Equal Opportunity V Equal Results
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Equal Opportunity V Equal Results
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Author : Barbara Lerner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980*
Equal Opportunity V Equal Results written by Barbara Lerner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980* with Racism categories.
Affirmative Action And Equal Opportunity
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Author : Nijole V. Benokraitis
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-04-10
Affirmative Action And Equal Opportunity written by Nijole V. Benokraitis and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-10 with Social Science categories.
The affirmative action program has engendered a hostile reaction in many quarters. Originating in presidential executive orders and civil rights legislation, the program is intended to combat institutional race and sex discrimination by encouraging public and private organizations to go beyond the mere cessation of formal discriminatory practices—to enact their own programs to end unfair practices. In contrast to the passive nondiscrimination of equal opportunity, affirmative action means that employers must act positively, affirmatively, and aggressively to remove all barriers, however informal or subtle, that prevent minorities and women from having equal access to all levels of the nation's educational, industrial, and government institutions. Is affirmative action, in fact, geared to equal opportunity? Or has it resulted in greater inequality for white males? The authors of this book empirically examine employment in government, industry, and higher education and enrollment in colleges and universities to determine the current status of women and minorities as employees and students. They also describe the machinery of affirmative action, its budget and staff problems, the compliance and enforcement processes, and the results of the program. Their final chapter includes a theoretical explanation for the very apparent resistance to affirmative action and expresses their pessimism about the program's ability to accomplish its goals, especially in light of recent efforts to weaken its already limited power. They close with a discussion of the future of affirmative action and the likelihood of achieving equal opportunity in employment.
Pursuing Equal Opportunities
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Author : Lesley A. Jacobs
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004
Pursuing Equal Opportunities written by Lesley A. Jacobs and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Philosophy categories.
This book offers original and innovative contributions to the debate about equality of opportunity. The first part sets out a theory of equality of opportunity that presents equal opportunities as a normative device for the regulation of competition for scarce resources. The second part shifts the focus to the consideration of the practical application by courts or legislatures or public policy makers of policies for addressing racial, class or gender injustices. The author examines standardized tests, affirmative action, workfare, universal health-care, comparable worth, and the economic consequences of divorce.
Is Equal Opportunity Enough
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Author : Christine Sypnowich
language : en
Publisher: Haymarket Books
Release Date : 2023-06-01
Is Equal Opportunity Enough written by Christine Sypnowich and has been published by Haymarket Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-01 with Philosophy categories.
Equal opportunity is a widely shared ideal. As Joe Biden put it in his first executive order as president, “equal opportunity is the bedrock of American democracy.” But is equal opportunity enough? Does it truly capture the meaning of equality? In a neoliberal age that prizes personal responsibility and individual merit, the ideal has been increasingly called into question. Taking equality seriously, critics argue, means aiming to ensure that we all live equally flourishing lives—not merely that we have equal shots at upward mobility. That means rethinking a range of social institutions, from education and land ownership to finance and neighborhood development. Featuring work by philosophers and economists, historians and sociologists, this issue explores the importance of outcomes, not just opportunities.
Equality Of Opportunity
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Author : David Davenport
language : en
Publisher: Hoover Press
Release Date : 2023-06-01
Equality Of Opportunity written by David Davenport and has been published by Hoover Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-01 with Political Science categories.
For over one hundred years, Americans have debated what equality of opportunity means and the role of government in ensuring it. Are we born with equality of opportunity, and must we thus preserve our innate legal and political freedoms? Or must it be created through laws and policies that smooth out social or economic inequalities? David Davenport and Gordon Lloyd trace the debate as it has evolved from America's founding into the twentieth century, when the question took on greater prominence. The authors use original sources and historical reinterpretations to revisit three great debates and their implications for the discussions today. First, they imagine the Founders, especially James Madison, arguing the case against the Progressives, particularly Woodrow Wilson. Next are two conspicuous public dialogues: Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt's debate around the latter's New Deal; and Ronald Reagan's response to Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society and War on Poverty. The conservative-progressive divide in this discussion has persisted, setting the stage for understanding the differing views about equality of opportunity today. The historical debates offer illuminating background for the question: Where do we go from here?
Equal Educational Opportunity
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Author : Nicholas C. Burbules
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Equal Educational Opportunity written by Nicholas C. Burbules and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Educational equalization categories.
Equal Opportunity Or More Opportunity
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Author : Richard Allen Epstein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Equal Opportunity Or More Opportunity written by Richard Allen Epstein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Age discrimination categories.
Epstein claims that current human rights laws, especially anti-discrimination statutes, create more injustices than they solve. He calls for the abolition of the Commission for Racial Equality, the Equal Opportunities Commission, the Disability Rights Commission and other similar bodies. The state should guarantee 'civil capacity' - the right to participate in a social order organized under the law of property, contract and tort. Employment law should enforce the contractual terms emerging from private agreements, entered into willingly and without coercion. But when governments tinker with employment relations beyond this, the results can be damaging. Deakin argues that competition and the enforcement of contracts alone are not sufficient to eliminate discrimination. Legislation has a role to play in unravelling persistent forms of discrimination and opening up labor markets to disadvantaged groups.
Equal Opportunity Theory
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Author : Dennis E. Mithaug
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 1996-05-21
Equal Opportunity Theory written by Dennis E. Mithaug and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-05-21 with Political Science categories.
Equal Opportunity Theory is a clear and comprehensive examination of the idea of self determination: both the right to self-determination as well as its expression in our society. Author Dennis E. Mithaug examines society′s collective responsibility for assuring fair prospects of self-determination for all people. This inclusive volume also describes how social policies derived from the theory of equal opportunity actually impact those with the least likely prospects for self-determination throughout their lives--the poor, the disabled, and people of color. Author Dennis E. Mithaug first presents the logical, philosophical, and psychological basis for equal opportunity theory and then presents its social and judicial background. From this foundation he shows how the optimal prospects principle derived from the theory decreases the discrepancy between the right and the experience of self-determination for children and adults with significant physical, mental, social, and economic disadvantages. Although the main thrust is theoretical, evidence in support of the theory is based upon a combination of empirical, historical, and logical sources. Addressing one of the hottest current topics in American society and public policy today, Equal Opportunity Theory′s timeliness will make it of great interest to students and professionals in the fields of sociology, psychology, and political science. "In Equal Opportunity Theory, Dennis E. Mithaug writes about the discrepancy between the right to self-determination and the expression of that right, a problem that is salient to most Americans with disabilities and others who are less well situated in our society. This discrepancy manifests itself in what may be the most ′handicapping′ aspect of having a disability, being poor, or being a member of a minority group that experiences frequent discrimination--the lack of control over one′s life. Equal Opportunity Theory provides a thoughtful, interdisciplinary treatment of the complex issues related to this problem. The book provides an important differentiation of the impact of individual capacity and opportunity theory as a means to resolve the discrepancy between the right to and experience of self-determination for individuals whose personal, social, and economic circumstances are beyond their control. It also provides a valuable contribution to the debate concerning how best to empower and enable all individuals to live self-determined lives." --Michael L. Wehmeyer, The Arc National Headquarters
Bottlenecks
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Author : Joseph Fishkin
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2014
Bottlenecks written by Joseph Fishkin and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Law categories.
Bottlenecks introduces a powerful new way of understanding equal opportunity. Rather than literal equalization, Joseph Fishkin argues that Americans ought to aim to broaden the range of opportunities open to people, at every stage in life, to pursue different paths. This approach has significant implications for public policy and antidiscrimination law.
Equity And Development
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006
Equity And Development written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Business & Economics categories.
This year, the workshop examined the conceptual foundation of the workshop sessions by discussing the definition of equity itself. What do we mean by equity, and how does equity differ from equality? Whereas equity is commonly associated positively with impartiality and justice, economists understand equality as an idealistic and unattainable goal often linked to socialism and communism. The terminological twins equity/equality, however, can be conceptualized in highly diverging ways with different consequences for development strategy. The discussions throughout the workshop mirror the controversial positions of international discourse on the topic. Through the varying dimensions of these terms, discussions focused on the different responsibilities for political action such terms entail. For example, whereas equality in outcome implies an egalitarian perspective, economic studies on inequality in outcome mostly take into account the results of actions and conditions such as unequal incomes. Session I, on what is equity, and, what is the role for governments in the promotion of equity, further discussed how does this role differ between developed and developing countries. Nonetheless, it was suggested that before operationalizing and measuring inequity, the concept itself has to be clarified, and, further arguments indicated that one future challenge for development policy is precisely to combine growth-promoting policies with policies that assure that the poor can fully participate in the opportunities that growth offers. Session II, on equity-enhancing social transformation and historical evidence from European and Transition Countries, focus on policies that impact equity. Session III, on building efficient welfare states and lessons learnt, discussed the task of formulating policies that foster both efficiency and equitable social welfare, while Session IV, on international inequalities and what can be done to reduce them, focuses on the global level, contrary to Session III which concentrated on equity issues at the national level. Finally, Session V, on what will greater integration mean for inequalities between and within the richer and poorer countries of the New Europe, draws a very differentiated picture. Conclusions outlined key issues that need to be addressed, noting the importance of carefully analyzing different redistributive instruments with respect to their effects on growth and efficiency, and vice versa.