Ernst Witt

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Mathematicians Under The Nazis

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Author : Sanford L. Segal
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2014-11-23

Mathematicians Under The Nazis written by Sanford L. Segal and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-23 with Mathematics categories.

Contrary to popular belief--and despite the expulsion, emigration, or death of many German mathematicians--substantial mathematics was produced in Germany during 1933-1945. In this landmark social history of the mathematics community in Nazi Germany, Sanford Segal examines how the Nazi years affected the personal and academic lives of those German mathematicians who continued to work in Germany. The effects of the Nazi regime on the lives of mathematicians ranged from limitations on foreign contact to power struggles that rattled entire institutions, from changed work patterns to military draft, deportation, and death. Based on extensive archival research, Mathematicians under the Nazis shows how these mathematicians, variously motivated, reacted to the period's intense political pressures. It details the consequences of their actions on their colleagues and on the practice and organs of German mathematics, including its curricula, institutions, and journals. Throughout, Segal's focus is on the biographies of individuals, including mathematicians who resisted the injection of ideology into their profession, some who worked in concentration camps, and others (such as Ludwig Bieberbach) who used the "Aryanization" of their profession to further their own agendas. Some of the figures are no longer well known; others still tower over the field. All lived lives complicated by Nazi power. Presenting a wealth of previously unavailable information, this book is a large contribution to the history of mathematics--as well as a unique view of what it was like to live and work in Nazi Germany.

Ernst Zermelo

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Author : Heinz Dieter Ebbinghaus
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-08-27

Ernst Zermelo written by Heinz Dieter Ebbinghaus and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-27 with Mathematics categories.

This biography sheds light on all facets of the life and the achievements of Ernst Zermelo (1871-1953). Zermelo is best-known for the statement of the axiom of choice and his axiomatization of set theory. However, he also worked in applied mathematics and mathematical physics. His dissertation, for example, promoted the calculus of variations, and he created the pivotal method in the theory of rating systems. The presentation of Zermelo's work explores motivations, aims, acceptance, and influence. Selected proofs and information gleaned from letters add to the analysis. The description of his personality owes much to conversations with his late wife Gertrud. This second edition provides additional information. The system of citations has been adapted to that of Zermelo's Collected Works in order to facilitate side-by-side reading and thus profit from the thorough commentaries written for the Collected Works by experts in the respective fields. All facts presented are documented by appropriate sources. The biography contains nearly 50 photos and facsimiles.

Collected Papers Gesammelte Abhandlungen

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Author : Ernst Witt
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-12-05

Collected Papers Gesammelte Abhandlungen written by Ernst Witt and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-05 with Mathematics categories.

Ernst Witt, 1911-1991, was one of the most ingenious mathematicians of this century and has decisively shaped the development of various mathematical fields like algebra, number theory, group theory, combinatorics and Lie theory. This volume offers a complete collection of Witt's research papers; it also contains never before published articles, facsimiles and photos. Commentary by other authors provide an excellent survey on the further development of these mathematical fields.

Open And Closed Innovation

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Author : Philipp Herzog
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-02-04

Open And Closed Innovation written by Philipp Herzog and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-04 with Business & Economics categories.

Philipp Herzog develops a theoretical framework arguing that Open Innovation and Closed Innovation cultures need to be different. The findings help firms cope with the challenges experienced in implementing the Open Innovation concept.

Proofs From The Book

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Author : Martin Aigner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14

Proofs From The Book written by Martin Aigner and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Mathematics categories.

The mathematical heroes of this book are "perfect proofs": brilliant ideas, clever connections and wonderful observations that bring new insight and surprising perspectives on basic and challenging problems from Number Theory, Geometry, Analysis, Combinatorics, and Graph Theory. Thirty beautiful examples are presented here. They are candidates for The Book in which God records the perfect proofs - according to the late Paul Erdös, who himself suggested many of the topics in this collection. The result is a book which will be fun for everybody with an interest in mathematics, requiring only a very modest (undergraduate) mathematical background.

Quadratic Forms And Their Applications

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Author : Eva Bayer-Fluckiger
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2000

Quadratic Forms And Their Applications written by Eva Bayer-Fluckiger and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Mathematics categories.

This volume outlines the proceedings of the conference on "Quadratic Forms and Their Applications" held at University College Dublin. It includes survey articles and research papers ranging from applications in topology and geometry to the algebraic theory of quadratic forms and its history. Various aspects of the use of quadratic forms in algebra, analysis, topology, geometry, and number theory are addressed. Special features include the first published proof of the Conway-Schneeberger Fifteen Theorem on integer-valued quadratic forms and the first English-language biography of Ernst Witt, founder of the theory of quadratic forms.

Four Colors Suffice

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Author : Robin J. Wilson
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2002

Four Colors Suffice written by Robin J. Wilson and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Mathematics categories.

On October 23, 1852, Professor Augustus De Morgan wrote a letter to a colleague, unaware that he was launching one of the most famous mathematical conundrums in history--one that would confound thousands of puzzlers for more than a century. This is the amazing story of how the "map problem" was solved. The problem posed in the letter came from a former student: What is the least possible number of colors needed to fill in any map (real or invented) so that neighboring counties are always colored differently? This deceptively simple question was of minimal interest to cartographers, who saw little need to limit how many colors they used. But the problem set off a frenzy among professional mathematicians and amateur problem solvers, among them Lewis Carroll, an astronomer, a botanist, an obsessive golfer, the Bishop of London, a man who set his watch only once a year, a California traffic cop, and a bridegroom who spent his honeymoon coloring maps. In their pursuit of the solution, mathematicians painted maps on doughnuts and horseshoes and played with patterned soccer balls and the great rhombicuboctahedron. It would be more than one hundred years (and countless colored maps) later before the result was finally established. Even then, difficult questions remained, and the intricate solution--which involved no fewer than 1,200 hours of computer time--was greeted with as much dismay as enthusiasm. Providing a clear and elegant explanation of the problem and the proof, Robin Wilson tells how a seemingly innocuous question baffled great minds and stimulated exciting mathematics with far-flung applications. This is the entertaining story of those who failed to prove, and those who ultimately did prove, that four colors do indeed suffice to color any map.

Algebraic Combinatorics And The Monster Group

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Author : Alexander A. Ivanov
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-08-17

Algebraic Combinatorics And The Monster Group written by Alexander A. Ivanov and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-17 with Mathematics categories.

The current state of knowledge on the Monster group, including Majorana theory, Vertex Operator Algebras, Moonshine and maximal subgroups.

Bilinear Algebra

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Author : Kazimierz Szymiczek
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-22

Bilinear Algebra written by Kazimierz Szymiczek and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-22 with Mathematics categories.

Giving an easily accessible elementary introduction to the algebraic theory of quadratic forms, this book covers both Witt's theory and Pfister's theory of quadratic forms. Leading topics include the geometry of bilinear spaces, classification of bilinear spaces up to isometry depending on the ground field, formally real fields, Pfister forms, the Witt ring of an arbitrary field (characteristic two included), prime ideals of the Witt ring, Brauer group of a field, Hasse and Witt invariants of quadratic forms, and equivalence of fields with respect to quadratic forms. Problem sections are included at the end of each chapter. There are two appendices: the first gives a treatment of Hasse and Witt invariants in the language of Steinberg symbols, and the second contains some more advanced problems in 10 groups, including the u-invariant, reduced and stable Witt rings, and Witt equivalence of fields.

Mechanizing Proof

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Author : Donald MacKenzie
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2004-01-30

Mechanizing Proof written by Donald MacKenzie and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-30 with Social Science categories.

Most aspects of our private and social lives—our safety, the integrity of the financial system, the functioning of utilities and other services, and national security—now depend on computing. But how can we know that this computing is trustworthy? In Mechanizing Proof, Donald MacKenzie addresses this key issue by investigating the interrelations of computing, risk, and mathematical proof over the last half century from the perspectives of history and sociology. His discussion draws on the technical literature of computer science and artificial intelligence and on extensive interviews with participants. MacKenzie argues that our culture now contains two ideals of proof: proof as traditionally conducted by human mathematicians, and formal, mechanized proof. He describes the systems constructed by those committed to the latter ideal and the many questions those systems raise about the nature of proof. He looks at the primary social influence on the development of automated proof—the need to predict the behavior of the computer systems upon which human life and security depend—and explores the involvement of powerful organizations such as the National Security Agency. He concludes that in mechanizing proof, and in pursuing dependable computer systems, we do not obviate the need for trust in our collective human judgment.