Ermeni Meselesi Hallolunmu Tur Osmanl Belgelerine G Re Sava Y Llar Nda Ermenilere Y Nelik
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Ermeni Meselesi Hallolunmu Tur Osmanl Belgelerine G Re Sava Y Llar Nda Ermenilere Y Nelik
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Author : Taner Akçam
language : tr
Publisher: İletişim Yayınları
Release Date : 2013-09-30
Ermeni Meselesi Hallolunmu Tur Osmanl Belgelerine G Re Sava Y Llar Nda Ermenilere Y Nelik written by Taner Akçam and has been published by İletişim Yayınları this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-30 with Political Science categories.
İttihat ve Terakki, Balkan Savaşları ertesinde içine düşülen ve adım adım bütün ülkeye yayılan köşeye sıkışmış olma duygusuna, Anadolu topraklarının, gayrimüslim unsurlardan arındırılarak Türkleştirilmesi ile cevap verdi. Sadece iktisadi hayatın değil, sosyal ilişkilerin ve giderek ülkenin etnik bileşiminin de “homojenleştirilmesi” anlayışı, sistemli bir politika olarak hayata geçirildi. Birinci Dünya Savaşı, uygulanan bu politikalardaki en önemli dönemeçtir. Zira savaş, hem şüpheli konumundaki etnik unsurların sürgünleri ve zorla yerlerinden boşaltılmaları için uygun bir ortam yaratmıştı, hem de Türkleştirme politikalarını uygulayabilmek için yeteri kadar gerekçe sunuyordu. Ermenilere karşı 1915’te geniş çaplı bir biçimde uygulanmaya başlayan “tehcir”, Türkleştirme politikalarının son merhalesiydi. Taner Akçam’ın Osmanlı belgelerine dayanarak hazırladığı bu araştırma, yaşananların içeriğine dair “birincil” kaynakların neler anlattığına odaklanıyor. Talat Paşa’nın sürekli kontrolü ve direktifleriyle yönetilen, Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa’nın organizasyonuyla sevk ve icra edilen faaliyetlerin dayanaklarını; yapılanların İstanbul’dan telgraflar yoluyla nasıl takip edildiğini; Ermenilerin Anadolu’nun dört bir tarafından niye “tehcir” edildiğini anlatıyor. Aylar öncesinden başlayan hazırlıklar, günü gününe takip edilen kayıtlar, isimlere kadar belirlenmiş denetimler, savaş sonrası yapılan yargılamalar ve sanıkların ifadeleri tarihin karanlık yüzüne ışık tutuyor; Talat Paşa’nın telgraflarındaki “Ermeni meselesi hallolunmuştur. Fuzûlî mezâlimle millet ve hükûmetin lekedâr edilmesine lüzûm yoktur” cümlesinin meramını inceliyor. Bu araştırma, büyük felaketin tarihini inkâr etmek yerine öğrenmeyi tercih etmenin önemine işaret ediyor. “Adına tehcir, kırım, soykırım ya da ne dersek diyelim... yaşanmış acıları anlayan, nedeni ne olursa olsun, dini, etnik kökeni farklı diye insanlara karşı işlenmiş cinayetleri kınayan bir dil geliştirilmedikçe sorunun çözümü doğrultusunda sağlıklı adımların atılması mümkün olmayacaktır. Yani öncelikle ihtiyacımız olan şey, ahlâken, vicdanen kabul edilemez bir eylemle karşı karşıya olduğumuz gerçeğini görmek ve buna uygun bir dil geliştirebilmektir.”
The Greeks Of Asia Minor
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Author : Gerasimos Augustinos
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
The Greeks Of Asia Minor written by Gerasimos Augustinos and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with History categories.
The story of 19th-century Asia Minor Greeks illustrates the interplay of European and non-Western cultures. Although grounded historically in the latter culture, Greeks in Asia Minor interacted economically and culturally with Europeans. They were an integral part of Ottoman society, yet considered an ethnoreligious minority. Gerasimos Augustinos, in his comprehensive social and cultural survey, traces their progress during a critical era of modern history and discusses how their development ultimately affected the entire Hellenic world. Augustinos emphasizes the period from 1840 to 1880, a time of transition from traditional agrarian society and the primacy of religious identity in multinational authoritarian states in Eastern Europe to the dynamic and more complex era of industrialization, nationalist ideology, mass politics, and centralizing states. The role and structure of the Greek Orthodox church was challenged, commerce and education developed, and culture became politicized with the emergence of a Greek nation-state which transmitted its influence from Athens to Asia Minor. Within the Greek communal institutions the sense of ethnic self-identity was reshaped. These forces, however, did not result in an allegiance to one political path. Differences between the urban and provincial Greek communities developed, as did tensions between higher clergy and community leaders, the Patriarchate and the representatives of the Greek government, and Greeks native to Asia Minor and those from Greece. Augustinos addresses these problems of social accommodation among a communally organized people in a multinational state and further defines the interrelation of folk and formal culture and thedynamics of ethnicity and faith. Using unpublished materials from a number of important archival collections and contemporary publications, he draws on the work of Ottomanists as well as neo-Hellenists. His is the first extensive treatment of the subject and a significant contribution to the social and institutional history of the nationalities in the Ottoman Empire. The Greeks of Asia Minor will interest historians of the Middle East, the Near East, and Southeastern Europe, particularly Ottoman specialists, in addition to historians of modern Greece. It will also prove indispensable to specialists in nationalism, ethnicity, and nation- and state-building and valuable to Asia Minor Greeks and their descendants in the English-speaking world and Greece who want to better understand their heritage.
The Armenian Genocide
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Author : Stephan H. Astourian
language : tr
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
The Armenian Genocide written by Stephan H. Astourian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Armenian Genocide, 1915-1923 categories.
An Economic History Of The Middle East And North Africa
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Author : Charles Issawi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-16
An Economic History Of The Middle East And North Africa written by Charles Issawi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-16 with Business & Economics categories.
The economic history of the Middle East and North Africa is quite extraordinary. This is an axiomatic statement, but the very nature of the economic changes that have stemmed directly from the effects of oil resources in these areas has tended to obscure longterm patterns of economic change and the fundamental transformation of Middle Eastern and North African economies and societies over the past two hundred years. In this study Professor Issawi examines and explains the development of these economies since 1800, focusing particularly on the challenge posed by the use and subsequent decline of Western economic and political domination and the Middle Eastern response to it. The book beg ins with an analysis of the effects of foreign intervention in the area: the expansion of trade, the development of transport networks, the influx of foreign capital and resulting integration into international commercial and financial networks. It goes on to examine the local response to these external forces: migration within, to and from the region, population growth, urbanization and changes in living standards, shifts in agricultural production and land tenure and the development of an industrial sector. Professor Issawi discusses the crucial effects of the growth of oil and oil-related industries in a separate chapter, and finally assesses the likely gains and losses in this long period for both the countries in the area and the Western powers. He has drawn on long experience and an immense amount of material in surveying the period, and provides a clear and penetrating survey of an extraordinarily complex area.
Records Of Dispossession
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Author : Michael R. Fischbach
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2004-01-05
Records Of Dispossession written by Michael R. Fischbach and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-05 with Social Science categories.
Includes statistics.
Armenian Pontus
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Author : Richard G. Hovannisian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Armenian Pontus written by Richard G. Hovannisian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with History categories.
United States Official Records On The Armenian Genocide 1915 1917
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Garod Books Limited
Release Date : 2019-11-08
United States Official Records On The Armenian Genocide 1915 1917 written by and has been published by Garod Books Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-08 with categories.
United States officials witnessed and reported on the mass murder of Armenians during WWI, in what is known as the Armenian Genocide of 1915. This book is a systematic collection of such reports that were sent to the State Department from Ottoman Turkey, including the confidential materials from Ambassador Morgenthau in Constantinople. The Turkish government and its supporters deny the existence of such records as part of their denial of the Armenian Genocide.
Farewell Kharpert
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Author : Boghos Jafarian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Farewell Kharpert written by Boghos Jafarian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Contains information on the Khanigian, Darakjian and Jafarian families.
Islam And Heritage In Europe
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Author : Katarzyna Puzon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Islam And Heritage In Europe written by Katarzyna Puzon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Arabs categories.
Islam and Heritage in Europe provides a critical investigation of the role of Islam in Europe's heritage. Focusing on Islam, heritage, and Europe; it seeks to productively trouble all of these terms and to throw new light on the relationships between them in various urban, national and transnational contexts. Bringing together international scholars from a range of disciplines, this volume examines heritage-making and Islam in the context of current happenings in Europe, as well as analysing past developments and future possibilities. Presenting work based on ethnographic, historical and archival research, chapters are concerned with questions of diversity, mobility, decolonisation, translocality, restitution, and belonging. By looking at diverse trajectories of people and things, this volume encompasses multiple perspectives on the relationship between Islam and heritage in Europe, including the ways in which it has played out and transformed against the backdrop of the 'refugee crisis' and other recent developments, such as debates on decolonising museums or the resurgence of nationalist sentiments. Islam and Heritage in Europe discusses specific articulations of belonging and non-belonging, and the ways in which they create new avenues for re-thinking Islam and heritage in Europe. This ensures that the book will be of interest to academics, researchers and postgraduate students engaged in the study of heritage, museums, Islam, Europe, anthropology, archaeology, and art history.
Networks Of Nazi Persecution
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Author : Gerald D. Feldman
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2005
Networks Of Nazi Persecution written by Gerald D. Feldman and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
The persecution and mass-murder of the Jews during World War II would not have been possible without the modern organization of division of labor. Moreover, the perpetrators were dependent on human and organizational resources they could not always control by hierarchy and coercion. Instead, the persecution of the Jews was based, to a large extent, on a web of inter-organizational relations encompassing a broad variety of non-hierarchical cooperation as well as rivalry and competition. Based on newly accessible government and corporate archives, this volume combines fresh evidence with an interpretation of the governance of persecution, presented by prominent historians and social scientists. Gerald D. Feldman was Professor of History and Director of the Institute of European Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. His special fields of interest were 20th-century German history, and he had a special interest in business history, most recently authoring a biography of Hugo Stinnes, participating in the history of the Deutsche Bank, and writing a history of the Allianz Insurance Company in the Nazi period. Wolfgang Seibel is Professor of Political Science at the University of Konstanz, Germany. Previous appointments include guest professorships at the Institute for Advanced Study, Vienna (1992), and the University of California at Berkeley (1994). He was also a temporary member of the School of Social Science (1989/90) and of the School of Historical Studies (2003) of the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton. Currently (2004/2005) he is a fellow of the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin. His research is mainly devoted to issues of politics, public bureaucracy and non-governmental organizations.