here and now of communication with regard to the information they are conveying and which they express through lexical and morphosyntactic means. According to the results of our studies of different types of corpora, these positions can be reduced to three basic ones: Knowing, Unknowing, Believing (KUB). In the first part of the book, we present the KUB model and its psychological and linguistic backgrounds. In the second part, we provide an exemplary application of the model, by presenting the qualitative and quantitative analysis of dialogues belonging to different genres and contexts. The volume is addressed to scholars concerned with the topical issues from a theoretical and analytical perspective.
Epistemic Stance Markers And The Function Of I Don T Know In The Talk Of Persons With Dementia And Children With Autism
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Epistemic Stance Markers And The Function Of I Don T Know In The Talk Of Persons With Dementia And Children With Autism written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
This study examines epistemic stance marker use in the talk of persons with mid to late stages of dementia of the probable Alzheimer's type and in children with autism. I report the forms and frequencies of all epistemic stance markers used in naturally-occurring conversations between 20 persons with dementia and their non-impaired co-participants, and I compare the resultant 25-conversation corpus of 33,000 words, derived from 4 hours, 51 minutes of audio, to existing corpora. Overall, persons with dementia use a common variety of epistemic stance markers with frequencies comparable to other corpora, to include the conversation register of the Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Moreover, conversation analysis shows that persons with dementia use I don't know, the most frequent stance marker, much the same way as non-impaired persons: to display epistemic stance but also to manage sequences of talk (i.e. closing or initiating topics) and to manage preference (e.g., disagreeing with co-participants). A separate conversation analysis of naturally-elicited talk by seven children, ages 6-13, undergoing clinical evaluation for autism spectrum disorder focuses on their use of I don't know in response to emotion-related questions from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-II). While some of these children do use I don't know to display epistemic stance and to signal more talk is forthcoming, more often they use I don't know to, in effect, resist providing information requested by the clinicians. In a few of these cases, I observe that the syntactic interrogatory construction "What about/How about" may unintentionally elicit I don't know utterances relative to that of other question formulations. Two additional observations likely have import to conversation, in general. I show that American English speakers, like British speakers reported elsewhere, also use I don't know in response to compliments to minimize a co-participant's positive assessment and to avoid self-praise. I also look at a mechanism that is at work within sequence management in which a person with dementia uses a complement-taking I don't know utterance as a first-pair part to initiate an action that I call a "wondering".
The Morality Of Knowledge In Conversation
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Author : Tanya Stivers
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-06-02
The Morality Of Knowledge In Conversation written by Tanya Stivers and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-02 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Each time we take a turn in conversation we indicate what we know and what we think others know. However, knowledge is neither static nor absolute. It is shaped by those we interact with and governed by social norms - we monitor one another for whether we are fulfilling our rights and responsibilities with respect to knowledge, and for who has relatively more rights to assert knowledge over some state of affairs. This book brings together an international team of leading linguists, sociologists and anthropologists working across a range of European and Asian languages to document some of the ways in which speakers manage the moral domain of knowledge in conversation. The volume demonstrates that if we are to understand how speakers manage issues of agreement, affiliation and alignment - something clearly at the heart of human sociality - we must understand the social norms surrounding epistemic access, primacy and responsibilities.
Subjectivity In Language And Discourse
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Author : Nicole Baumgarten
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2012-11-02
Subjectivity In Language And Discourse written by Nicole Baumgarten and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-02 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Subjectivity in Language and in Discourse deals with the linguistic encoding and discursive construction of subjectivity across languages and registers. The aim of this book is to complement the highly specialized, parallel and often separate research strands on the phenomenon of subjectivity with a volume that gives a forum to diverse theoretical vantage points and methodological approaches, presenting research results in one place which otherwise would most likely be found in substantially different publications and would have to be collected from many different sources. Taken together, the chapters in this volume reflect the rich diversity in contemporary research on the phenomenon of subjectivity. They cover numerous languages, colloquial, academic and professional registers, spoken and written discourse, diverse communities of practice, speaker and interaction types, native and non-native language use, and Lingua Franca communication. The studies investigate both already well explored languages and registers (e.g. American English, academic writing, conversation) and with respect to subjectivity, less studied languages (Greek, Italian, Persian, French, Russian, Swedish, Danish, German, Australian English) as well as many different communicative settings and contexts, ranging from conference talk, promotional business writing, academic advising, disease counselling to internet posting, translation, and university classroom and research interview talk. Some contributions focus on individual linguistic devices, such as pronouns, intensifiers, comment clauses, modal verbs, adjectives and adverbs, and their capacity of introducing the speaker's subjective perspective in discourse and interactional sequence; others examine the role of larger functional categories, such as hedging and metadiscourse, or interactional sequencing.
Between Turn And Sequence
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Author : John Heritage
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2018-07-15
Between Turn And Sequence written by John Heritage and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The last two decades have witnessed a remarkable growth of interest in what are variously termed discourse markers or discourse particles. The greatest area of growth has centered on particles that occur in sentence-initial or turn-initial position, and this interest intersects with a long-standing focus in Conversation Analysis on turn-taking and turn-construction. This volume brings together conversation analytic studies of turn-initial particles in interactions in fourteen languages geographically widely distributed (Europe, America, Asia and Australia). The contributions show the significance of turn-initial particles in three key areas of turn and sequence organization: (i) the management of departures from expected next actions, (ii) the projection of the speaker's epistemic stance, and (iii) the management of overall activities implemented across sequences. Taken together the papers demonstrate the crucial importance of the positioning of particles within turns and sequences for the projection and management of social actions, and for relationships between speakers.
Evidentiality Revisited
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Author : Juana I. Marín Arrese
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2017-03-21
Evidentiality Revisited written by Juana I. Marín Arrese and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-21 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Evidentiality Revisited focuses on semantic-pragmatic based frameworks for the study of evidentials and evidential strategies in European languages (Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish). The book also presents discourse-pragmatic studies, with special emphasis on the use of evidential and epistemic expressions as resources for stancetaking in discourse. The volume addresses issues such as the relationship between the conceptual domains of evidentiality and epistemic modality, the role of evidential and epistemic resources in modelling stancetaking, the expression of speaker commitment to the validity status of the information, and the discourse-pragmatic variation of evidentiality and epistemic modality in discourse domains and genres. The volume offers a collection of contributions in which cross-linguistic studies and corpus-based studies contribute to provide further insights into a usage-based account of linguistic reality.
Fixed Expressions
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Author : Ritva Laury
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2020-11-15
Fixed Expressions written by Ritva Laury and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume concerns the structure and use of fixed expressions in a range of typologically, genetically and areally distinct languages. The chapters consider the use contexts of fixed expressions, at the same time taking seriously the need to account for their structural aspects. Formulaicity is taken here as a central feature of everyday language use, and fixed expressions as a basic utterance building resource for interaction. Our crosslinguistic investigation suggests that humans have the propensity to automatize ways to handle various discourse-level needs for specific sequential contexts by creating (semi-)fixed expressions based on frequent patterns. The chapters examine topics such as the degrees and types of fixedness, the emergence of fixed expressions, their connection to social action, the new understanding of traditional linguistic categories in light of fixedness, crosslinguistic variation in types of fixed expressions, as well as their non-verbal aspects. The volume situates the notion of ‘units’ of language at the intersection of interaction and formal structure as part of a larger effort to replace rule-based conceptions of language with a more dynamic, realistic and pragmatically based model of language. The articles are based on naturally occurring data, mostly everyday conversation, in English, Estonian, Finnish, Japanese, and Mandarin, with some crosslinguistic comparison.