Equality In Law Between Men And Women In The European Community Germany
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Equality In Law Between Men And Women In The European Community Germany
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Author : Klaus Bertelsmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Equality In Law Between Men And Women In The European Community Germany written by Klaus Bertelsmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Affirmative action programs categories.
6.1.2. Burden of proof
Equality In Law Germany
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Author : Klaus Bertelsmann
language : en
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Release Date : 2023-08-28
Equality In Law Germany written by Klaus Bertelsmann and has been published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-28 with Law categories.
Equality In Law Between Men And Women In The European Community Portugal
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Equality In Law Between Men And Women In The European Community Portugal written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Affirmative action programs categories.
Women S Quotas Under Eu Equality Law
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Author : Katharina Radloff
language : en
Publisher: Diplomica Verlag
Release Date : 2012
Women S Quotas Under Eu Equality Law written by Katharina Radloff and has been published by Diplomica Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Law categories.
The purpose of this study is to investigate legislation and leading cases concerning positive discrimination in the European Union, with a particular focus on the recent debate about the most radical positive action measure: the implementation of women?s quotas by supranational legislation. This study seeks to answer the question if such a radical derogation from the equal treatment principle can be tolerated, keeping in mind the fundamental character of this principle in European law. The concept of substantive equality will be analysed and set against the ECJ case law under review. It will be criticised that the ECJ focused once more on a formalist approach and allows for positive action measures only to a very limited extent. If the European Union would impose women?s quotas for board members via supranational legislation, would this still be considered as a measure of positive discrimination or would it rather be a form of negative discrimination against men?
Sex Equality Law In The European Union
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Author : Tamara K. Hervey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996-08
Sex Equality Law In The European Union written by Tamara K. Hervey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-08 with Law categories.
Recoge: Part I. Equal pay -- Part II. Equal treatment -- Part III. Social security -- Part IV. Enforcement of sex equality in employment -- Part V. Citizenship and human rights -- Part VI. Women and internal market -- Part VII. Perspectives on sex equality law: proposals for reform.
Equality In Law Between Men And Women In The European Community
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Author : Teresa Martins de Oliveira
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Equality In Law Between Men And Women In The European Community written by Teresa Martins de Oliveira and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Women On Boards
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Author : Katharina Radloff
language : en
Publisher: diplom.de
Release Date : 2011-10-13
Women On Boards written by Katharina Radloff and has been published by diplom.de this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-13 with Law categories.
Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Even though European equality law has had a considerable impact on the law of the Member States concerning women s rights to employment, it is still often the case that women experience a glass ceiling , which hinders their access to leadership positions in private companies. As identified by the UN Report on Women, women are on most boards of large companies, but their number still remains considerably low when compared to men. Although the Report acknowledges that in general opportunities of women with regard to employment have increased, the representation of women in leading positions is still too low. This is especially notable in the largest corporations, which remain male- dominated. Of the 500 largest corporations in the world, only 13 have a female chief executive officer . In the European Union, women hold only 11 percent of top company positions and the average proportion of women serving as chairman of the board of top companies was only 3 per cent in 2009. Among the European Union Member States, the highest percentage of women in boards can be found in Norway, which as the first country in the world introduced a women s quota of 40 percent for board members in 2004 by law. When quotas were proposed in 2002, the proportion of women in boards was only 6.8 percent, whereas it is now 34 percent. The success of the Norwegian example led to a political debate about female representation in leading positions throughout the Union. In September 2010, the Spanish government introduced a gender quota of 40 per cent for both, men and women to be achieved by 2015. France introduced a women s quota for corporate boards in 2011 and other governments such as those of the Netherlands and Italy are positive about introducing similar quotas via legislation. The reasons for the glass ceiling women still experience are manifold and involve old stereotypes, which are deeply rooted in society. It is this invisible barrier that justifies positive action measures in the first place: to remove deeply rooted social practices that interfere with the process of substantial equality in society in order to create conditions that give individuals equal access to employment. However, it would be too simplistic to argue that in equality law it is all about treating people equally. Rather, it is best resumed in the Aristotelian maxim: equality is about treating equal cases equally and unequal cases unequally. In the case of gender [...]
Equality In Law Between Men And Women In The European Community United Kingdom
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Equality In Law Between Men And Women In The European Community United Kingdom written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Affirmative action programs categories.
Gender Politics In The Expanding European Union
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Author : Silke Roth
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2008
Gender Politics In The Expanding European Union written by Silke Roth and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with History categories.
In May 2004, after bringing their legislation into accordance with EU regulations, ten more countries joined the European Union. The contributors to this volume assess the impact of this historical development on gender relations in the new and old EU member states. Instead of focusing on either western or eastern Europe, this book investigates the similarities and differences in diverse parts of Europe. Although initially limited, gender equality was part of the original framework of the European Union, an organization often more open than national governments to feminist demands, as this volume illustrates with case studies from eastern and western Europe. The enlargement process thus provides some important policy instruments for increasing equality between men and women.
Eu Non Discrimination Law In The Courts
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Author : Jule Mulder
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2017-01-12
Eu Non Discrimination Law In The Courts written by Jule Mulder and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-12 with Law categories.
Since the year 2000, the material and personal scope of EU non-discrimination law has been significantly broadened and has challenged national courts to introduce a comprehensive equality framework into their national law to correspond with the European standard. The book provides a multi-layered culturally informed comparison of juridical approaches to EU (in)direct sex and sexualities discrimination and its implementation in Germany and the Netherlands. It examines how and why national courts apply national non-discrimination law with a European origin differently, although the legislation derives from the same set of EU law and the national courts have to respect the interpretive competence of the CJEU. The book provides valuable insights into the national and European context which shape the dialogue and influences of the courts inter se, the national application of EU law, and the harmonisation process within the area of gender equality law and beyond. A Dutch and German comparison is of special interest here because both countries' approaches towards non-discrimination law are quite different despite the similarities in the respective legal systems; they are founding members of the EU, they are neighbours, they are civil law countries, and their legal systems are relatively similar at least compared to Scandinavian and common law jurisdictions. Therefore, the different reception EU non-discrimination law cannot simply be explained by obvious differences between the legal systems. Their comparison thus provides an interesting case study to uncover legal and non legal, cultural and historic, factors which influence the application of EU non-discrimination law in both countries. The book is of interest for EU, comparative and equality lawyers.